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Sensibility Analysis of the Brazilian Standards for Energy Efficiency Regarding the Variation of Internal Load Density in Office Buildings in Brazilian Bioclimatic Zones 1 and 7

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第1期10卷 22-36页

作者： Mariane Pinto Brandalise eduardo grala da cunha Larissa Cristina de Oliveira Laboratory of Comfort and Energy Efficiency Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 96010-020 Brazil

The RTQ-C （Technical Requirements of Quality for the Energy Performance Level of Commercial Buildings） publication classified the buildings in five efficiency levels. In RTQ-C, the evaluation can be done with two methods： a prescriptive method and a simulation one. This paper aims to identify the sensibility of the prescriptive method RTQ-C regarding the variation of equipment internal load density in office buildings in bioclimatic Zones I and 7 of the Brazilian bioclimatic zoning. The research results show that the building with walls and roof configured to meet specific prerequisites for energy efficiency Levels B and C had a lower consumption than buildings that meet the prerequisites to Level A. The study also showed that buildings with high internal load density of equipment, maximum shape factor and high, with walls and roofs with higher thermal transmittance, have lower power consumption than constructions with an envelope with greater thermal resistance. The increase in internal load density causes an increase in the internal heat generated by the large amount of equipment. In buildings with higher thermal insulation （Level A）, the internal heat is maintained in the environment, causing overheating and the need for an air conditioning system.

关键词： RTQ-C internal load density office buildings energy modeling energy efficiency in buildings.

Analysis of the Influence of New Usages on the State of Conservation of Historical Buildings through Microclimate Characterization

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第2期11卷 159-174页

作者： Mariana Estima Silva Ariela da Silva Torres eduardo grala da cunha Isabel Tourinho Salamoni Postgraduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism Federal Institute of Science and Technological Education~FederalUniversity of Pelotas Pelotas 96010-020 Brazil Laboratory of Comfort and Energy Efficiency Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas96010-020 Brazil

Recycling is an alternative for preserving historical heritage buildings. Through such process, buildings are occupied by new usages that assure they are not abandoned. However, conservation issues, like pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi, are common even in buildings receiving new uses. Thus, it is extremely important to know the microclimate behavior of these buildings and analyze if there are usages that favor the appearance of filamentous fungi or not. This study aims to verify if new usages modify the microclimate in historical buildings and if such possible change favors the appearance of pathological manifestations by filamentous fimgi in some specific use. To achieve the results, three buildings that have gone through recycling processes were chosen in the city of Pelotas, in Southernmost Brazil. The city possesses a large number of buildings with historical value and its climate conditions are propitious for appearance of filamentous fungi. For 12 months, microclimate was monitored, the environments modus operandi was characterized and there was a survey on the pathological manifestations by filamentous fungi in the three buildings with two different uses： administration offices and exhibition rooms. Conclusion was that usages that allow natural ventilation and lighting favor conservation, which is what happens in the ones used as administration offices. Besides that, it was noticed that the construction system also influences, since buildings with a high cellar that is being used did not present filamentous fungi, which also shows the influence of ascending humidity on the appearance of such pathological manifestations.

关键词： Historical buildings new usages microclimate pathological manifestations.

Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Level in Social Interest Housing with Earth Tubes for the Brazilian Bioclimatic Zones 1, 2 and 7

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2015年第10期9卷 1244-1251页

作者： Raquel Ramos Silveira da Mota Giacomo Orlando Veiga Baptista Livia Winkel Fernandes eduardo grala da cunha Post-graduation Program in Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 96010-020 Brazil Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 96010-020 Brazil

The expansion of social housing in Brazil is solving the great demand among low-income populations, ltowever, these projects are not considering climatic factors and thermal comfort strategies. There is a standardization of architectural projects, which leads to the user discomfort. Bioclimatic solutions that improve the thermal performance of buildings should be valued in the projects of buildings. This paper presents a comparative study noticing the thermal comfort provided by a earth tube ventilation system with a natural ventilation system based in the opening of the windows. In this study, three Brazilian bioclimatic zones defined by NBR （Brazilian Standard） 15220 （2005）, Zone 1 （Curitiba）, 2 （Camaqu~,） and 7 （Cuiabfi）, were considered. To make this comparison, computer simulation was used to observe the thermal confort conditions in RTQ-R （Quality Technical Standard for Energy Efficiency Level in Residential Buildings）（2010）, with the help of Energy Plus software and Schektch Up with the plug in Open Studio for modeling the residence. After the energy modeling, the results were analyzed with the Analisys Bio software in order to obtain the percentage of hours of comfort for the year （8,760 h）. The conclusion is drawn that the natural ventilation strategy with the opening and closing of the windows is more efficient in Bioclimatic Zone 1. For the Bioclimatic Zone 2, the earth tubes should be used only in the summer and, in Bioclimatic Zone 7, earth tubes are efficient throughout the year because of the high temperatures in the exterior environment.

