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Short-term effect of supplemental yeast extract without or with feed enzymes on growth performance, immune status and gut structure of weaned pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 378-390页

作者： Samuel M.Waititu Fugui Yin Rob Patterson Juan C.Rodriguez-Lecompte charles M.Nyachoti Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba201-12 Dafoe RoadWinnipegM6 R3T 2N2Canada Canadian Bio-systems Inc. CalgaryAB T2C OJTCanada Atlantic Veterinary College University of Prince Edward IslandCharlottetownPE C1A 4P3Canada

Background： This study investigated the response of piglets receiving a yeast extract without or with a multi-enzyme mixture compared with an antimicrobial growth promoter（AGP） on performance, immune status and gut structure after an E. coli lipopolysaccharide（LPS） challenge. Thirty-six pigs were allotted to six treatments including： a non-challenged control（NCC）; LPS-challenged control（CC）; CC ＋ AGP; CC ＋ yeast extract; CC ＋ enzymes; and CC ＋ enzymes ＋ yeast extract. On d 7, pigs were bled and thereafter injected with LPS or sterile saline. Blood samples were collected at 6, 48, and 96 h post-challenge. After 96 h post-challenge, pigs were euthanized to obtain duodenal, jejunal and ileal ***： Overall（d 1 to 11）, compared with CC pigs, AGP attenuated the LPS-induced reduction in ADG（P = 0.004）,ADFI（P = 0.03） and gain/feed ratio（P = 0.01）. At 6 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower plasma urea N（PUN; P = 0.02）and serum TNF-α concentration（P = 0.07）, and higher platelet count（P = 0.04） and serum IL-10 concentration（P = 0.02） than CC pigs. At 48 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN（P = 0.02） than CC pigs, whereas enzymes ＋ yeast extract interacted non-additively（P = 0.001） to reduce PUN. At 96 h post-challenge, AGP pigs had lower PUN（P = 0.02）and higher duodenal（P = 0.03）, jejunal（P = 0.01） and ileal（P = 0.07） villus height than CC pigs. In addition, enzymes ＋yeast extract interacted additively and non-additively to reduce ileal IFN-γ（P 0.10） were observed between AGP and enzymes ＋ yeast extract pigs on other measured parameters except for the downregulation of ileal IFN-γ（P ＆lt; 0.0001） and TNF-α（P = 0.003） in enzymes ＋ yeast extract pigs at 96 h ***： The LPS challenged piglets receiving enzymes ＋ yeast extract showed beneficial responses in gut structure and immunity commensurate with those receiving antibiotics, though the latter had better overall growth performance.

关键词： Antimicrobial growth promoter Feed enzymes Growth performance Immunity Nucleotides Piglets

The apple REFPOP—a reference population for genomics-assisted breeding in apple

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 364-379页

作者： Michaela Jung Morgane Roth Maria JoséAranzana Annemarie Auwerkerken Marco Bink Caroline Denancé Christian Dujak charles-Eric Durel Carolina Font i Forcada Celia M.Cantin Walter Guerra Nicholas P.Howard Beat Keller Mariusz Lewandowski Matthew Ordidge Marijn Rymenants Nadia Sanin Bruno Studer edward Zurawicz François Laurens Andrea Patocchi Hélène Muranty Molecular Plant Breeding Institute of Agricultural SciencesETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland Breeding Research group Agroscope 8820 WädenswilSwitzerland IRTA(Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries) 08140 Caldes de MontbuiBarcelonaSpain Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG)CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UAB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Better3fruit N.V. 3202 RillaarBelgium Biometris Wageningen University and Research6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands Hendrix Genetics Research Technology and Services B.V.PO Box 1145830AC BoxmeerThe Netherlands IRHS Universitéd’AngersINRAEInstitut AgroSFR 4207 QuaSaV49071 BeaucouzéFrance ARAID(Fundación Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo) 50018 ZaragozaSpain Research Centre Laimburg 39040 AuerItaly Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences University of Oldenburg26129 OldenburgGermany Research Institute of Horticulture 96-100 SkierniewicePoland School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingWhiteknights RG66AR ReadingUK Laboratory for Plant Genetics and Crop Improvement KU Leuven B-3001 LeuvenBelgium GAFL INRAE84140 MontfavetFrance

