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The association of diet quality and physical activity with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 85,545 older Australians:A longitudinal study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 841-850页

作者： Ding Ding Joe Van Buskirk Stephanie Partridge Philip Clare edward Giovannucci Adrian Bauman Nicole Freene Robyn Gallagher Binh Nguyen Sydney School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Charles Perkins Centre the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Sydney Local Health District CamperdownNSW 2050Australia School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Healththe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW SydneySydneyNSW 2052Australia Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Health University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia

Background:A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease(CVD)***,despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health,the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly,particularly within the context of CVD *** examined the independent,interactive,and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization,CVD mortality,and all-cause ***:CVD-free Australian participants aged 4574 years(n=85,545)reported physical activity,diet,sociodemographic,and lifestyle characteristics at baseline(20062009)and follow-up(20122015),and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries(03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality).Diet quality was categorized as low,medium,and high based on meeting dietary *** activity was operationalized as(a)total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)as per guidelines,and(b)the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA)to total *** used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying ***:During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up,6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes(876 from CVD during 9.3 years).A high-quality diet was associated with a 17%lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet,and the highest MVPA category(compared with the lowest)was associated with a 44%and 48%lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality,*** interactions between diet and physical activity were *** all outcomes,the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA *** for total MVPA,some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause ***:For CVD prevention and longevity,one should adhere to both a healthy d

关键词： Diet Physical activity Cardiovascular disease Mortality Cohort studies

北美语境中的中国哲学及其数字人文发展——访森舸澜教授

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哲学动态 2024年第8期 118-123页

作者：周才庶南开大学新闻与传播学院

森舸澜(edward Slingerland),哲学家、汉学家,加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学哲学系、心理学系和东亚系教授,并任宗教史数据库主任。其研究领域包括:中国先秦哲学、宗教研究、认知语言学、伦理学等。代表作有:《无为:早期中国的概念隐喻与精... 详细信息

森舸澜(edward Slingerland),哲学家、汉学家,加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚大学哲学系、心理学系和东亚系教授,并任宗教史数据库主任。其研究领域包括:中国先秦哲学、宗教研究、认知语言学、伦理学等。代表作有:《无为:早期中国的概念隐喻与精神理想》(Effortless Action:Wu-wei as Conceptual Metaphor and Spiritual Ideal in Early China,2003,中译本出版于2020年),《为与无为:当现代科学遇上中国智慧》(Trying Not to Try:Ancient China,Modern Science and the Power of Spontaneity,2014,中译本出版于2018年),《自然科学为人文科学所提供的:身体与文化的结合》(What Science Offers the Humanities:Integrating Body&Culture,2008),《早期中国的身与心:超越东方主义与整体主义神话》(Mind and Body in Early China:Beyond Orientalism and the Myth of Holism,2019)等。

关键词：概念隐喻数字人文现代科学东亚系先秦哲学 Metaphor 东方主义心理学系

顾颉刚的边疆史地研究:个人情爱与民族情感的交汇

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社会科学研究 2024年第2期 173-185页

作者：王晴佳美国罗文大学历史系新泽西州葛拉斯堡罗08028-2235

九一八事变之后,顾颉刚的学术生涯出现了一个新的面向,从之前专注上古历史的考证、辨伪转而从事研究中国的历史疆域和边疆民族。1934年《禹贡半月刊》的出版和禹贡学会的成立,便是一个标志。顾颉刚本人指出此乃中日关系恶化、民族危机... 详细信息

九一八事变之后,顾颉刚的学术生涯出现了一个新的面向,从之前专注上古历史的考证、辨伪转而从事研究中国的历史疆域和边疆民族。1934年《禹贡半月刊》的出版和禹贡学会的成立,便是一个标志。顾颉刚本人指出此乃中日关系恶化、民族危机深重所致,但从他当时留下的日记和书信,又可以看出他之从事边疆史地的研究,与他长期爱慕谭慕愚(又名谭惕吾)有着密切的关系。谭慕愚的爱国热忱和行动是促使顾颉刚学术兴趣转向的重要契机,而且顾颉刚与谭慕愚的来往还间接地影响了顾颉刚的古史研究。探讨顾颉刚、谭慕愚及殷履安(顾颉刚妻子)之间的三角关系不仅呈现了顾颉刚学术生涯中民族情感和个人情爱的交互作用,而且有助于展现五四学人婚恋和情感生活的复杂和多面,为从情感史的角度考察中国近代学术变迁提供了一个实例。

关键词：顾颉刚谭慕愚(谭惕吾) 殷履安《禹贡》和禹贡学会边疆史地情感史

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历史和记忆的分与合:一个观念史的分析

华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版） 2024年第1期63卷 111-120页

作者：王晴佳上海外国语大学全球文明史研究所上海200083 美国罗文大学历史系新泽西州08028

随着记忆研究在近年的兴起,中文学界出现了“历史记忆”这一名称,含有将两者等同的意思。与之相对照,历史和记忆在西方学术中一直存在某种张力——史学在西方的诞生与对抗记忆的目的相关,之后历史和记忆长期处于一种分离的关系。以兰克... 详细信息

