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Effect of Pectin Lyase Enzyme on Fermentation and Drying of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.): An Alternative to Improve Raw Material in the Industry of Chocolate

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第4期7卷 215-226页

作者： Maritza Gil Francy Orrego edith Cadena Rosa Alegria Julian Londono-Londono Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá D.C. Colombia Corporación Universitaria Lasallista Grupo de investigación de Ingeniería de Alimentos GRIAL Caldas Colombia

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao), in all its presentations, is consumed all over the world and is one of the main drivers of the economic in several countries. The world’s Cocoa tendency is focused on developing special beans. This category is subject to postharvest processes of utmost importance such as the fermentation and dry, which are currently carried out with traditional and poorly effective devices, which need to be improved to obtain a high quality product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the pectin lyase enzyme (E.C.4.***.2.10) on the postharvest cocoa process. We evaluated the enzyme dosage (1.0% and 0.5%) in fermentation and its effect on the variables temperature, acidity and drying time by convection at 60°C. The Pectin lyase activity during fermentation does not cause a significant effect on the variables of temperature and acidity;however, the drying process time required to achieve 7.0% moisture was reduced. The enzyme dosage of 1.0% was the best result, the amount of exudate obtained (115 ml) during fermentation and the best degree of fermentation (77% ± 3.8) were increased and further shows a change in porosity facilitating the scale surface and internal moisture diffusion. The drying rate (Nw) expressed in kgwater/m2 * min was determined based on the empirical model of Newton, where the higher speed was obtained during the falling period. In conclusion, enzyme dosage 1% was the best concentration evaluated because weaken grain husk, which allowed an adequate fermentation,and subsequent time drying reduction until 10.8 h.

关键词： Theobroma cacao L. Pectin Lyase Activity Fermentation Convection Drying Newton Model

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普瑞巴林治疗糖尿病周围神经痛的疗效、安全性和耐受性

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中国新药杂志 2011年第6期20卷 479-480页

作者： Roy Freeman edith Durso-Decruz Birol Emir Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Pfizer Global Pharmaceuticals

目的：通过分析7项普瑞巴林治疗糖尿病周围神经病（DPN）的临床研究,评估普瑞巴林在其有效剂量范围内的疗效、安全性和耐受性;评估每日两次给药（BID）和每日三次给药（TID）的疗效差异;

关键词：普瑞巴林糖尿病周围神经痛疗效差异耐受性安全性治疗糖尿病周围神经病临床研究

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Possible contribution of artificial neural networks and linear discriminant analysis in recognition of patients with suspected atrophic body gastritis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第37期11卷 5867-5873页

作者： edith Lahner Enzo Grossi Marco Intraligi Massimo Buscema Vito D Corleto Gianfranco Delle Fave Bruno Annibale Digestive and Liver Disease Unit Ⅱ Medical School Sant' Andrea Hospital University"La Sapienza" Rome Italy Enzo Grossi Bracco Imaging Spa Milan Italy Semeion Research Center Rome Italy

AIM: To investigate whether ANNs and LDA could recognize patients with ABG in a database, containing only clinical and biochemical variables, of a pool of patients with and without ABG, by selecting the most predictive variables and by reducing input data to the ***: Data was collected from 350 consecutive outpatients (263 with ABG, 87 with non-atrophic gastritis and/or celiac disease [controls]). Structured questionnaires with 22 items (anagraphic, anamnestic, clinical, and biochemical data) were filled out for each patient. All patients underwent gastroscopy with biopsies. ANNs and LDA were applied to recognize patients with *** 1: random selection on 37 variables, experiment 2: optimization process on 30 variables, experiment 3:input data reduction on 8 variables, experiment 4: use of only clinical input data on 5 variables, and experiment 5:use of only serological ***: In experiment 1, overall accuracies of ANNs and LDA were 96.6% and 94.6%, respectively, for predicting patients with ABG. In experiment 2, ANNs and LDA reached an overall accuracy of 98.8% and 96.8%,respectively. In experiment 3, overall accuracy of ANNs was 98.4%. In experiment 4, overall accuracies of ANNs and LDA were, respectively, 91.3% and 88.6%. In experiment 5, overall accuracies of ANNs and LDA were,respectively, 97.7% and 94.5%.CONCLUSION: This preliminary study suggests that advanced statistical methods, not only ANNs, but also LDA,may contribute to better address bioptic sampling during gastroscopy in a subset of patients in whom ABG may be suspected on the basis of aspecific gastrointestinal symptoms or non-digestive disorders.

