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Antimicrobial lipids:Emerging effector molecules of innate host defense

World Journal of Immunology 2015年第2期5卷 51-61页

作者： edith porter Daniel C Ma Sandy Alvarez Kym F Faull Department of Biological Sciences California State University Los Angeles Department of Medicine Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los Angeles University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles

The antimicrobial properties of host-derived derived lipids have become increasingly recognized and evidence is mounting that antimicrobial lipids （AMLs）, like antimicrobial peptides, are effector molecules of the innate immune system and are regulated by its conserved pathways. This review, with primary focus on the human body, provides some background on the biochemistry of lipids, summarizes their biological functions, expands on their antimicrobial properties and site-specifc composition, presents modes of synergism with antimicrobial peptides, and highlights the more recent reports on the regulation of AML production as well as bacterial resistance mechanisms. Based on extant data a concept of innate epithelial defense is proposed where epithelial cells, in response to microbial products and proinflammatory cytokines and through activation of conserved innate signaling pathways, increase their lipid uptake and up-regulate transcription of enzymes involved in antimicrobial lipid biosynthesis, and induce transcription of antimicrobial peptides as well as cytokines and chemokines. The subsequently secreted antimicrobial peptides and lipids then attack and eliminate the invader, assisted by or in synergism with other antimicrobial molecules delivered by other defense cells that have been recruited to the site of infection, in most of the cases. This review invites reconsideration of the interpretation of cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophage lipid droplets in response to infection as a solely proinflammatory event, and proposes a direct antimicrobial role of lipid droplet- associated cholesteryl esters. Finally, for the interested, but new- to- the-feld investigator some starting points for the characterization of AMLs are provided. Before it is possible to utilize AMLs for anti-infectious therapeutic and prophylactic approaches, we need to better understand pathogen responses to these lipids and their role in the pathogenesis of chronic infectious disease.

关键词： Atopic dermatitis Cholesterol Infectious disease Cystic fbrosis Mucosa

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From filaments to function: The role of the plant actin cytoskeleton in pathogen perception,signaling and immunity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第4期58卷 299-311页

作者： Katie porter Brad Day Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology Michigan State University Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University Graduate Program in Genetics Michigan State University

The eukaryotic actin cytoskeleton is required for numerous cellular processes, including cell shape, development and movement, gene expression and signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stress. In recent years,research in both plants and animal systems have described a function for actin as the ideal surveillance platform, linking the function and activity of primary physiological processes to the immune system. In this review, we will highlight recent advances that have defined the regulation and breadth of function of the actin cytoskeleton as a network required for defense signaling following pathogen infection. Coupled with an overview of recent work demonstrating specific targeting of the plant actin cytoskeleton by a diversity of pathogens,including bacteria, fungi and viruses, we will highlight the importance of actin as a key signaling hub in plants, one that mediates surveillance of cellular homeostasis and the activation of specific signaling responses following pathogen perception. B4 ased on the studies highlighted herein, we propose a working model that posits changes in actin filament organization is in and of itself a highly specific signal, which induces, regulates and physically directs stimulus-specific signaling processes, most importantly, those associated with response to pathogens.

关键词： Actin cytoskeleton immunity pathogen plant Pseudomonas syringae surveillance

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The geology, structure and mineralisation of the Oyu Tolgoi porphyry copper-gold-molybdenum deposits, Mongolia： A review

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 375-407页

作者： T.M.(Mike) porter porter CeoConsultancy Ply Ltd. Linden Park 5065 SA Australia

The Oyu Tolgoi cluster of seven porphyry Cu-Au-Mo deposits in southern Mongolia,define a narrow,linear,12 km long,almost continuously mineralised trend,which contains in excess of 42 Mt of Cu and1850 t of Au,and is among the largest high grade porphyry Cu-Au deposits in the *** deposits lie within the Gurvansayhan island-arc terrane,a fault bounded segment of the broader Silurian to Carboniferous Kazakh-Mongol arc,located towards the southern margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt,a collage of magmatic arcs that were periodically active from the late Neoproterozoic to PermoTriassic,extending from the Urals Mountains to the Pacific *** at Oyu Tolgoi is associated with multiple,overlapping,intrusions of late Devonian（～372 to 370 Ma） quartzmonzodiorite intruding Devonian（or older） juvenile,probably intra-oceanic arc-related,basaltic lavas and lesser volcaniclastic rocks,unconformably overlain by late Devonian（～370 Ma） basaltic to dacitic pyroclastic and volcano sedimentary *** quartz-monzodiorite intrusions range from earlymineral porphyritic dykes,to larger,linear,syn-,late- and post-mineral dykes and *** was deposited within syn-mineral quartz-monzodiorites,but is dominantly hosted by augite basalts and to a lesser degree by overlying dacitic pyroclastic *** ore deposition,an allochthonous plate of older Devonian（or pre-Devonian） rocks was overthrust and a post-ore biotite granodiorite intruded at～365 *** is characterised by varying,telescoped stages of intrusion and *** A-type quartz veined dykes were followed by Cu-Au mineralisation associated with potassic alteration,mainly K-feldspar in quartz-monzodiorite and biotite-magnetite in basaltic *** reflux of cooled,late-magmatic hydrothermal fluid resulted in intense quartz-sericite retrograde alteration in the upper parts of the main syn-mineral intrusions,and an equivalent chlorite-muscovite/illite-hematite assemblage in bas

