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COVID-19 Spread Patterns Is Unrelated to Malaria Co-Infections in Lagos, Nigeria

Advances in Infectious Diseases 2020年第4期10卷 200-215页

作者： Olufemi Samuel Amoo Olugbenga Olanrewaju Aina Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe Chika Kingsley Onwuamah Joseph Ojonugwa Shaibu Fehintola Ige Kelly Owaneze Hammed Olanrewaju Agboola Dorcas Njeri Kareithi Tochukwu Ifeanyi Onuigbo Amaka Stephanie Ikemefuna Joy Isioma Oraegbu ebenezer olusoji odewale Leona Chika Okoli Olusola Ajibaye Ayorinde Babatunde James Ganiyu Idris Greg Ohihoin Bosun Tijani Temmie Giwa-Tunbosun Richard Adegbola Babatunde Lawal Salako Rosemary Ajuma Audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Microbiology Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Biochemistry Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Co-Creation Hub Lagos Nigeria Lifebank Lagos Nigeria

Malaria and COVID-19, though caused by different organisms, share a significant number of symptoms like fever, headaches, difficulty in breathing and fatigue. Therefore, determining if a patient is positive for COVID-19 or Malaria based on symptoms alone, might be misleading, especially during pandemic response. It has been reported that an individual begins to manifest Malaria symptoms between 10 - 15 days after infection with malaria parasite, although some individuals may be asymptomatic. Some COVID-19 infected patients, like Malaria, are also asymptomatic but could contribute to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. These similarities in symptoms have led to misconception about COVID-19 being real and misdiagnoses of both infections, especially in Nigeria. However, there are possibilities that Malaria and COVID-19 could co-exist in some individuals thereby leading to mismanagement and treatment of only one infection while neglecting the possibility of the patient being infected with both diseases. We aim to determine possible correlation between Malaria and COVID-19 in a Malaria endemic country like Nigeria. This study was carried out using the qPCR molecular testing approach, a gold standard for COVID-19 testing and rapid diagnostic test kits to detect Malaria parasites in 617 individuals residing in urban settings. We demonstrated that COVID-19 and Malaria infection amongst adults in urban settings are unrelated thereby focusing on symptoms alone may result in misdiagnosis. Our findings show that Malaria is not among the underlying medical conditions strongly associated with increased risk for severe COVID-19 illness amongst adults in urban settings.

关键词： Malaria COVID-19 Symptoms

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The Effectiveness of Infection Control Practices among Health Care Workers Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2021年第2期11卷 232-239页

作者： Fehintola A. Ige Aigbe G. Ohihoin Bosede O. Amuda Olufemi S. Amoo Chika K. Onwuamah Azuka P. Okwuraiwe Joseph O. Shaibu ebenezer O. odewale Ayorinde B. James Adeleke Kayode Adefunke Adeshina Rosemary A. Audu Centre for Human Virology and Genomics Department of Microbiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Clinical Science Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Centre for Tuberculosis Research Department of Microbiology Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Biochemistry Department Nigerian Institute of Medical Research Lagos Nigeria Department of Community Health & Primary Health Care Lagos State University Teaching Hospital Lagos Nigeria Lagos State Ministry of Health Ikeja Lagos Nigeria

Background: The world is currently experiencing a healthcare crisis caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of controlling the spread of the disease;this response has resulted in a huge number of infections amongst HCWs and unfortunately some casualties. Infection prevention and control practices (IPC) are practical, proven methods that prevent avoidable harm to patients and protect health workers from contagious infection. This study was done to evaluate the effectiveness of IPC practices utilized in COVID-19 testing drive through facility in Lagos Nigeria. Method: The facility recruited 42 HCWs who were trained on IPC and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs). Training on donning and doffing of PPEs, preparation of decontaminants and sample handling were done for relevant personnel. A daily log for monitoring COVID-19 symptoms was deployed to all HCWs;to help early detection of COVID-19 infection and prevent transmission amongst staff. Results: Of 42 personnel, 92.8% had a tertiary level of education while 71.4% had at least 5 years work experience. A total of 5 (11.9%) out of 42 HCWs were positive by week six of the study. All infected persons worked at the drive through centre. Most common symptom filled in the daily log tool was headache and fatigue. Conclusion: Despite all the measures introduced, 11.9% of HCWs became positive within 6 weeks, showing the highly infectious nature of the virus and the need to research into more effective measures in preventing the transmission of highly infectious pathogens to HCWs during outbreaks.

关键词： Healthcare Workers Infection Prevention and Control COVID-19 Pandemic

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