随着记忆研究在近年的兴起,中文学界出现了“历史记忆”这一名称,含有将两者等同的意思。与之相对照,历史和记忆在西方学术中一直存在某种张力——史学在西方的诞生与对抗记忆的目的相关,之后历史和记忆长期处于一种分离的关系。以兰克为代表的近代科学史学,其理论前提是区别“过去”与“现在”,并从后者的立场考察、重构前者,而记忆则常常将两者混为一体。二战之后,兰克史学面临一系列挑战,记忆研究的兴盛便是其中之一。从莫里斯·阿布瓦赫写作《集体记忆》到皮埃尔·诺拉主编《记忆之场》,西方学者试图用记忆来补充和修正历史研究和书写的传统,改进和扩大历史学的方法和范围,促成其内容的更新和革新。但历史研究和记忆研究在近年的合流,仍没有改变两者之间的根本差异。

关键词：近代史学记忆研究历史记忆《记忆之场》莫里斯·阿布瓦赫皮埃尔·诺拉

Application of Connected Truck Data to Evaluate Spatiotemporal Impact of Rest Area Closures on Ramp Parking

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 289-307页

作者： Jijo K. Mathew Jairaj Desai edward D. Cox Darcy M. Bullock Lyles School of Civil Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Indiana Department of Transportation Indianapolis IN USA

Ensuring adequate access to truck parking is critical to the safe and efficient movement of freight traffic. There are strict federal guidelines for commercial truck driver rest periods. Rest areas and private truck stops are the only places for the trucks to stop legally and safely. In locations without sufficient parking areas, trucks often park on interstate ramps, which create safety risks for other interstate motorists. Historically, agencies have employed costly and time intensive manual counting methods, camera surveillance, and driver surveys to assess truck parking. Connected truck data, available in near real-time, offers an efficient alternative to practitioners to assess truck parking patterns and identify areas where there may be insufficient safe parking spaces. This paper presents a case study of interstate I-70 in east central Indiana and documents the observed spatiotemporal impacts of a rest area closure on truck parking on nearby interstate ramps. Results showed that there was a 28% increase in parking on ramps during the rest area closure. Analysis also found that ramps closest to the rest area were most impacted by the closure, seeing a rise in truck parking sessions as high as 2.7 times. Parking duration on the ramps during rest area closure also increased drastically. Although it was expected that this would result in increased parking by trucks on adjacent ramps, this before, during, after scenario provided an ideal scenario to evaluate the robustness of these techniques to assess changing parking characteristics of long-haul commercial trucks. The data analytics and visualization tools presented in this study are scalable nationwide and will aid stakeholders in informed data-driven decision making when allocating resources towards improving the nations commercial vehicle parking infrastructure.

关键词： Connected Truck Data Rest Areas Exit Ramps Truck Parking Commercial Vehicles

Channel Flows in Plate Heat Exchangers with the Aid of Particle Tracking Velocimetry

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2024年第3期14卷 163-183页

作者： Felipe José dos Santos Leonel edward Beckedorff Kleber Vieira de Paiva Jorge Luiz Goes Oliveira PETROBRASPetrleo Brasileiro S.A. Rio de Janeiro Brazil Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer Technische Universitt Wien Vienna Austria Department of Mobility Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Joinville Brazil

Channel flows of Plate Heat Exchangers (PHEs) were assessed by experiments with three different chevron angle arrangements in turbulent regime. Two chevron angles were selected to assess low and high pressure drop channels, besides a third mixed configuration as to achieve in-between results regarding hydraulic performance. Friction factor correlations were provided with the channel Reynolds number ranging from 1175 to 8325. Two-dimensional (2D) mean velocity field was obtained by Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV) with Reynolds number equal to 3450. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental study that quantified the complete 2D velocity field of a typical PHE channel. This value allowed comparison with literature results of Plate and Shell Heat Exchanger (PSHE) channels with the same Reynolds number. PSHE mean velocity field is highly heterogeneous as compared to the one obtained for PHE channels. Peak velocity magnitude in the PSHE center is 50% higher than its bulk velocity, whereas this value is only 15% higher in the PHE center. Pressure drop in PHE mixed channels cannot be approximated by averaging chevron angles: furrow flow prevailed in the specified conditions. The axial velocity is asymmetric regarding the vertical plane. Smooth streamlines prevail in the channel inlet. Recirculation zones at the channel exit affect pipe flow in the manifold outlet with swirling flow structures. The necessary length to obtain fully developed pipe flow at the channel outlet was estimated. Significant velocity components occur in the distribution areas and can limit the heat exchanger performance. The results reported herein are essential to understand how the PHE channel geometry affects the velocity field and, therefore, local heat transfer and dissipation processes.