关键词： Tectonic setting Porphyry copper-gold-molybdenum deposit High sulphidation Geology Alteration Structure

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Regional tectonics, geology, magma chamber processes and mineralisation of the Jinchuan nickel-copper-PGE deposit, Gansu Province, China： A review

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Geoscience Frontiers 2016年第3期7卷 431-451页

作者： T.M. (Mike) porter porter GeoConsultancy Pry Ltd. Linden Park 5065 SA Australia

The Jinchuan Ni-Cu-PGE deposit（〉500 Mt @1.2%Ni,0.7%Cu,～0.4 g/t PGE）,one of the largest magmatic sulphide deposits in the world,is located within the westernmost terrane of the North China *** is hosted within the 6.5 km long,Neoproterozoic（～0.83 Ga） Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion,emplaced as a sill-like body into a Palaeoproterozoic suite of gneisses,migmatites,marbles and amphibolites,below an active intracratonic *** parental magma was high-Mg basalt,generated through melting of subcrustal lithospheric mantle by a mantle plume during the initiation of Rodinia supercontinent *** lower Palaeozoic collision of the exotic Qilian Block with the breakup-related southern margin of the craton accreted a subduction complex,and emplaced voluminous granitic intrusions and foreland basin sequences within the craton,to as far north as *** the Cainozoic,allochthonous lower Palaeozoic rocks were thrust up to 300 km to the northeast over cratonic basement,to within 25 km of the Jinchuan *** Jinchuan ultramafic intrusion was injected into three interconnected sub-chambers,each containing a separate *** essentially comprises an olivine-orthopyroxene-chromite cumulate,with interstitial orthopyroxene,clinopyroxene,plagioclase and phlogopite,and is predominantly composed of lherzolite（～80%）,with an outer rim of olivine pyroxenite and cores of mineralised *** occurs as disseminated and net-textured sulphides,predominantly within the dunite,with lesser,PGE rich lenses,late massive sulphide accumulations,small copper rich pods and limited mineralised diopside skarn in wall rock *** principal ore minerals are pyrrhotite（the dominant sulphide）,pentlandite,chalcopyrite,cubanite,mackinawite and pyrite,with a variety of platinum group minerals and minor *** deposit underwent significant post-magmatic tremolite-actinolite,chlorite,serpentine and magnetite *** volume of thejinchuan intrusion accounts for 〈3%

关键词： Rodinia break-up rifting Plume related Deep staging chamber Olivine-orthopyroxene-chromite cumulate Net textured and disseminated sulphides Post-magmatic alteration

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Nanoparticle assembly enabled by EHD-printed monolayers

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2017年第1期3卷 154-162页

作者： Benjamin Francis porter Nhlakanipho Mkhize Harish Bhaskaran Department of Materials University of OxfordOxford OX13PHUK

Augmenting existing devices and structures at the nanoscale with unique functionalities is an exciting *** is the ability to eventually enable at the nanoscale,a version of rapid prototyping via additive *** this requires a step-up in manufacturing for industrial use of these devices through fast,inexpensive prototyping with nanoscale *** this paper,we combine two very promising techniques—self-assembly and printing—to achieve additively nanomanufactured *** start by showing that monolayers can drive the assembly of nanoparticles into pre-defined patterns with single-particle resolution;then crucially we demonstrate for the first time that molecular monolayers can be printed using electrohydrodynamic(EHD)-jet *** functionality and resolution of such printed monolayers then drives the self-assembly of nanoparticles,demonstrating the integration of EHD with *** shows that such process combinations can lead towards more integrated process flows in ***,in-process metrology is a key requirement for any large-scale nanomanufacturing,and we show that Dual-Harmonic Kelvin Probe Microscopy provides a robust metrology technique to characterising these patterned structures through the convolution of geometrical and environmental *** represent a first step toward combining different additive nanomanufacturing techniques and metrology techniques that could in future provide additively nanomanufactured devices and structures.

