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Mini-Review:Green sustainable processes using supercritical fluid carbon dioxide

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第6期21卷 720-726页

作者： RAMSEY edward University of Science and Technology Liaoning

Environmentally benign carbon dioxide offers significant potential in its supercritical fluid phase to replace current reliance on a range of hazardous, relatively expensive and environmentally damaging organic solvents that are used on an extensive global basis. The unique combination of the physical properties of supercritical fluids are being exploited and further researched to continue the development and establishment of high efficiency, compact plant to provide energy and water efficient manufacturing processes. This mini-review is focused on the use and potential applications of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide for a selected range of key and emerging industrial processes as a sustainable alternative to totally eliminate or greatly reduce the requirement of numerous conventional organic solvents. Examples of the industries include： chemical extraction and purification, synthetic chemical reactions including polymerization and inorganic catalytic processes. Biochemical reactions involving enzymes, particle size engineering, textile dyeing and advanced material manufacture provide further illustrations of vital industrial activities where supercritical fluid technology processes are being implemented or developed. Some aspects relating to the economics of sustainable supercritical fluid carbon dioxide processes are also considered.

关键词： supercritical extraction synthesis catalysis enzymes polymerization particles dyeing

High-order schemes for predicting computational aeroacoustic propagation with adaptive mesh refinement

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2013年第1期29卷 1-11页

作者： edward Peers Xun Huang State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics College of Engineering Peking University

High-order schemes based on block-structured adaptive mesh refinement method are prepared to solve computational aeroacoustic （CAA） problems with an aim at improving computational efficiency. A number of numerical issues associated with high-order schemes on an adaptively refined mesh, such as stability and accuracy are addressed. Several CAA benchmark problems are used to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the approach.

关键词： Adaptive mesh Aeroacoustics High-order schemes

Two Potent α3/5 Conotoxins from Piscivorous Conus achatinus

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2007年第6期39卷 438-444页

作者： Geoffrey CHEW edward HAWROT Department of Molecular Pharmacology Physiology and Biotechnology Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02903 USA

Every cone snail produces a mixture of different conotoxins and secretes them to immobilize their prey and predators. α3/5 Conotoxins, isolated from fish-hunting cone snails, target muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The structure and function of α3/5 conotoxin from the piscivorous Conus achatinus have not been studied. We synthesized two pentadecamer peptides, Ac 1.1 a and Ac 1.1 b, with appropriate disulfide bonding, based on cDNA sequences of α3/5 conotoxins from C. achatinus. Ac 1.1 a and Ac 1.1 b differ by only one amino acid residue. They have similar potency on blocking recombinant mouse muscle acetylcholine receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, with IC50values of 36 nM and 26 nM, respectively. For Ac 1.1b, deletion of the first three N-terminal amino acids did not change its activity, indicating that the Nterminus is not involved in the interaction with its receptor. Furthermore, our experiments indicate that both toxins strongly prefer the α1-δ subunit interface instead of the α1-γ binding site on the mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These peptides provide additional tools for the study of the structure and function of nicotinic receptor.

关键词： cone snail α3/5 conotoxin disulfide bond nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Sustainable oil-in-water analysis using a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction system directly interfaced with infrared spectroscopy

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第9期22卷 1462-1468页

作者： edward D.Ramsey School of Chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning

A direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction （SFE） system using carbon dioxide provides a sustainable means by which a vast range of industries may continue to depend on well established infrared （IR） techniques to determine oil-in-water. The SFE-IR method provides an environmentally friendly substitute for current national standard IR reference methods for measuring oil-in-water that rely on using increasingly restricted ozone depleting solvents whose manufacture is being phased out in accordance with international law. The SFE-IR analysis of a 500 mL water sample can be accomplished in 15 min. A rapid on-line SFE-IR calibration method has been implemented. With this calibration method, SFE-IR accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples using single wave number measurement was 86.0%-98.8% with precision （RSD） ranging from 2.5%-7.0%. Using a general purpose calculation which involves measuring infrared absorbance values at three different wave numbers, SFE-IR method accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples was 83.7%-92.2% with RSD 1.0%-9.3%. Data is presented that indicates current long established national standard IR reference methods involving three wave number calculations should be reviewed since, without careful consideration, the inclusion of calculated aromatic hydrocarbon species contributions to final oil-in-water concentration values may provide less accurate results.

关键词： oil-in-water supercritical fluid extraction infrared spectroscopy sustainable green technology

Methods for improving thermal tolerance in military personnel prior to deployment

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Military Medical Research 2021年第3期8卷 405-423页

作者： edward Tom Ashworth James David Cotter Andrew edward Kilding Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand(SPRINZ) Auckland University of Technology17 Antares PlaceRosedaleAuckland 0632New Zealand School of Physical Education Sport and Exercise SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtago 9016New Zealand

Acute exposure to heat, such as that experienced by people arriving into a hotter or more humid environment, can compromise physical and cognitive performance as well as health. In military contexts heat stress is exacerbated by the combination of protective clothing, carried loads, and unique activity profiles, making them susceptible to heat illnesses. As the operational environment is dynamic and unpredictable, strategies to minimize the effects of heat should be planned and conducted prior to deployment. This review explores how heat acclimation(HA) prior to deployment may attenuate the effects of heat by initiating physiological and behavioural adaptations to more efficiently and effectively protect thermal homeostasis, thereby improving performance and reducing heat illness risk. HA usually requires access to heat chamber facilities and takes weeks to conduct, which can often make it impractical and infeasible, especially if there are other training requirements and expectations. Recent research in athletic populations has produced protocols that are more feasible and accessible by reducing the time taken to induce adaptations, as well as exploring new methods such as passive HA. These protocols use shorter HA periods or minimise additional training requirements respectively, while still invoking key physiological adaptations, such as lowered core temperature, reduced heart rate and increased sweat rate at a given intensity. For deployments of special units at short notice(< 1 day) it might be optimal to use heat re-acclimation to maintain an elevated baseline of heat tolerance for long periods in anticipation of such an event. Methods practical for military groups are yet to be fully understood, therefore further investigation into the effectiveness of HA methods is required to establish the most effective and feasible approach to implement them within military groups.

