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Two Potent α3/5 conotoxins from Piscivorous conus achatinus

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2007年第6期39卷 438-444页

作者： Geoffrey cHEW edward HAWROT Department of Molecular Pharmacology Physiology and Biotechnology Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02903 USA

Every cone snail produces a mixture of different conotoxins and secretes them to immobilize their prey and predators. α3/5 conotoxins, isolated from fish-hunting cone snails, target muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The structure and function of α3/5 conotoxin from the piscivorous conus achatinus have not been studied. We synthesized two pentadecamer peptides, Ac 1.1 a and Ac 1.1 b, with appropriate disulfide bonding, based on cDNA sequences of α3/5 conotoxins from c. achatinus. Ac 1.1 a and Ac 1.1 b differ by only one amino acid residue. They have similar potency on blocking recombinant mouse muscle acetylcholine receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, with Ic50values of 36 nM and 26 nM, respectively. For Ac 1.1b, deletion of the first three N-terminal amino acids did not change its activity, indicating that the Nterminus is not involved in the interaction with its receptor. Furthermore, our experiments indicate that both toxins strongly prefer the α1-δ subunit interface instead of the α1-γ binding site on the mouse muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These peptides provide additional tools for the study of the structure and function of nicotinic receptor.

关键词： cone snail α3/5 conotoxin disulfide bond nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Studies on the Lattice Distortion and Substructures of Shocked Lamellae in Naturally Shocked Quartz

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Acta Geochimica 1987年第1期6卷 19-32页

作者：谢先德 edward c. T. cHAO Institute of Geochemistry Academia Sinica United States Geological Survey Mailstop 929 Reston Va 22092 United States of America

One unshocked and 9 naturally shocked single quartz crystal grains with 1-6 sets of shock lamellaefrom the Ries, West Germany, and the Lake Lappajarvi, Finland, covering a range from unshocked quartzwith _disibledevent=1.544 to nearly completely glassy quartz with _disibledevent=1.461 have been used for X-ray precessionand Laue investigations. Four of the shocked grains have preliminarily been studied under a transmissionelectron microscope. It is found that quartz having No less than 1.539 shows intensive anisotropic cellexpansion and lattice disordering which gradually increase as No decreases. Shock-induced lattice distortionof quartz is clearly shown on both precession and Laue photographs. For the weakly shocked quartz (pced spreading of spots is observed. When the pressure reaches 200 kb, both concentricspreading of spots having long ‘tails' and concentric rings (powder pattern) are revealed on the samephotograph, which means that besides a part of single crystal there also exist randomly oriented tiny‘fragments' of quartz in this shocked quartz grain. As pressure increases from 230 to 315 kb, more and morecrystalline puases in the quartz grains have transformed from solid state into silica glass, and the concentricrings and the long ‘tails' disappear and the spot spreading becomes slight again, but reflection intensitiesbecome much lower in comparison with those of weakly shocked quartz. TEM investigations show three kinds of substructures of shock lamellae. The glass contents of two ofthe four grains (73% and 84% respectively) were measured on TEM photographs with the help of an imageanalysis system. On the basis of above investigations a six-terminal-state model for the mechanism of deformation inshock metamorphosed quartz is presented.

关键词： Studies on the Lattice Distortion and Substructures of Shocked Lamellae in Naturally Shocked Quartz

complete response to radiation therapy of orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第47期15卷 6000-6003页

作者： Allison M Quick Mark Bloomston edward Y Kim Nathan c Hall Nina A Mayr Department of Radiation Medicine Arthur G.James Cancer HospitalThe Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210 United States Department of Surgical Oncology The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210 United States Department of Radiology The Ohio State University Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(Hcc)is increasing in the United States,and 50%-75%o patients with Hcc will develop metastatic disease Orbital metastases from Hcc are extremely *** report the case of a 52-year-old male with known metastatic Hcc,who presented with severe proptosis and *** orbital mass was identified on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and confirmed to have hypermetabolic activity on positron emission tomography/computed *** received a palliative course of external beam radiation therapy to the right *** modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)was used to allow sparing of critical norma tissues in close proximity to the *** month after completion of IMRT to 58 Gray in 30 fractions delivered over 6 wk,the patient had a complete clinical,radiologic(MRI)and symptomatic response The patient continues to have local control in the orbi 1.7 years after therapy *** critical norma structures were kept below the tolerance dose using IMRT,and no toxicities were observed.