关键词： Social housing earth tubes natural ventilation computer simulation thermal performance.

Thermal Bridges Impact on Energy Consumption in Residential Buildings Considering the Brazilian Bioclimatic Zoning

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第10期10卷 1114-1130页

作者： eduardo grala da cunha Julye Ramalho de Freitas Beatriz Echenique Gioielli Rodrigo Karini Leitzke Letiane Beninca Laboratory of Comfort and Energy Efficiency Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas96010-020 Brazil Computer Science Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 96010-020 Brazil IMED Meridional College Passo Fundo 99070-220 Brazil

With the considerable increase in electric power consumption, searching for buildings with lower energy impact has become a crucial factor on controlling energy consumption, as well as designing buildings with high thermal comfort. Thermal bridges are weak points in buildings where the thermal resistance varies considerably between two distinct points. Depending on the situation, the existence of thermal bridges in a building can be favorable to the achievement of the expected thermal comfort and lower energy consumption. The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of thermal bridges of reinforced concrete structure regarding to energy consumption for residential buildings in the Brazilian bioclimatic zones. The used method is characterized by computer simulations of distinct cases configured with and without thermal bridges. The results show that in most bioclimatic zones, the presence of thermal bridges in the wall composition contributes to the reduction of energy consumption for both heating and cooling, and independent of the wall＇s insulation level, solar absorptance is a major factor in the energy consumption levels, walls with smaller absorptance consume less and this consumption increases gradually with increasing absorptance.

关键词： Thermal bridges energy modeling energy efficiency residential buildings.

Analysis of the Impact of Photovoltaic Glasses in daylighting and Thermoenergetic Performances in an Office Room

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2021年第2期15卷 88-102页

作者： Ludimila Mallmann Schmalfuss Roseana Bonotto Ruivo Celina Maria Britto Correa Isabel Torinho Salamoni eduardo grala da cunha Post-Graduate Program in Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of PelotasPelotasRS 96010-610Brazil

Contemporary office buildings have been calling attention for intense use of glass on their faç*** way,glazed areas in such buildings may favor the access to natural light and contribute to power generation through photovoltaic ***,the application of STPV(Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic)may interfere with the building’s energy performance and good use of ***,this work aims to assess daylighting and thermoenergetic performances in an office room located in southern Brazil,with different types of STPV applied to the building’s *** study was carried out through computer simulation,integrating software’s Rhinoceros with DIVA plugin and *** have shown that the application of STPV with proper transparency percentage provides access to daylighting and increases visual comfort for occupants,and also contributes to the building’s energy balance,as it may save from 9.6%to 28%in *** use,in the climatic context analyzed,has boosted energy consumption for cooling and for artificial lighting;however,photovoltaic generation was higher and thus compensated for the increase caused by the system.

关键词： Energy efficiency STPV façades computer simulation lighting performance thermoenergetic performance

Verification of the Passive House Concept to the South of Brazil Climate

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2016年第8期10卷 937-945页

作者： Renata dalbem Stifany Knop eduardo grala da cunha Rui F. Oliveira Maria Femanda Rodrigues Romeu Vicente Laboratory of Comfort and Energy Efficiency Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas 96010-020 Brazil Civil Engineering Department University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal

The high impact of the building＇s sector on energy consumption and on the environment has led to increased concerns on the performance of indoor thermal buildings, and led many countries to define stricter requirements for their building legislation. In 2010, the European Union has established that by the end of 2020 all new buildings must have energy consumption close to zero （NZEBs （nearly zero energy buildings））, increasing the pursue for more efficient building design. One way to achieve buildings with low energy consumption while maintaining a high thermal comfort is the passive house concept. The paper presents an architectural project designed to meet the Passive House requirements for the climate of southern Brazil. The energy balance was carried out using the energy balance toot-PHPP （passive house planning package）, that verified the compliance of the prerequisites required for certification, which are related to the primary energy consumption, heating, cooling demand and overheating rate of the building.

关键词： Energy efficiency NZEB passive house sustainability.