关键词： Heat acclimation Thermoregulation Heat illness Physiology Human Conditioning Military

On Building Practical Biocomputers for Real-world Applications： Receptacles for Culturing Slime Mould Memristors and Component Standardisation

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第1期14卷 151-162页

作者： edward Braund Eduardo Reck Miranda Interdisciplinary Centre for Computer Music Research (ICCMR) The House Plymouth University Drake Circus UK PL4 8AA

Our application of bionic engineering is novel： we are interested in developing hybrid hardware-wetware systems for music. This paper introduces receptacles for culturing Physarum polycephalum-based memristors that are highly accessible to the creative practitioner. The myxomycete Physarum polycephalum is an amorphous unicellular organism that has been found to exhibit memristive properties. Such a discovery has potential to allow us to move towards engineering electrical systems that encompass Physarum polycephalum components. To realise this potential, it is necessary to address some of the constraints associated with harnessing living biological entities in systems for real-time application. Within the paper, we present 3D printed receptacles designed to standardise both the production of components and memristive observations. Subsequent testing showed a significant decrease in growth time, increased lifespan, and superior similarity in component-to-component responses. The results indicate that our receptacle design may provide means of implementing hybrid electrical systems for music technology.

关键词： unconventional computing Physarum polycephalum computer music biological computing memristor

Clinical features and management of autoimmune hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第21期14卷 3301-3305页

作者： edward L Krawitt Departments of Medicine University of VermontBurlingtonVermontand Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireVermont 05405-0068United States

Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH) is a chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology which can progress to *** clinical manifestations are highly variable and some-times follow a fluctuating *** is based on characteristic histologic,clinical,biochemical and sero-logical ***-inflammatory/immunosuppressive treatment frequently induces remission but long-term maintenance therapy is often *** transplan-tation is generally successful in patients with decompen-sated cirrhosis unresponsive to or intolerant of medical therapy.

关键词： Autoimmunity Autoimmune hepatitis Chronic hepatitis Cirrhosis Liver disease

Nanosecond laser preheating effect on ablation morphology and plasma emission in collinear dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第11期24卷 145-150页

作者： Na LI edward HAREFA Weidong ZHOU Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004People’s Republic of China

Focus-offset collinear dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is designed and used to investigate the laser ablation and spectral intensity with an aluminum alloy *** laser crater morphologies and ablation volumes were *** inter-pulse time delay dependent ablation efficiency on a nanosecond laser-heated sample was observed,which was similar to the trend of spectral intensity versus inter-pulse time delay in the delay time less than 3μ*** on the observation,the nanosecond pulse laser preheating effect on subsequent second laser ablation and signal enhancement is discussed,which will be helpful for understanding the ablation and signal enhancement mechanism in the standard collinear DP-LIBS technique.

关键词： enhancement mechanism laser ablation crater morphology target preheating

Six psychotropics for pre-symptomatic ＆ early Alzheimer＇s (MCI), Parkinson＇s, and Huntington＇s disease modification

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第11期11卷 1712-1726页

作者： edward C. Lauterbach Psychiatry and Neurology Mercer University School of Medicine Macon GA USA

The quest for neuroprotective drugs to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases （NDDs）, including Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, Parkinson＇s disease （PD）, and Huntington＇s disease （HD）, has been largely unrewarding. Preclinical evidence suggests that repurposing quetiapine, lithium, valproate, fluoxetine, donepezil, and memantine for early and pre-symptomatic disease-modification in NDDs may be promising and can spare regulatory barriers. The literature of these psychotropics in early stage and pre-symptomatic AD, PD, and HD is reviewed and propitious findings follow. Mild cognitive impairment （MCI） phase of AD： salutary human randomized controlled trial findings for low-dose lithium and, in selected patients, donepezil await replication. Pre-symptomatic AD： human epidemiological data indicate that lithium reduc- es AD risk. Animal model studies （AMS） reveal encouraging results for quetiapine, lithium, donepezil, and memantine. Early PD： valproate AMS findings show promise. Pre-symptomatic PD： lithium and valproate AMS findings are encouraging. Early HD： uncontrolled clinical data indicate non-progression with lithium, fluoxetine, donepezil, and memantine. Pre-symptomatic HD： lithium and valproate are auspicious in AMS. Many other promising findings awaiting replication （valproate in MCI; lithium, valproate, fluoxetine in pre-symptomatic AD; lithium in early PD; lithium, valproate, fluoxetine in pre-symptomatic PD; donepezil in early HD; lithium, fluoxetine, memantine in pre-symptomatic HD） are reviewed. Dose- and stage-dependent effects are considered. Suggestions for signal-enhancement in human trials are provided for each NDD stage.

关键词： drug repositioning neuroprotective agents psychotropic drugs neurodegenerative diseases mildcognitive impairment humans animals animal models