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Cellulosomal hemicellulases:Indispensable players for ensuring effective lignocellulose bioconversion

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Green Carbon 2024年第1期2卷 57-69页

作者： Min Xiao Ya-Jun liu edward A.Bayer Akihiko Kosugi Qiu Cui Yingang Feng CAS Key laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Provincial Key laboratory of Synthetic Biology Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Engineering laboratory of Single Cell Oil Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao 266101China Qingdao New Energy Shandong laboratory Qingdao 266101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Biomolecular Sciences The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Department of life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer-Sheva 8499000Israel Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS)1-1 OhwashiTsukubaIbaraki 305-8686Japan

The bioconversion of lignocellulose has attracted global attention,due to the significant potential of agricultural and forestry wastes as renewable zero-carbon resources and the urgent need for substituting fossil *** cellulosome system is a multi-enzyme complex produced by anaerobic bacteria,which comprises cellulases,hemicellulases,and associated enzymatic and non-enzymatic components that promote biomass *** enhance their efficiency in degrading recalcitrant lignocellulosic matrices,cellulosomes have been employed to construct biocatalysts for lignocellulose bioconversion,such as consolidated bioprocessing and consolidated ***,the second most abundant polysaccharides in plant cell walls,hold valuable application potential but can also induce inhibitory effects on cellulose hydrolysis,thus highlighting the indispensable roles of hemicellulases within the cellulosome *** review evaluated current research on cellulosomal hemicellulases,comparing their types,abundance,and regulation,primarily focusing on eight known cellulosome-producing species of different *** also reviewed their growth conditions,their hemicellulose-degrading capabilities,and the inhibitory effects of hemicellulose on cellulosome-based lignocellulose ***,we proposed strategies for targeted enhancement of hemicellulase in cellulosomes to improve lignocellulose bioconversion in future studies.

关键词： Cellulosome lignocellulose Hemicellulase Saccharification Biocatalyst

Demography and Socio-Economic Aspects on Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and Their Association with the Cultivation of Maize (Zea mays l.) as a Selected Field Crop

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 729-741页

作者： Tsumbedzo Jutas Mavhungu Azwihangwisi edward Nesamvuni Khathutshelo Alfred Tshikolomo Ndivhudzannyi Sylvestor Mpandeli Johan Adriaan van Niekerk Department of Sustainable Food Systems and Development University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa limpopo Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Polokwane South Africa Water Research Commission of South Africa Gezina South Africa

The purpose of this study is to correlate demography and socio-economic aspects at Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises and their association with the Cultivation of Maize in order to determine its positive impacts at irrigated smallholders’ agricultural entrepreneurs’ household. Chi-square test was used as descriptive analysis method. The Fischer Exact tests were employed to test demography (gender, age, education, and income) in winter and summer production season of irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprises and their association with the cultivation of selected field crop (i.e. maize). The results show that gender results were not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.149, p = 0.011, and φ = 0.05, p = 0.392 in summer. As far as age is concern, it appears to be a statistically significant association between cultivating maize and age in winter, φ = 0.046, p = 0.730 in winter and φ = 0.172, p = 0.013. Education winter result not being statistically significant, the effect size showed a weak association, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.112, p = 0.305 and φ = 0.035, p = 0.948 in summer. Income result not being statistically significant, as measured by the Phi measure of effect size, φ = 0.049, p = 0.399 and φ = 0.081, p = 0.166 in summer. In conclusion, the study shows that the development of best management practices must be based on a comprehensive analysis of the livelihoods and irrigated smallholder agricultural enterprise farming styles of participating irrigated smallholder agricultural entrepreneurs.