关键词： PHE PTV PSHE Friction Factor Chevron

Prevalence of Taurodontism in a Tertiary Hospital in Ghana

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第5期14卷 206-217页

作者： Philip Boadi Frimpong Adelaide Appau edward Ohene-Marfo Yaw Aboagye Adu-Darko Nii Otu Nartey Department of Basic and Diagnostic Oral Health Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral Pathology University of Ghana Dental School Accra Ghana Department of Community Dentistry University of Ghana Dental School Accra Ghana

Background: Taurodontism is one of the most significant deviations from the normal tooth morphology affecting the molars in both primary and permanent dentition. Taurodontism refers to the Enlargement of the pulp chamber, resulting in its bifurcation pushed toward the apex of a tooth’s root. This study evaluated the prevalence of Taurodontism from radiographs taken at the University of Ghana Dental School Oral Radiology Unit from January 2017 to December 2022. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, panoramic and periapical radiographs of 1000 randomly selected patients who visited the Oral Radiology Unit from January 2017 to December 2022. Radiographs were evaluated for apically displaced pulp chamber. Data was statistically evaluated, and the chi-square test was employed to assess the prevalence of taurodontism in the upper and lower jaws (p Results: Taurodontism was found in 171 radiographs giving it a prevalence of 17.1% of which 57% (98 radiographs) were from females and 43% (73 radiographs) were from males. This finding was not significant (p > 0.05). Taurodontism occurred more in the maxilla (289 teeth, 80.7%) compared to the mandible molars (186 teeth, 64.3%) giving it a ratio of 1.6:1. This finding was highly significant (p Conclusion: Taurodontism is relatively common in the Ghanaian population affecting more females compared to males according to this study. Further studies using a large sample need to be carried out to determine its incidence in the general community.

关键词： Taurodontism Prevalence Maxilla Mandible Molar Teeth

Cellulosomal hemicellulases:Indispensable players for ensuring effective lignocellulose bioconversion

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Green Carbon 2024年第1期2卷 57-69页

作者： Min Xiao Ya-Jun Liu edward A.Bayer Akihiko Kosugi Qiu Cui Yingang Feng CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao 266101China Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Qingdao 266101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biomolecular Sciences The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8499000Israel Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS)1-1 OhwashiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8686Japan

The bioconversion of lignocellulose has attracted global attention,due to the significant potential of agricultural and forestry wastes as renewable zero-carbon resources and the urgent need for substituting fossil *** cellulosome system is a multi-enzyme complex produced by anaerobic bacteria,which comprises cellulases,hemicellulases,and associated enzymatic and non-enzymatic components that promote biomass *** enhance their efficiency in degrading recalcitrant lignocellulosic matrices,cellulosomes have been employed to construct biocatalysts for lignocellulose bioconversion,such as consolidated bioprocessing and consolidated ***,the second most abundant polysaccharides in plant cell walls,hold valuable application potential but can also induce inhibitory effects on cellulose hydrolysis,thus highlighting the indispensable roles of hemicellulases within the cellulosome *** review evaluated current research on cellulosomal hemicellulases,comparing their types,abundance,and regulation,primarily focusing on eight known cellulosome-producing species of different *** also reviewed their growth conditions,their hemicellulose-degrading capabilities,and the inhibitory effects of hemicellulose on cellulosome-based lignocellulose ***,we proposed strategies for targeted enhancement of hemicellulase in cellulosomes to improve lignocellulose bioconversion in future studies.

关键词： Cellulosome Lignocellulose Hemicellulase Saccharification Biocatalyst

Demography and Socio-Economic Aspects on Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and Their Association with the Cultivation of Maize (Zea mays L.) as a Selected Field Crop

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 729-741页

作者： Tsumbedzo Jutas Mavhungu Azwihangwisi edward Nesamvuni Khathutshelo Alfred Tshikolomo Ndivhudzannyi Sylvestor Mpandeli Johan Adriaan van Niekerk Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa Limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Polokwane South Africa Water Research Commission of South Africa Gezina South Africa

The purpose of this study is to correlate demography and socio-economic aspects at Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and their association with the Cultivation of Maize in order to determine its positive impacts at irrigated smallholders’ agricultural entrepreneurs’ household. Chi-square test was used as descriptive analysis method. The Fischer Exact tests were employed to test demography (gender, age, education, and income) in winter and summer production season of irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprises and their association with the cultivation of selected field crop (i.e. maize). The results show that gender results were not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.149, p = 0.011, and φ = 0.05, p = 0.392 in summer. As far as age is concern, it appears to be a statistically significant association between cultivating maize and age in winter, φ = 0.046, p = 0.730 in winter and φ = 0.172, p = 0.013. Education winter result not being statistically significant, the effect size showed a weak association, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.112, p = 0.305 and φ = 0.035, p = 0.948 in summer. Income result not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.049, p = 0.399 and φ = 0.081, p = 0.166 in summer. In conclusion, the study shows that the development of best management practices must be based on a comprehensive analysis of the livelihoods and irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprise farming styles of participating irrigated smallholder agricultural entrepreneurs.

关键词： Maize Association Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises Demography Livelihoods