Breeding of apple is a long-term and costly process due to the time and space requirements for screening selection ***-assisted breeding utilizes genomic and phenotypic information to increase the selection efficiency in breeding programs,and measurements of phenotypes in different environments can facilitate the application of the approach under various climatic *** we present an apple reference population:the apple REFPOP,a large collection formed of 534 genotypes planted in six European countries,as a unique tool to accelerate apple *** population consisted of 269 accessions and 265 progeny from 27 parental combinations,representing the diversity in cultivated apple and current European breeding material,respectively.A high-density genome-wide dataset of 303,239 SNPs was produced as a combined output of two SNP arrays of different densities using marker imputation with an imputation accuracy of *** on the genotypic data,linkage disequilibrium was low and population structure was *** well-studied phenological traits of horticultural importance were *** found marker–trait associations in several previously identified genomic regions and maximum predictive abilities of 0.57 and 0.75 for floral emergence and harvest date,*** decreasing SNP density,the detection of significant marker–trait associations varied depending on trait *** of the trait,10,000 SNPs sufficed to maximize genomic prediction *** confirm the suitability of the apple REFPOP design for genomics-assisted breeding,especially for breeding programs using related germplasm,and emphasize the advantages of a coordinated and multinational effort for customizing apple breeding methods in the genomics era.

关键词： breeding planted utilize

Anti-tumour necrosis factor agent and liver injury:literature review,recommendations for management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17352-17359页

作者： Roberta Elisa Rossi Ioanna Parisi edward John Despott Andrew Kenneth Burroughs James O'Beirne Dario Conte Mark Ian Hamilton charles Daniel Murray Centre for Gastroenterology Royal Free HospitalLondon NW3 2QGUnited Kingdom Department of Pathophysiology and Organ Transplant Universita’ degli Studi di Milano20122 MilanoItaly Division of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Fondazione IRCCS Ca' GrandaOspedale Maggiore Policlinico20122 MilanoItaly Sheila Sherlock Liver Centre Royal Free Hospital and Institute of Liver and Digestive HealthLondon NW3 2PFUnited Kingdom

Abnormalities in liver function tests,including transient and self-limiting hypertransaminasemia,cholestatic disease and hepatitis,can develop during treatment with anti-tumour-necrosis-factor(TNF)*** optimal management of liver injury related to antiTNF therapy is still a matter of *** some authors recommend discontinuing treatment in case of both a rise of alanine aminotransferase more than5 times the upper limit of normal,or the occurrence of jaundice,there are no standard guidelines for the management of anti-TNF-related liver *** searches were performed in Pub Med,using the following key words:inflammatory bowel disease(IBD);TNF inhibitors;hypertransaminasemia;drugrelated liver injury;*** to published data,elevation of transaminases in patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF is a common finding,but resolution appears to be the usual ***-TNF agents seem to be safe with a low risk of causing severe drugrelated liver *** to our centre experience,we found that hypertransaminasemia was a common,mainly self-limiting finding in our IBD cohort and was not correlated to infliximab treatment on both univariate and multivariate *** algorithm for the management of liver impairment occurring during antiTNF treatment is also proposed and this highlights the need of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests liver biopsy as a key-point in the management decision in case of severe rise of ***,hepatic injury is generally self-limiting and drug withdrawal seems to be an exception.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Tumour necrosis factor

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根据机织物的机械性质预测织物手感

国外纺织技术 1980年第27期 8-11页

作者： charles J.Kim edward A.Vanghn 李永椿

纺织工业的基本要素是纤维、纱线、织物和整理。在这些领域中的任一方面发生较重要的工艺进展时,其结果就会有新产品引入服装或家俱市场上去,首先试用的品质评定之一是织物手感。评定织物手感的一种途径是测量物理手感参数。它假设手感... 详细信息

纺织工业的基本要素是纤维、纱线、织物和整理。在这些领域中的任一方面发生较重要的工艺进展时,其结果就会有新产品引入服装或家俱市场上去,首先试用的品质评定之一是织物手感。评定织物手感的一种途径是测量物理手感参数。它假设手感现象是机械性能的结果,如果选择适当的物理参数,则手感现象完全可以由织物的机械性质来表示。这种概念具有一定的优点,它用组成的力学参数表示织物手感,因而避免了在纯粹主观评定中