Evaluation of daylighting and Thermo-EnergeticPerformance in Administrative Building in the South ofBrazil

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2020年第1期14卷 20-36页

作者： Paula Wrague Moura Celina Maria Britto Correa eduardo grala da cunha Federal University of Rio Grande Rio GrandeRS 96203-900Brazil Post-Graduation Program in Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of PelotasPelotasRS 96010-610Brazil

daylight is a fundamental element to obtain built environments that promote environmental comfort and energy efficiency. However, strategies that enhance the building daylight performance can affect its thermal energetic performance. In this sense, research that addresses these aspects at the same time is considered essential. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the daylighting and thermal-energetic performance of administrative environments in a public institution, and to propose strategies that will enhance the use of daylight and lower energy consumption. Therefore, for future projects, and considering new buildings, and retrofit, this research will be an important reference. The research was developed through a case study of an administrative building model, in which the characteristics of solar orientation, light shelf use, glass type, and light and dark colors in walls were modified and combined, deriving it into models proposed. The daylighting performance evaluations were performed through dynamic simulation with the Rhinoceros for Diva software, and the thermal-energetic performance evaluations with the EnergyPlus software. The results of the work showed that a suitable solar orientation has a great impact on the automation of daylight and the energy consumption of the evaluated models, followed by the type of glass and the use of the light colors in internal walls, and that the use of artificial lighting with dimerization is fundamental as a complement to the daylight autonomy. For the boundary conditions of the study, the use of light shelves modified neither the daylight performance nor the thermal-energetic performance of the evaluated models.

关键词： daylighting daylight performance thermal-energetic performance administrative environments.

Optimization of the Traditional Method for Creating a Weather Simulation file:The *** Case

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2018年第10期12卷 741-756页

作者： Rodrigo Karini Leitzke Carolina Machado Beltrame Julye Ramalho de Freitas Juliana Neumann Seixas Thalita dos Santos Maciel eduardo grala da cunha Paulo Afonso Rheingantz Energetic Comfort and Efficiency Lab Federal University of PelotasPelotas 96010-020Brazil

The basic assumption of an energy-efficient project is the proper relation with the local climatic *** analyse a building’s performance before its construction,it is necessary that the object to be designed is recreated in a virtual environment,to evaluate its thermal *** order to recreate this virtual environment,it is necessary to use computer programs,and that requires a file composed of a weather database organized hourly in a specific year and defined,in the case of this article,from a TRY(test reference year).The objective of this study is to prepare a weather file for the city of Pelotas,RS,*** research was structured in five *** the first stage,the TRY was *** the second stage,the necessary variables for the preparation of the weather file to be used in the programs EnergyPlus?and Design Builder?were created and *** the third stage,weather files were prepared *** *** *** the fourth stage,the weather file generated was simulated and compared with two other weather files belonging to the same bioclimatic *** the fifth and last stage,a typical day was elaborated for the city of *** a result,the importance of optimization of the EPW generation process based on algorithms was *** was also verified that although we have three nearby cities with similar characteristics,it is possible to have differences of simulation results when the appropriate weather file is not used.

关键词： Weather file TRY computer simulation environmental comfort architecture technology

Growing Food on Green Roofs:The First Step of an Interdisciplinary Approach

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2019年第11期13卷 694-703页

作者： eduardo grala da cunha Celina Maria Britto Correa Viviane Ritter daniela Hohn Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil Helayne Aparecida Maieves Lisandra Fachinello Krebs Mariana Estima Silva Laboratory of Comfort and Energy Efficiency Federal University of PelotasPelotas 96010-020Brazil CNPq(National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) Brasilia71605-170Brazil Post-graduation Program in Familiar Agriculture Production Systems Crop Production DepartmentCollege of AgronomyFederal University of PelotasPelotas 96010-020Brazil Post-graduation Program in Science and Food Technology College of NutritionFederal University of PelotasPelotas 96010-020Brazil College of Architecture and Urbanism Federal University of PelotasPelotas 96010-020Brazil

Under the many available strategies for the adoption of sustainable practices,the urban agriculture emerges as a relevant *** naturation is the vegetative treatment of built surfaces,using plants adapted to the local environmental *** vegetation is a highly relevant element to the regulation and balance of extreme climatic *** also affects buildings thermal comfort and energy use,when assuming functions of control regarding solar radiation,air relative humidity and air *** the role of climate control,the vegetation can also play a role in food *** growing of vegetable crops,spices and medicinal herbs has gained the urban spaces of Brazilian *** growth of plants at home or in the urban environment,described as productive landscape,becomes one of the few ways of contact with the elements of ***,the urban agriculture can create natural spaces in the urban centers,thus,promoting the comfort into two scales:the urban scale and the building *** the other hand,the addition of vegetation for food production on built surfaces assumes a multidisciplinary *** is needed to technically respond to the suitable choice of substrate and plant species,to the nutrition values of the cultivated foods and,therefore,to the building physics that supports the food *** aims of this investigation project are:(i)to increase international partnerships in the subject(the Federal University of Pelotas,in Brazil;the Lund and the ALNARP Universities,in Sweden;the Polytechnic University of Madrid,in Spain;and the Arizona State University,in the United States);(ii)to bring information on both the building energy efficiency and the outdoor microclimate as a consequence of the green roof establishment;(iii)to generate a cultivation guide for food production on ***,this paper presents the first step of the research interdisciplinary approach,which deals with the construction of the Cultivation

关键词： Rooftop farming substrate urban microclimate buildings thermal performance modeling