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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher edmilson dias de freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK department of Psychiatry and Nuffield department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

The interplay between leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment on photosynthetic and growth parameters of tropical dry forest trees

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 177-186页

作者： Tiago de Sousa Leite Romulo Magno Oliveira de freitas Nildo da Silva dias Jeferson Luiz Dallabona Dombroski Narjara Walessa Nogueira Federal University of Mato Grosso CuiabáMTBrazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Rio Grande do NortePau dos FerrosRNBrazil Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region MossoróRNBrazil

Mimosa tenuiflora and Piptadenia stipulacea are commonly accepted as drought-tolerant species but little is known about their response to drought followed by ***,the interplay between leaf water potential and osmotic adjustment on photo synthetic and growth parameters of these species was examined.A greenhouse study was conducted in a split-plot design with two water conditions in the main plots(control;drought followed by rehydration),and eight sampling times in the subplots(1,4and 7 days of drought,and 1,3,6,12,and 17 days of rehydration).Plant water status and biochemical changes were assessed as well as leaf gas exchange and subsequent *** drought stress,both species maintained a low leaf water potential throughout the day by accumulating compatible solutes,thus allowing a rapid and full recovery of water status when *** these plants minimized water loss by closing their stomata,neither showed stomatal limitations to *** inhibition of this process during drought was possibly related to mesophyll limitations as well as to a reversible downregulation of photo systems,along with adjustments of their *** deficits also triggered morphological adaptations at the whole plant level,leading to reduced growth,mainly of the shoots in *** and the roots in ***.

关键词： Drought stress Rehydration Gas exchange Plant biomass

Impact of microbial self-induced anaerobiosis fermentation(SIAF)on coffee quality

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Food Bioscience 2022年第3期47卷 421-430页

作者： Marcela Caroline Batista da Mota Nádia Nara Batista Disney Ribeiro dias Rosane freitas Schwan department of Biology Federal University of LavrasLavrasMGBrazil Food Science department Federal University of LavrasLavrasMGBrazil

The fermentation of natural(NC)and pulped coffee(PC)was performed with a conventional method(platform)and under self-induced anaerobic fermentation(SIAF).Of the 12 samples analyzed during the fermentation process,the highest temperature was obtained by the SIAF method(30.5℃ for NC and 29.67℃ for PC)with 87 h of *** compounds(36 samples)were evaluated by high-performance liquid *** in the SIAF method contributed to the maximum amount of citric acid(2.534 mg/g)in pulped coffee and acetic acid(6.04 mg/g)and lactic acid(2.533 mg/g)in *** was the primary chemical class detected,followed by ketones and *** coffees(12 samples)were evaluated five times and classified as specialty coffees(>80 points)following Specialty Coffee Association(SCA)*** pulped coffee processed by the SIAF method showed a 2.83-point increase in the sensory score compared to the conventional ***,the SIAF method is accessible to producers,contributes to coffees with differentiated sensory profiles,and increases beverage quality.

关键词： Bioreactor Fermentative process Specialty coffee Anaerobic conditions Natural processing

Influence of anaerobic fermentation and yeast inoculation on the viability,chemical composition,and quality of coffee

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Food Bioscience 2023年第1期51卷 316-324页

作者： Emerson Josue Martinez Jimenez Pamela Mynsen Machado Martins Ana Luiza de Oliveira Vilela Nadia Nara Batista Sttela dellyzete Veiga Franco da Rosa Disney Ribeiro dias Rosane freitas Schwan department of Food Science Federal University of LavrasLavrasMGBrazil department of Agriculture Federal University of LavrasLavrasMGBrazil department of Biology Federal University of LavrasLavrasMGBrazil Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria Embrapa CafeBrasíliaDFBrazil Faculty of Technological Sciences National University of AgricultureThe road to Dulce Nombre de Culmíkm 215neighborhood El EspinoCatacamasHonduras

Microbial metabolites produced during fermentation migrate into the coffee and can influence the decrease in seed viability and coffee *** study evaluated the effects of physiological changes in seed viability on the sensory quality of the beverage using starter cultures through self-induced anaerobic fermentation(SIAF)in Coffea arabica *** natural and pulped *** yeasts were monitored by real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)detected citric,malic,and succinic acids in all fermented ***,lactic acid was mainly identified in those coffees processed by the SIAF *** compounds(40)were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Alterations in physiological quality were identified,with decreased embryonic viability and cell membrane damage by tetrazolium and electrical conductivity *** fermented coffees obtained scores above 80 *** Torulospora delbrueckii yeast got the best score(86.50)in pulped coffee,and the Candida parapsilosis yeast received the highest score(85.90)in the natural coffee using the SIAF *** coffees were characterized by aromas and flavors of citrus,caramel,honey,chocolate,and *** coffee fermentation process with yeast inoculation affected the coffee bean viability but not the beverage’s sensory quality,indicating that the use of yeast starters by SIAF favors the production of specialty coffees with differentiated sensory characteristics.