关键词： Atrophic body gastritis Computer-based decision support Gastroscopy Artificial neural networks

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Gender influence on defecographic abnormalities in patients with posterior pelvic floor disorders

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第4期16卷 462-466页

作者： Céline Savoye-Collet Guillaume Savoye edith Koning Anne-Marie Leroi Jean-Nicolas Dacher Radiology Department QUANT-IF LITIS EA 4108Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle1 rue de GermontF76031 RouenFrance Gastroenterology Department ADEN EA 4311Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle1 rue de GermontF-76031 RouenFrance Physiology Department ADEN EA 4311Rouen University Hospital Charles Nicolle1 rue de GermontF-76031 RouenFrance

AIM:To compare defecographic abnormalities in symptomatic men and women and to analyze differences between men and age-and symptom-matched ***:Sixty-six men(mean age:55.4 years,range:20-81 years) who complained of constipation and/or fecal incontinence and/or pelvic pain underwent defecography after intake of a barium *** were analyzed for the diagnosis of rectocele,enterocele,intussusception and perineal *** were compared with age-and symptom-matched women(n = 198) who underwent defecography during the same ***:Normal defecography was observed in 22.7% of men vs 5.5% of women(P < 0.001).Defecography in men compared with women showed 4.5%vs 44.4%(P < 0.001) rectocele,and 10.6% vs 29.8%(P < 0.001) enterocele,*** difference was observed for the diagnosis of intussusception(57.6% vs 44.9%).Perineal descent at rest was more frequent in women(P < 0.005).CONCLUSION:For the same complaint,diagnosis of defecographic abnormalities was different in men than in women:rectocele,enterocele and perineal descent at rest were observed less frequently in men than in women.

关键词： Fecal incontinence Defecography Rectocele Hernia Pelvic floor Constipation

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A Cameroonian Traditional Cake (<i>Komba</i>) Prepared Using Yellow Maize Reduce Vitamin A Deficiency in Lactating Mothers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2018年第3期9卷 247-258页

作者： Ngaha Damndja Wilfred Ejoh Aba Richard Fombang Nig edith Gouado Inocent Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Food and Bioresource Technology College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a widespread public health problem in developing nations affecting greatly pregnant and lactating women. To alleviate the deficiency, many strategies were set up by the Cameroonian authorities. However, the level of VAD is still very high, thus the option of supplementation of foods remains a very important option. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a food supplementation with komba, a Cameroonian traditional yellow maize cake, on vitamin A status of lactating mothers in Ngaoundere town. To achieve this, 40 lactating mothers were recruited in four health facilities of the Ngaoundere town. They were dewormed and subdivided in two groups of 20 subjects each and fed for two months. The test group received 200 g of yellow maize cake while the control group received 200 g of white maize. 24-hour dietary recall was used to assess their food intake during the study period. Blood sample were collected at the beginning and the end of the study and the serum retinol determined. Results show that before the supplementation, 45% of the women had inadequate level of serum retinol in each group. At the end of the 2 months of supplementation, 30% of the control group remained inadequate, while the totality of all the women in the test group had adequate serum retinol levels (≥1.05 μmol/l). That means an improvement of the vitamin A status in the test group. Results also show a significant (p < 0.05) increase of 36.3% of serum retinol in the test group against 3.8% in the control group. The women of the test group had more chances to see their serum retinol increasing compared to the control group. Consumption of yellow maize cake therefore improves the vitamin A status of lactating mothers. The population can therefore change their habits to consume yellow maize instead of the white maize variety popularly consumed.

关键词： Food Supplementation Yellow Maize Cake Lactating Mothers Vitamin A Status

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Associative Factors for Birth Asphyxia at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital—Malawi

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第5期5卷 22-31页

作者： edith Tewesa Ellen Chirwa Maureen Daisy Majamanda Alfred Maluwa Angela Chimwaza Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital Blantyre Malawi University of Malawi—Kamuzu College of Nursing Malawi

Background: Birth asphyxia is one of the major causes of neonatal deaths worldwide. Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) neonatal ward records indicate that 36.5% of neonates admitted in the ward from April to September 2012 had birth asphyxia. This study was conducted to explore associative factors for birth asphyxia at QECH. Methodology: The study design was descriptive cross sectional that employed quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. Data sources were case notes of neonates and their mothers.? Sample size was 87 neonates with birth asphyxia and 87 neonates admitted with conditions other than birth asphyxia as controls. Data were collected from November to December 2013. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version16.0 was used to analyze data. Results: Findings revealed that there were no maternal associative factors for birth asphyxia, however, foetal distress, prolonged first and second stage of labour were significant associative factors for birth asphyxia. Conclusion: Associative factors for birth asphyxia at QECH are Foetal distress, prolonged first and second stage of labour. These factors can be prevented if quality care is provided to women in labour through close monitoring of foetal heart, appropriate use of the partograph, prompt decision making and early interventions.