关键词：放射治疗轨道转移肝癌反应辐射核磁共振成像正电子发射肝细胞癌

Systemic IL-27 administration prevents abscess formation and osteolysis via local neutrophil recruitment and activation

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Bone Research 2022年第4期10卷 826-837页

作者： Yugo Morita Motoo Saito Javier Rangel-Moreno Anthony M.Franchini John R.Owen John c.Martinez John L.Daiss Karen L.de Mesy Bentley Stephen L.Kates edward M.Schwarz Gowrishankar Muthukrishnan center for Musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Division of Allergy Immunology and RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Environmental Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of Orthopedics University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

Interleukin-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions during bacterial infections remain controversial,and its role in patients with *** osteomyelitis is *** address this knowledge gap,we completed a clinical study and observed elevated serum IL-27 levels(20-fold higher,Pcompared with healthy ***,IL-27 serum levels were 60-fold higher in patients immediately following septic death than in uninfected patients(Pc role of *** test this hypothesis,we evaluated *** osteomyelitis in WT and IL-27Rα^(−/−)mice with and without exogenous IL27 induction by intramuscular injection of rAAV-IL-27p28 or rAAV-GFP,*** found that IL-27 was induced at the surgical site within 1 day of *** infection of bone and was expressed by M0,M1 and M2 macrophages and osteoblasts but not by ***,exogenous IL-27p28(~2 ng·mL^(−1) in serum)delivery ameliorated soft tissue abscesses and periimplant bone loss during infection,accompanied by enhanced local IL-27 expression,significant accumulation of RORγt^(+)neutrophils at the infection site,a decrease in RANK^(+) cells,and compromised osteoclast *** effects were not observed in IL-27Rα^(−/−)mice compared with WT mice,suggesting that IL-27 is dispensable for immunity but mediates redundant immune and bone cell functions during *** vitro studies and bulk RNA-seq of infected tibiae showed that IL-27 increased nos1,nos2,il17α,il17f,and rorc expression but did not directly stimulate ***,these results identify a novel phenomenon of IL-27 expression by osteoblasts immediately following *** infection of bone and suggest a protective role of systemic IL-27 in osteomyelitis.

关键词： abscess protective immunity

Effects of Irrigation and Drought on Growth and Essential Oil Production in O. vulgare and R. officinalis

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第5期13卷 659-667页

作者： David c. Baudoin edward Bush Ted Gauthier Amy B. Hernandez Heather Kirk-Ballard LSU Agcenter School of Plant Environmental & Soil Sciences Miller Hall USA

The essential oil industry has led a rapidly growing market in American herbal medicine. The global essential oil industry was valued at an estimated 18.6 billion USD in 2020 and is expected to have a compound annual growth rate of 7.6% from 2020 to 2027. “Essential oil” is a broad term used to describe volatile organic compounds (VOcs) that are often associated with a plant’s essence or aroma. These molecules are commonly extracted from a variety of different plant structures by steam distillation and cold pressing. Essential oils function as a defense against insects, bacteria, fungi, and other stressors, such as drought and cold. The most industrially important of this class of compounds are monoterpenes, steam-volatile constituents which are the most abundant terpenes throughout plants. Essential oils may include monoterpenes (two isoprene units), sesquiterpenes (three isoprene units), ketones, and phenolics. Phenolics include flavonoids, anthocyanins, and tannins.

关键词： Water Relations Essential Oil Extraction Terpenes Plant Environmental Stress Mass Spectroscopy

A Numerical Method for Solving Ill-conditioned Equation Systems Arising from Radial Basis Functions

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American Journal of computational Mathematics 2023年第2期13卷 356-370页

作者： edward J. Kansa convergent Solutions Livermore CA USA

continuously differentiable radial basis functions (c∞-RBFs), while being theoretically exponentially convergent are considered impractical computationally because the coefficient matrices are full and can become very ill- conditioned. Similarly, the Hilbert and Vandermonde have full matrices and become ill-conditioned. The difference between a coefficient matrix generated by c∞-RBFs for partial differential or integral equations and Hilbert and Vandermonde systems is that c∞-RBFs are very sensitive to small changes in the adjustable parameters. These parameters affect the condition number and solution accuracy. The error terrain has many local and global maxima and minima. To find stable and accurate numerical solutions for full linear equation systems, this study proposes a hybrid combination of block Gaussian elimination (BGE) combined with arbitrary precision arithmetic (APA) to minimize the accumulation of rounding errors. In the future, this algorithm can execute faster using preconditioners and implemented on massively parallel computers.