关键词： Maize Association Irrigated Smallholder Agricultural Enterprises Demography livelihoods

Vapor-phase decomposition of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP),a sarin surrogate,in presence of metal oxides

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第4期17卷 1095-1114页

作者： Shomik Mukhopadhyay Mirko Schoenitz edward l.Dreizin New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJUSA

Chemical warfare agents(CWA)are stockpiled in large quantities across the *** stored in inaccessible facilities need to be destroyed rapidly without dispersing the compounds to surrounding ***-based energetic formulations are used in such prompt defeat applications to rapidly decompose the CWA by generating a high temperature *** alternate,and possibly a more effective decomposition pathway could be provided by chemicidal action of aerosolized condensed combustion products,which typically consist of metal *** fumes that escape the high temperature blast zone can be neutralized by smoke generated during combustion,depending on the particle size,surface characteristics,chemical properties,and concentration of this *** review considers relevant experimental and modeling studies quantifying decomposition of CWA comprising organophosphorus compounds and their surrogates on the surface of various metal *** methylphosphonate(DMMP),a sarine surrogate,was used most commonly for such *** reported efforts focused on the mechanisms of adsorption of DMMP to various metal oxides and initial reaction steps cleaving various bonds from the chemisorbed *** selected oxides,these experiments were supported by quantum-mechanical *** other studies,the capacity of oxide surfaces to adsorb and decompose DMMP was *** most cases,porous catalysts were used although limited experimental data are available for aerosolized nonporous oxide *** reported experimental data applicable to scenarios involving prompt decomposition of CWA are *** is noted that information is lacking describing respective heterogeneous reaction *** estimates of aerosolized smoke particle concentrations required to destroy CWA are made considering gas phase diffusion rates and reported values of the oxide capacity to decompose CWA or their surrogates.

关键词： Chemical weapon agents Prompt defeat Metal combustion Heterogeneous reactions

Rapid destruction of sarin surrogates by gas phase reactions with focus on diisopropyl methylphosphonate(DIMP)

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第3期17卷 703-714页

作者： Elif Irem Senyurt Mirko Schoenitz edward l.Dreizin New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102USA Tomsk State University TomskRussia

Rapid destruction of stockpiles of sarin and other chemical weapon agents(CWA)requires understanding and quantitative description of the relevant chemical *** reactions at elevated temperatures are of particular interest for prompt agent defeat *** methylphosphonate(DIMP)is a sarin surrogate particularly well suited to model sarin thermal decomposition and is often used in *** article is a review of different experimental methods addressing decomposition of gasified DIMP,respective results and their *** early decomposition products are propene,methylphosphonic acid,methyl(oxo)phosphoniumolate,and *** computational work using available kinetic data for fluorine and the phosphorus-fluorine bond predicted the decomposition under incineration *** using an isothermal flow reactor operated at 700-800 K were used to model DIMP decomposition as unimolecular reaction with results that were consistent with the earlier theoretical *** in dynamic environments was studied using DIMP supported on rapidly heated *** results showed different decomposition products and product sequences forming at different heating rates,suggesting the need for revised reaction ***,species quantification in such experiments is difficult because of inherent large temperature *** produced in a corona discharge was also reported to lead to rapid DIMP decomposition at low *** products were distinct from those observed at high *** tube experiments may be well suited to study decomposition of organophosphorus compounds like DIMP following their rapid heating in diverse ***,presently,only sarin surrogates other than DIMP have been investigated,and no intermediate reaction products,important for developing a validated mechanism,could be detected.

关键词： Chemical weapon agent Agent defeat Thermal decomposition Incineration Prompt reactions

Oviposition Site Preference and Its Effects on Subsequent Development of Variegated Grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus l.) under laboratory Conditions

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第3期12卷 143-154页

作者： Saffea Joseph Torto Abu James Sundufu Alusaine edward Samura Sahr Ngoba Fomba Dennis Peter Musa Skeku Alfred Kanu Prince Emmanuel Norman Department of Crop Protection School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala Sierra Leone Department of Horticulture School of Natural Resources Management Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Department of Crop Science School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Njala University Njala Sierra Leone Germplasm Enhancement and Seeds Systems Sierra Leone Agricultural Research Institute Freetown Sierra Leone

Female grasshoppers can affect the fitness of their offspring through their selection of oviposition site. Knowledge of soil type on oviposition, and its effects on subsequent development can provide guidelines for habitat manipulations that reduce the harmful effects of these pests on farmers fields. The influence of soil types on the oviposition site preference of variegated grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus l.) reared some cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties, was investigated in a cage trial carried out at the Bio factory laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Njala University, Sierra leone during 2022/2023. The treatments comprised three soil types (Sandy, loamy and Clay), each with three replications laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in wooden cages. Data were collected on the following development parameters including, Net reproductive growth ratio (R0), Generation time (Tc), Intrinsic rate of increase (rm), Finite rate of increase (), Doubling time (Dt), and overall survivorship. Findings revealed that, Z. variegatus l. preferred sandy soil in which, on average, most eggs were deposited (338, 6.62 4.40), followed by loamy soil, 286 (5.53 3.96), and then, clayey soil, 200 (3.91 3.85);though, the differences were not significant. This study established that Z. variegatus deposited more eggs in sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil, respectively;and subsequent survivorship of the immature unto mature adult insect, revealed a similar order. This indicates that the sandy soil is the most preferred substrate for oviposition and subsequent development into adult insects.