关键词： additive nanomanufacturing dual-harmonic Kelvin probe microscopy electrohydrodynamic printing self-assembly 24 nanoparticles

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TRAINING　OF　AN　ORTHOPEDIC　SURGEON

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中华骨科杂志 1996年第8期 56-59页

作者：ＲｉｃｈａｒｄＷ．Ｐｏｒｔｅｒ

ＴＲＡＩＮＩＮＧＯＦＡＮＯＲＴＨＯＰＥＤＩＣＳＵＲＧＥＯＮＡｓｐｅｅｃｈｇｉｖｅｎａｔｔｈｅ＇９５ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｎｇｒｅｓｏｎＯｒｔｈｏｐｅｄｉｃｓ，Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ，Ｃｈｉｎａ．ＲｉｃｈａｒｄＷ．Ｐｏ... 详细信息

ＴＲＡＩＮＩＮＧＯＦＡＮＯＲＴＨＯＰＥＤＩＣＳＵＲＧＥＯＮＡｓｐｅｅｃｈｇｉｖｅｎａｔｔｈｅ＇９５ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｎｇｒｅｓｏｎＯｒｔｈｏｐｅｄｉｃｓ，Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ，Ｃｈｉｎａ．ＲｉｃｈａｒｄＷ．ＰｏｒｔｅｒＡｒａｐｉｄｅｘｐａｎｓｉ...

关键词：矫形外科外科医生创伤 AN OF ORTHOPEDIC SURGEON TRAINING 外科大夫

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Development of high damage threshold laser-machined apodizers and gain filters for laser applications

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 113-119页

作者： Patrick Rambo Jens Schwarz Mark Kimmel John L.porter Sandia National Laboratories

We have developed high damage threshold filters to modify the spatial profile of a high energy laser beam. The filters are formed by laser ablation of a transmissive window. The ablation sites constitute scattering centers which can be filtered in a subsequent spatial filter. By creating the filters in dielectric materials, we see an increased laser-induced damage threshold from previous filters created using ‘metal on glass' lithography.

关键词： apodization laser beam shaping laser micro-machining spatial filtering

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Opinion: Agriculture Green Development

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第1期7卷 117-119页

作者： John R.porter Department of Life Sciences University of CopenhagenDK-1017 Copenhagen KDenmark University of Montpellier 34090 MontpellierFrance

Charles Dickens’novel A Tale of Two Cities begins with the words,"It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity."We live in the best of times and simultaneously we live in the worst of times—the best of times because.

关键词： Development Opinion foolishness

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An interview with Professor Jonathan Locke Hart

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2023年第2期7卷 106-116页

作者： David porter Omid Azadibougar Hunan Normal University

Professor Jonathan Locke Hart answers our questions about Comparative Literature in Canada,Canadian indigenous literary traditions,Shakespeare,and the dominance of American academia,and the English *** refers to a wide range of texts and scholars,his personal experience as a poet and scholar,and comments on the potential future of our shared disciplines.

关键词： indigenous literary traditions Shakespeare Eurocentricism Canadian Literature Comparative Literature

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Insight into the Disciplinary Structure of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

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Journal of Data and Information Science 2017年第1期2卷 70-88页

作者： Chunjuan Luan Alan L.porter Faculty of Administration and Law Dalian University of Technology School of Public Policy Georgia Institute of Technology

Purpose： This paper aims to gain an insight into the disciplinary structure of nanoscience ＆ nanotechnology （N＆N）： What is the disciplinary network of N＆N like？ Which disciplines are being integrated into N＆N over time？ For a specific discipline, how many other disciplines have direct or indirect connections with it？ What are the distinct subgroups of N＆N at different evolutionary stages？ Such critical issues are to be addressed in this paper. Design/methodology/approach： We map the disciplinary network structure of N＆N by employing the social network analysis tool, Netdraw, identifying which Web of Science Categories （WCs） mediate nbetweenness centrality in different stages of nano development. Cliques analysis embedded in the Ucinet program is applied to do the disciplinary cluster analysis in the study according to the path of ＂Network-Subgroup-Cliques,＂ and a tree diagram is selected as the visualizing type. Findings： The disciplinary network structure reveals the relationships among different disciplines in the N＆N developing process clearly, and it is easy for us to identify which disciplines are connected with the core ＂N＆N＂ directly or indirectly. The tree diagram showing N＆N related disciplines provides an interesting perspective on nano research and development （R＆D） structure. Research limitations： The matrices used to draw the N＆N disciplinary network are the original ones, and normalized matrix could be tried in future similar studies. Practical implications： Results in this paper can help us better understand the disciplinary structure of N＆N, and the dynamic evolution of N＆N related disciplines over time. The findings could benefit R＆D decision making. It can support policy makers from government agencies engaging in science and technology （S＆T） management or S＆T strategy planners to formulate efficient decisions according to a perspective of converging sciences and technologies. Originality/value： The novelty of this study lies in mapping the discipl

关键词： Nanoscience & nanotechnology (N&N) Disciplinary structure Social network analysis Cluster analysis Cliques analysis Dynamic evolution

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