关键词：织物手感机织物机织产品弯曲试验仪

Through-needle all-optical ultrasound imaging in vivo: a preclinical swine study

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 70-76页

作者： Malcolm C Finlay charles A Mosse Richard J Colchester Sacha Noimark edward Z Zhang Sebastien Ourselin Paul C Beard Richard J Schilling Ivan P Parkin Ioannis Papakonstantinou Adrien E Desjardins William Harvey Cardiovascular Research Institute Queen Mary University of London and Barts Heart CentreLondon EC1A 7BEUK Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences University College LondonCharles Bell House67-73 Riding House StreetLondon W1W 7EJUK UCL Centre for Materials Research Department of ChemistryUniversity College LondonLondon WC1H 0AJUK Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK

High-frequency ultrasound imaging can provide exquisite visualizations of tissue to guide minimally invasive ***,we demonstrate that an all-optical ultrasound transducer,through which light guided by optical fibers is used to generate and receive ultrasound,is suitable for real-time invasive medical imaging in ***-bandwidth ultrasound generation was achieved through the photoacoustic excitation of a multiwalled carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane composite coating on the distal end of a 300-μm multi-mode optical fiber by a pulsed *** interrogation of a high-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavity on a single-mode optical fiber by a wavelength-tunable continuous-wave laser was applied for ultrasound *** transducer was integrated within a custom inner transseptal needle(diameter 1.08 mm;length 78 cm)that included a metallic septum to acoustically isolate the two optical *** use of this needle within the beating heart of a pig provided unprecedented realtime views(50 Hz scan rate)of cardiac tissue(depth:2.5 cm;axial resolution:64μm)and revealed the critical anatomical structures required to safely perform a transseptal crossing:the right and left atrial walls,the right atrial appendage,and the limbus fossae *** new paradigm will allow ultrasound imaging to be integrated into a broad range of minimally invasive devices in different clinical contexts.

关键词： cardiac medical devices optoacoustic photoacoustic ultrasound

叶色与养分水平——可作为火炬松林施肥的指示物

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福建林业科技 1989年第2期16卷 76-77页

作者： charles R.BLIMr edward R.BOCKNER 王光玉

火炬松类美国种植最广的一种松树。虽然其自然分布区(阿巴拉契山脉的西部)只接近于田纳西州界的南部,但火炬松在其自然分布区以北几百英哩的地区,仍然是造林的主要树种。冬季火炬松当年生叶颜色变黄类在其自然分布区北部及其更北的人工... 详细信息

火炬松类美国种植最广的一种松树。虽然其自然分布区(阿巴拉契山脉的西部)只接近于田纳西州界的南部,但火炬松在其自然分布区以北几百英哩的地区,仍然是造林的主要树种。冬季火炬松当年生叶颜色变黄类在其自然分布区北部及其更北的人工林中常见现象,其他南方松的这种黄叶现象常与土壤矿物养分严重缺乏有关。由于火炬松这种现象很普遍,林学家们倾向于认为这是由于气候寒冷引起的。在这种环境下,能否将冬季叶色变黄作为内陆山地火炬松类分含量的指标呢?。

关键词：叶色养分火炬松施肥标志

叶子颜色和营养水平——火炬松可作为森林土壤改良的指示树种

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甘肃林业科技 1988年第1期 61-63页

作者： charles R.Blinn edward R.Buckner 惠晓萍甘肃省林科所

火炬松是美国种植最广泛的松树,它的天然分布区虽然接近田纳西州南部边界的阿巴拉契亚山西部,但它还是向北几百英里森林区域内的主要造林树种。冬季,在火炬松天然分布区北部和更靠北的人工林中叶子普遍变黄,这种变黄在其它南部松林中通... 详细信息

火炬松是美国种植最广泛的松树,它的天然分布区虽然接近田纳西州南部边界的阿巴拉契亚山西部,但它还是向北几百英里森林区域内的主要造林树种。冬季,在火炬松天然分布区北部和更靠北的人工林中叶子普遍变黄,这种变黄在其它南部松林中通常与早期矿物质缺乏有关。火炬松林中的林地条件低劣,林业工作者认为在冬季这种现象很正常,因此,能否将火炬松冬季的叶子变黄做为国内高山地区火炬松营养含量的