关键词： Development Oviposition Oviposition Site Preference Soil Types Variegated Grasshopper

The ascent of immune checkpoint inhibitors： is the understudy ready for a leading role？

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2017年第4期14卷 341-347页

作者： Amy l. Cummings edward B. Garon Department of Hematology and Oncology David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles 90095 USA

The recent approval of pembrolizumab as second-line treatment for any solid tumor with high-level microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency agnostic of tissue and origin1 has shattered a glass ceiling for immune checkpoint *** longer bound to a specific cancer diagnosis but rather a biomarker,pembrolizumab has heightened a burgeoning optimism towards the drug *** how these agents should carve out additional

关键词： PD The ascent of immune checkpoint inhibitors:is the understudy ready for a leading role PFS OS ORR IHC

High energy neutron and pion-decay gamma-ray emissions from solar flares

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第1期9卷 11-40页

作者： edward l.Chupp James M.Ryan Physics Department and Space Science Center in the Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire

Solar flare gamma-ray emissions from energetic ions and electrons have been detected and measured to GeV energies since 1980. In addition, neutrons produced in solar flares with 100 MeV to GeV energies have been observed at the Earth. These emissions are produced by the highest energy ions and electrons accelerated at the Sun and they provide our only direct （albeit secondary） knowledge about the properties of the accelerator（s） acting in a solar flare. The solar flares, which have direct evidence for pion-decay gamma-rays, are unique and are the focus of this paper. We review our current knowledge of the highest energy solar emissions, and how the characteristics of the acceleration process are deduced from the observations. Results from the RHESSI, INTEGRAl and CORONAS missions will also be covered. The review will also cover the solar flare capabilities of the new mission, FERMI GAMMA RAY SPACE TElESCOPE, launched on 2008 June II. Finally, we discuss the requirements for future missions to advance this vital area of solar flare physics.

关键词： Sun -- Flares -- Particle Acceleration-Meson Production

Real-time embedded multithreading using ThreadX and MIPS ++edward l. lamie.

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Real-time embedded multithreading using ThreadX and MIPS ++E...

Differential Splicing of Skipped Exons Predicts Drug Response in Cancer Cell lines

1000年

作者： edward l. lamie.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

关键词： Embedded computer systems Realtime programming. Parallel processing (Electronic computers)

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2021年第6期19卷 901-912页

作者： edward Simpson Steven Chen Jill l.Reiter Yunlong liu Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of BioHealth Informatics School of Informatics and ComputingIndiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA transcripts is an important regulatory mechanism that increases the diversity of gene products in *** studies have linked specific transcript isoforms to altered drug response in cancer;however,few algorithms have incorporated splicing information into drug response *** this study,we evaluated whether basal-level splicing information could be used to predict drug sensitivity by constructing doxorubicin-sensitivity classification models with splicing and expression *** detailed splicing differences between sensitive and resistant cell lines by implementing quasi-binomial generalized linear modeling(QBGlM)and found altered inclusion of 277 skipped *** additionally conducted RNA-binding protein(RBP)binding motif enrichment and differential ex-pression analysis to characterize cis-and trans-acting elements that potentially influence doxorubicin response-mediating splicing *** results showed that a classification model built with skipped exon data exhibited strong predictive *** discovered an association between differentially spliced events and epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)and observed motif enrichment,as well as differential expression of RBFOX and ElAVl RBP family *** work demonstrates the potential of incorporating splicing data into drug response algorithms and the utility of a QBGlM approach for fast,scalable identification of relevant splicing differences between large groups of samples.

关键词： Alternative splicing Transcript isoform Splicing regulation Drug sensitivity Precision medicine