关键词： Coffee fermentation Specialty coffees Seed physiological Yeast starter Sensory quality

Digestive enzymes inhibition, antioxidant and antiglycation activities of phenolic compounds from jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) peel

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1933-1940页

作者： Larissa Lorrane Rodrigues Borges Leandro Licursi de Oliveira Valdeir Viana freitas Bruno Ricardo de Castro Leite Júnior Amanda Lais Alves Almeida Nascimento Gabriel Abranches dias Castro Sergio Antonio Fernandes Paulo César Stringheta Universidade Federal de Viçosa Department of Food TechnologyAvenida Peter Henry Rolfss/nViçosaMG36570-900Brazil Universidade Federal de Viçosa Department of General BiologyAvenida Peter Henry Rolfss/nViçosaMG36570-900Brazil Universidade Federal de Viçosa Department of ChemistryAvenida Peter Henry Rolfss/nViçosaMG36570-900Brazil

In this study, jabuticaba peel purified phenolic extracts were studied regarding their potential inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes linked to diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity, inhibitory activities towards glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA), and antioxidant activities. The impact of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID) on the stability of anthocyanins and bioactivities was also evaluated. The analyzed extracts exhibited significant inhibitory activities of α-glucosidase (IC50: 0.47–5.20 mg/mL), α-amylase (IC50: 0.45–1.88 mg/mL), and lipase (IC50: 13.52–111.51 mg/mL). The extracts also inhibited the glycation of BSA (IC50: 0.23–7.07 mg/mL) and showed relevant antioxidant activities. The correlation analysis indicated anthocyanins as one of the main contributing compounds to the bioactivities studied. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was the major anthocyanin identified in the extracts by HPLC analysis. After GID, there was a decrease in the total anthocyanin content (72.77% ± 1.67%) and, consequently, a reduction in the inhibitory activities of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and BSA glycation. This research provided scientific data about the functional properties of jabuticaba peel extracts, which may be a source of dietary compounds with hypoglycaemic, antiglycation, and antioxidant effects.

关键词： Polyphenols Diabetes mellitus Glucosidase Amylase AGEs

Structural phase relations in perovskite-structured BiFeO_(3)-based multiferroic compounds

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第2期2卷 103-111页

作者： Valdirlei Fernandes freitas Gustavo Sanguino dias Otávio Algusto PROTZEK Diogo Zampieri MONTANHER Igor Barbosa CATELLANI Daniel Matos SILVA Luiz Fernando CÓTICA Ivair Aparecido dos SANTOS UEM-Universidade Estadual de Maringá GDDM-Grupo de Desenvolvimento de Dispositivos MultifuncionaisDepartamento de FísicaMaringáBrazil

In this review,the state of the art in understanding the structural phase relations in perovskite-structured BiFeO_(3)-based polycrystalline solid solutions is presented and *** about the close relation between the structural phase and overall physical properties of the reviewed systems are pointed out and *** is shown that,by adjusting the structural symmetric arrangement,the ferroelectric and magnetic properties of BiFeO_(3)-based polycrystalline solid solutions can be tuned to find specific multifunctional ***,an intrinsic mechanism linking structural arrangement and physical properties cannot be identified,revealing that this subject still deserves further discussion and investigation.

关键词： bismuth ferrite ferroelectrics multiferroics

Use of Spatial Analysis to Assess Geographic Accessibility of Community Pharmacies in São Mateus

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第5期4卷 438-442页

作者： Brígida dias Fernandes Aracelli Ferreira Lírio Rodrigo Randow de freitas Ana Carolina Melchiors Pharmacy Pratice Research Group Departamento de Ciências da Saúde-DCS Sao Mateus Brasil. Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo-CEUNES Departamento de Ciências da Saúde-DCS Sao Mateus Brasil Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo-UFES Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo-CEUNES Departamento de Engenharias e Computacao-DETEC Núcleo de Pesquisa em Gestao de Sistemas de Producao (NPGSP) Laboratório de Gestao Costeira-Aquicultura e Pesca (LGCap) Sao Mateus Brasil Pharmacy Pratice Research Group Departamento de Ciências da Saúde-DCS Sao Mateus Brasil.

Pharmaceutical services contribute to the rational use of medicines by ensuring the provision of appropriate, safe and effective pharmacotherapies. Thus, it is important to investigate whether the geographical distribution of pharmacies causes inequalities in access in countries like Brazil, where there is no federal law regulating the opening of new establishments (in contrast to many European countries). This study analyzed the accessibility of community pharmacies in the city of Sao Mateus, Espírito Santo, Brazil. The authors obtained the geographical coordinates of pharmacies and healthfacilities, which scanned and georeferenced the study area. The 40 pharmacies included in the spatial analysis presented a heterogeneous distribution, with the existence of neighborhoods with an accumulation of pharmacies and others with no pharmacies. The authors found that only 43.7% of the study area received pharmaceutical service coverage, when buffer zones of 350 meters are incorporated, and that most of the districts have a minimum distance of 100 meters between health facilities and pharmacies. It was concluded that the use of GIS proved to be very suitable for analysis of pharmaceutical services, enabling knowledge of the local situation and serving as a stimulus for future studies.