关键词：色度火炬松北美刺果松营养水平树种

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酸雨对酸性土壤的影响—一种新见解

环境科学研究 1984年第10期 74-82页

作者： edward C.Krug charles R.Frink 侯之学黄守政

普遍认为,北美和北欧地区土壤和水的酸化是酸雨所致.然而,通常认为,使地表易受酸雨酸化作用影响的因素,与早已了解的在土壤自然形成的整个过程中使土壤严重酸化的因素是相同的.正在遭受酸化的地区,又已经恢复了极其粗略的土地利用制度.... 详细信息

普遍认为,北美和北欧地区土壤和水的酸化是酸雨所致.然而,通常认为,使地表易受酸雨酸化作用影响的因素,与早已了解的在土壤自然形成的整个过程中使土壤严重酸化的因素是相同的.正在遭受酸化的地区,又已经恢复了极其粗略的土地利用制度.显然,在由于土地利用及随之发生的植物演替变化所引起的长期酸化作用下,又增加了酸雨的酸化作用.因此,必须以评价所提出的减少二氧化硫及氮氧化物排放量的预期效益为基准,仔细考察酸雨、酸性土壤和植被之间的相互作用,

关键词：酸雨危害酸性土壤土地利用制度氮氧化物排放北欧地区矿质土壤预期效益灰壤交换性盐基江河湖泊

采用分析方法、毒理学和风险评估研究评估多环芳烃：以石油泄漏后海产品安全为案例

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环境与职业医学 2014年第6期31卷 494-497页

作者： Jeffrey Wickliffe edward Overton Scott Frickel Jessi Howard Mark Wilson Bridget Simon Stephen Echsner Daniel Nguyen David Gauthe Diane Blake charles Miller Cornelis Elferink Shakeel Ansari Harshica Ferno edward Trapido Andrew Kane 张晶汪源金泰廙 Department of Global Environmental Health Sciences Tulane University Department of Environmental Sciences Louisiana State University Department of Sociology Washington State University Mary Queen of Vietnam Community Development Corporation Inc.New Orleans LouisianaUSA Bayou Interfaith Shared Community Organizing Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Texas Medical Branch Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Texas Medical Branch Department of Epidemiology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Department of Environmental and Global Health University of Florida

[背景]多环芳香烃(PAHs)是一种大量蔓延的环境化学物质。它们可通过自然和人为过程产生,通常存在于有机介质(包括石油)中。有几种PAHs是有毒的,其中一些还表现出致癌活性。PAHs以含有两个及以上苯环的一系列化学结构为特征,根据它们的来... 详细信息

[背景]多环芳香烃(PAHs)是一种大量蔓延的环境化学物质。它们可通过自然和人为过程产生,通常存在于有机介质(包括石油)中。有几种PAHs是有毒的,其中一些还表现出致癌活性。PAHs以含有两个及以上苯环的一系列化学结构为特征,根据它们的来源,可以通过氧化、氮化和烷基化表现出多种侧链修饰。[目的]讨论当代分析方法日益增加的能力,其不仅可以分辨PAHs中不同的化学结构,而且可以识别它们在环境介质中的浓度。本文以深水地平线事故后海产品污染为例,确定由于个别PAHs的分析灵敏度增加而在PAHs风险评估过程中出现的一些问题,并描述其中许多化合物的毒理学文献缺乏的现状。[讨论]PAHs,包括种类繁多的经化学修饰或取代的PAHs,是自然产生的,如果人群暴露于有害水平就可能会遭受健康风险。然而,目前的毒性评估并没有跟上现代分析方法及其对于被替代的PAHs不断增加的检测能力。因此,尽管我们可以在海产品和其他媒介中检测这些化合物,但并没有足够的关于这些化合物的潜在毒性信息,无法将它们用于人类健康风险评估和特征描述。[结论]今后的研究工作应该尝试从战略上填补这一毒理学知识欠缺,从而更好地进行环境介质或食物中关于PAHs的人体健康风险评估。这对于石油泄漏之后的影响尤为重要。

关键词：健康风险评估毒理学产品安全石油多环芳烃泄漏 PAHs 案例