关键词： Neonates Birth Asphyxia Risk Factors

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Depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Jos,Nigeria

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第48期12卷 7844-7847页

作者： Nimzing G Ladep Taiwo J Obindo Moses D Audu edith N Okeke Abraham O Malu Department of Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Nigeria Department of Psychiatry Fac-ulty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Nigeria

AIM: To study the brain-gut interaction and the effect of behavioral or psychiatric conditions on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in an African population. METHODS: IBS was diagnosed using the Rome Ⅱ diagnostic criteria. The entry of each patient was confirmed following detailed explanations of the questions. Four hundred and eighteen patients were studied. Subjects satisfying the Rome Ⅱ criteria for IBS were physically examined and stool microscopy was done to identify the presence of “alarm factors”. Depression was diagnosed using the symptom-check list adapted from the Research Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-Ⅳ) of the American Psychiatric Association. RESULTS: Seventy-five (56.8%) of the 132 IBS patients were depressed whereas only 54 (20.1%) of the 268 non-IBS patients were depressed. There was a significant relationship between IBS and depression (χ2 = 54.29, Odds ratio = 5.21, 56.8 ± 8.4 vs 20.1 ± 5.2, P = 0.001). Even though constipation predominant IBS patients were more likely to be depressed, no significant relationship was found between the subtype of IBS and depression (χ2 = 0.02, OR = 0.95, P = 0.68). CONCLUSION: IBS is significantly associated with major depression but not gender and bowel subtypes of the patients. Patients with IBS need to be evaluated for depression due to the highly significant relationship between the two conditions.

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Depression Nigeria Africa

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第四章博比的旅行

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疯狂英语（新读写） 2021年第11期 38-40页

作者： edith Nesbit 不详

虽然生活拮据,但是孩子们却给整个家带来了欢乐和爱意。博比生日那天收到了许多礼物,其中一份礼物非常特殊,因为它让博比开启了一段冒险之旅。

关键词：礼物旅行生活

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Influence of Fresh Water on Microbubble Generation in an Airlift Column Applied to Aquaculture: Extraction Capacity

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1809-1823页

作者： Djimako Bongo Nekoulnang Djetounako Clarisse edith Kadjangaba Salif Gaye Jean-Yves Champagne Higher Normal School of Technology of Sarh Sarh Chad Paleontology Department National Research Center for Development of N’djamena N’djamena Chad Faculty of Sciences and Techniques University of Doba Doba Chad LME Materials and Energetics Laboratory University Institute of Technology Thiès Senegal Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics INSA-Lyon Lyon France

Bubble flows consist a liquid phase and a gaseous phase dispersed as bubbles. They occur in nature and in many industrial applications, such as oil transportation in pipelines and steam generators for power generation. Due to large difference in density between gas and liquid, the flottability force causes bubbles to rise, which in turn can generate overall motion and agitation in liquid. This use of gravity as a flow driver, which is specific to disperse phase systems, is used in process engineering (bubble columns and gasosiphon) to sparingly promote mixing and exchange between gas and liquid. In many applications, bubbles are used to agitate a liquid in order to promote mixing and transfers. This work is devoted to study of hydrodynamics of a bubble column. Experimentally, we have determined properties fluctuations of velocities inside the aquarium of rising homogeneous bubbles for different bubble sizes and vacuum rates. The interfacial area between gas and liquid phase is a crucial factor for mass transfer in bubble columns. The molecular exchange between a given volume of gas and water can be enhanced by formation of smaller bubbles, leading to a larger gas-liquid interface. This work presents the various physical phenomena that apply to bubbles, as well as associated dimensionless numbers. A state art of Micro-Bubble Generators (MBG) is then presented, presenting systems using various phenomena such as cavitation, electrolysis, or shear.

关键词： Vacuum Airlift Column MIBC Casein Turbidity Surfactant Coalescence

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第二章彼得与煤

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疯狂英语（新读写） 2021年第10期 41-43页

作者： edith Nesbit 不详

搬入新家后,彼得一家人开始了新的生活,但是一切并没有那么顺利。正如妈妈所说,他们即将过拮据的生活。那么孩子们会有什么法子来帮助家里过得更好呢?

关键词：彼得生活拮据

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