关键词： Geographical Accessibility Quality Pharmaceutical Service Spatial Analysis Distribution of Pharmacies Quality Assessment

Stable isotopes and body composition in children: History, fundamentals, and clinical applications

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Health 2013年第8期5卷 61-68页

作者： Wendell Costa Bila Joel Alves Lamounier Andre Everton de freitas Valmin Ramos Silva Sylvia dias Turani Jose Eduardo Dutra de Oliveira Graduate Program in Health Sciences Federal University of Sao Joao Del Rei-West Campus CenterDivinopolisBrazil Graduate Program in Child and Teenager Health-Medicine School-UFMG Belo Horizonte College of Health and Human Ecology-FASEH VespasianoBrazil Faculty of Medicine School of Sciences of Santa Casa de Misericordia of VitoriaNossa Senhora da Gloria Children’s HospitalVitoriaBrazil Faculty of Medicine Federal University of Sao Joao Del Rei-West Campus CenterDivinopolisBrazil Faculty of Medicine University of Sao Paulo-Ribeirao PretoBrazil

The aim of this study was to gather information on the use of stable isotopes to measure total body water and body composition scan in children. We selected studies in the last 13 years, in addition to classical studies on the subject, indexed in the database PubMed, LILACS, BVS and SciELO. The body composition was characterized by the amount of bone tissue, muscle and adipose tissue, also including the organs as well as levels of body water. Your knowledge becomes increasingly important in light of the changes that occur in the nutritional status of various types of diseases in frameworks, such as diabetes mellitus, protein energy malnutrition, in cases of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The ability to accurately assess body fat mass especially in children is associated with the importance of effective strategies for prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Historically, in addition to clinical applications, measurements of total body water were used to determine body composition in nutritional studies. To the knowledge of the body composition, the body water can be measured and used by the ingestion of a dose of labeled water. The measured isotope enrichment is a function of the amount of body water. The method of deuterium is particularly interesting for the assessment of body composition in children, due to its characteristics of collection and analysis.

关键词： Body Water deuterium Body Composition Doubly Labeled Water Obesity Children

A soil quality index for subtropical sandy soils under different Eucalyptus harvest residue managements

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 243-255页

作者： Jackson freitas Brilhante de Sao José Maurício Roberto Cherubin Luciano Kayser Vargas Bruno Brito Lisboa Josiléia Acordi Zanatta Elias Frank Araújo Cimélio Bayer department of Agricultural Research and Diagnosis Agriculture SecretariatLivestock and Rural Development of Rio Grande do Sul.570Goncalves Dias St.Porto AlegreRio Grande do SulBrazil department of Soil Science “Luiz de Queiroz”College of Agriculture/University of Sao PauloPadua Dias Ave 11PiracicabaSao PauloBrazil Embrapa Floretas Estrada da Ribeirakm 111ColomboParanáBrazil CMPC Celulose RiograndenseSao Geraldo St.GuaíbaRio Grande do Sul 1680Brazil department of Soil Science Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil

Eucalyptus harvest residues are attractive energy production resources for the forestry ***,their removal can have adverse impacts on soil quality and forest productivity,especially in sandy *** this study,we assessed the effects of Eucalyptus harvest residue managements with variable intensity on forest productivity and on physical,chemical,and biological indicators of the soil *** experiment was conducted in a Quartzipsamment(33 g kg-1clay)planted with Eucalyptus saligna in Barra do Ribeiro in southern *** the Eucalyptus was planted,residues from the previous rotation were subjected to five different management treatments:(1)FRM,in which all forest residues(bark,branches,leaves,and litter)were allowed to remain on the soil and only trunk wood was removed;(2)FRMB,in which was identical to FRM except that bark was also removed;(3)FRMBr,in which only trunk wood and branches were removed;(4)FRR,which involved removing all types of residues(bark,branches,leaves,and litter);and,(5)FRRs,in which all forest residues from the previous rotation were removed,and leaves and branches from the new plantation were prevented from falling onto the soil surface using a shade *** years after planting,soil samples were collected at four different depths(0-2.5,2.5-5,5-10,and 10-20 cm)to determine 17 soil chemical,physical,and biological *** results were combined into a soil quality index(SQI)using the principal component analysis *** SQI reduced by 30%,in the 0-20 cm layer,due to removal of harvest residues from the previous rotation,and collection of litter before it falls on the *** main drivers of SQI reduction were the principal components associated with soil organic matter and biological ***,the SQI was positively linearly related to tree height at P<0.01 and to tree diameter at breast height at P=*** adverse impact on soil quality and forest productivity in our study indicates that removal

关键词： Forest residues Soil health Soil organic carbon Microbial biomass Soil conservation