关键词： continuously Differentiable Radial Basis Functions Global Maxima and Minima Solutions of Ill-conditioned Linear Equations Block Gaussian Elimination Arbitrary Precision Arithmetic

Interpretable discovery of semiconductors with machine learning

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npj computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1150-1160页

作者： Hitarth choubisa Petar Todorović Joao M.Pina Darshan H.Parmar Ziliang Li Oleksandr Voznyy Isaac Tamblyn edward H.Sargent Department of Electrical and computer Engineering University of Toronto10 King’s College RoadTorontoON M5S 3G4Canada Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of TorontoScarboroughON M1C 1A4Canada Department of Physics University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence TorontoON M5G 1M1Canada

Machine learning models of material properties accelerate materials discovery,reproducing density functional theory calculated results at a fraction of the cost1–*** bridge the gap between theory and experiments,machine learning predictions need to be distilled in the form of interpretable chemical rules that can be used by *** we develop a framework to address this gap by combining evolutionary algorithm-powered search with machine-learning surrogate *** then couple the search results with supervised learning and statistical *** strategy enables the efficient search of a materials space while providing interpretable design *** demonstrate its effectiveness by developing rules for the design of direct bandgap materials,stable UV emitters,and IR perovskite ***,we conclusively show how DARWIN-generated rules are statistically more robust and applicable to a wide range of applications including the design of UV halide perovskites.

关键词： preta learning perovskite

TREFAcE: A New computerized Test of Emotional Stroop with Facial Expressions

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第7期12卷 342-358页

作者： edward Prada corina Satler Maria c. H. Tavares Ana Garcia Lia Martinez cândida Alves Eliza Lacerda carlos Tomaz Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior Department of Physiological Sciences University of Brasília Brasília Brazil Faculty of Psychology Social Sciences Department Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Seccional Bucaramanga Bucaramanga Colombia Faculty of ceilandia University of Brasília Brasília Brazil Laboratory of Neurosciences and Behavior Master’s Program in Environment CEUMA University S&atilde o Luis Brazil

Using the conflict principle of the Stroop task, “effect of interference in color naming”, the present study proposes to create a computational version of the emotional Stroop task, called TREFAcE, for its acronyms in Portuguese “Teste de Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais com conflito Emocional” (Facial Expression Recognition Test with Emotional conflict). In this protocol, four fixed styles of presentation were generated according to the condition: congruent Word Reading, Incongruent Word Reading, congruent Recognition of Face Expression and Incongruent Recognition of Face Expression, counterbalanced in terms of each facial expression, word and gender of the photo character. Forty-two healthy volunteers completed the task. Results revealed that a task associated with word reading allows better performance than a task associated with face recognition. It was also identified that in the congruent condition, there is an advantage in terms of the correct responses. Additionally, the data regarding recognition of face expression showed greater difficulty when the image was not congruent with the word. In general, the results suggest that the emotional attribute can compromise the ability to recognize the faces, reaching the functioning of mechanisms such as cognitive control and regulation of emotions. Thus, the TREFAcE paradigm can be considered a good assessment tool for monitoring emotional conflict, in addition to presenting itself as a new instrument in Portuguese language for assessing emotional working memory in healthy individuals and, eventually, in different pathologies that affect the functioning of cortical areas related to executive functions.

关键词： Emotions Memory Facial Recognition conflict Emotional Stroop Executive Functions

Autonomous scanning probe microscopy investigations over WS_(2)and Au{111}

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npj computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 916-922页

作者： John c.Thomas Antonio Rossi Darian Smalley Luca Francaviglia Zhuohang Yu Tianyi Zhang Shalini Kumari Joshua A.Robinson Mauricio Terrones Masahiro Ishigami Eli Rotenberg edward S.Barnard Archana Raja Ed Wong D.Frank Ogletree Marcus M.Noack Alexander Weber-Bargioni Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720United States Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720United States Department of Physics and NanoScience Technology center University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32816United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16082United States center for Two-Dimensional and Layered Materials The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802United States Department of Physics and Department of chemistry The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802United States center for Advanced Mathematics for Energy Research Applications Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720United States

Individual atomic defects in 2D materials impact their macroscopic *** the interplay is challenging,however,intelligent hyperspectral scanning tunneling spectroscopy(STS)mapping provides a feasible solution to this technically difficult and time consuming ***,dense spectroscopic volume is collected autonomously via Gaussian process regression,where convolutional neural networks are used in tandem for spectral *** data enable defect segmentation,and a workflow is provided for machine-driven decision making during experimentation with capability for user *** provide a means towards autonomous experimentation for the benefit of both enhanced reproducibility and *** investigations on WS_(2)sulfur vacancy sites are explored,which is combined with local density of states confirmation on the Au{111}herringbone *** vacancies,pristine WS_(2),Au face-centered cubic,and Au hexagonal close-packed regions are examined and detected by machine learning methods to demonstrate the potential of artificial intelligence for hyperspectral STS mapping.

关键词： autonomous consuming packed