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Adaptive PID controller based on Q-learning algorithm

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2018年第4期3卷 235-244页

作者： Qian Shi Hak-Keung lam Bo Xiao Shun-Hung Tsai Department of Informatics King’s College LondonBush HouseStrand Campus30 AldwychLondon WC2B 4BGUK Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery Imperial College LondonLondon SW7 2AZUK Graduate Institute of Automation Technology National Taipei University of TechnologyTaipei 10608Taiwan

An adaptive proportional–integral–derivative(PID)controller based on Q-learning algorithm is proposed to balance the cart–pole system in simulation *** controller was trained using Q-learning algorithm and implemented the learned Q-tables to change the gains of linear PID controllers according to the state of the system during the control *** adaptive PID controller based on Q-learning algorithm was trained from a set of fixed initial positions and was able to balance the system starting from a series of initial positions that are different from the ones used in the training session,which achieved equivalent or even better performances in comparison with the conventional PID controller and the controller only uses Q-learning *** indicates the advantage of the adaptive PID controller based on Q-learning algorithm both in the generality of balancing the cart–pole system from a relatively wide range of initial positions and in the stabilisability of achieving smaller steady-state error.

关键词： Adaptive PID the controller

Toward Carbon-Neutral Water Systems:Insights from Global Cities

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engineering 2022年第7期8卷 77-85页

作者： Ka Leung lam Gang Liu Anne Marieke Motelica-Wagenaar Jan Peter van der Hoek Division of Natural and Applied Sciences Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215316China Research Center for eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Waternet Amsterdam 1096 ACNetherlands Department of Water Management Delft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CNNetherlands

Many cities have pledged to achieve carbon *** urban water industry can also contribute its share to a carbon-neutral *** a multi-city time-series analysis approach,this study aims to assess the progress and lessons learned from the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions management of urban water systems in four global cities:Amsterdam,Melbourne,New York City,and *** cities are advanced in setting GHG emissions reduction targets and reporting GHG emissions in their water *** four cities have reduced the GHG emissions in their water industries,compared with those from more than a decade ago(i.e.,the latest three-year moving averages are 13%–32%lower),although the emissions have“rebounded”multiple times over the *** emissions reductions were mainly due to various engineering opportunities such as solar and mini-hydro power generation,biogas valorization,sludge digestion and incineration optimization,and aeration system *** cities have recognized the many challenges in reaching carbon-neutrality goals,which include fluctuating water demand and rainfall,more carbon-intensive flood-prevention and water-supply strategies,meeting new air and water quality standards,and revising GHG emissions accounting *** study has also shown that it is difficult for the water industry to achieve carbon neutrality on its own.A collaborative approach with other sectors is needed when aiming toward the city’s carbon-neutrality *** an approach involves expanding the usual system boundary of the water industry to externally tap into both engineering and non-engineering opportunities.

关键词： Urban water Greenhouse gas emissions Cities Climate change mitigation Carbon neutrality

Chemical characteristics of aerosols at coastal station in Hong Kong.Ⅱ. environmental behavior of trace elements during the April 1995 to April 1996

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2004年第2期16卷 212-221页

作者： K.S.lam Z.L.Cheng S.C.Kot C.W.Tsang Department of Civil and Structural engineering the Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityResearch Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water BayDepartment of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Hong Kong ChinaBeijing 100085 ChinaHong Kong ChinaHung Hom Hong Kong China

An one-year of sampling aerosol program was carried out during the period of April 1995 to April 1996 at coastal region, Cape D′Aguilar, in Hong Kong. The trace element composition of aerosol particles(TSP and PM 10 ) were measured and analyzed by using the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis(INAA) and Inductive Couple Plasma-Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) techniques. The results showed that the polluted elements such as: V, Zn, As, Pb, Cd, Sb, I, Se, Bi, with high enrichment factor(e.F) values, are derived from anthropogenic sources, while Sc, Al, Fe, Mn, Sm, La, Sr are less than 10 in e.F, these elements are related the crust and soil. The concentration of the trace elements are present seasonal variation i.e. summer low and winter high, whereas the V or noncrustal V(V *) present summer high and winter low, this phenomenon might be explained by local or regional oil combustion sources. Use three type of elemental ratio, e.g. La/Sm, Mn */V * and Bi/Al indicate that both TSP and PM 10 of La/Sm ratios are mainly related to soil and dust, Mn */V * are probably represent fossil combustion and Bi/Al are possibly associated with refuse incineration, ferromanganese alloys and aluminum production. The varimax rotation factor analysis for trace elements was performed. By means of the absolute principal component analysis(APCA) and multiple regression, the contribution of trace elements to possible sources and overall means of trace elements were estimated. The results showed that the present station is impacted by the anthropogenic species, although the quantities are different during the summertime and wintertime.

关键词： TSP PM 10 trace elements enhancement factor element ratios seasonal variation factor analysis

Blockchain for education:Verification and Management of Lifelong Learning Data

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Computer Systems Science & engineering 2022年第11期43卷 591-604页

作者： Ba-lam Do Van-Thanh Nguyen Hoang-Nam Dinh Thanh-Chung Dao BinhMinh Nguyen School of Information and Communication Technology Hanoi University of Science and TechnologyHanoiVietnam

In recent years,blockchain technology has been applied in the educational domain because of its salient advantages,i.e.,transparency,decentralization,and *** systems typically use public blockchain networks such as ethereum and Bitcoin to store learning ***,the cost of writing data on these networks is significant,making educational institutions limit data sent to the target network,typically containing only hash codes of the issued *** this paper,we present a system based on a private blockchain network for lifelong learning data authentication and management named B4e(Blockchain For education).B4e stores not only certificates but also learners’training data such as transcripts and educational programs in order to create a complete record of the lifelong education of each user and verify certificates that they have *** a result,B4e can address two types of fake certificates,i.e.,certificates printed by unlawful organizations and certificates issued by educational institutions for learners who have not met the training *** addition,B4e is designed to allow all participants to easily deploy software packages to manage,share,and check stored information without depending on a single point of *** such,the system enhances the transparency and reliability of the stored *** experiments show that B4e meets expectations for deployment in reality.

关键词： Training data certificate verification and management private blockchain

AN IMAGe MAGNIFICATION ALGORITHM USING THe GVF CONSTRAINT MODeL

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Journal of electronics(China) 2008年第4期25卷 568-571页

作者： Li Xiaoguang lam Kin-Man Shen Lansun Signal and Information Processing Laboratory Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100022 China Centre for Multimedia Signal Processing Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

An image magnification method with a Gradient Vector Flow(GVF)constraint-basedanisotropic diffusion model is proposed in this letter.A Low-Resolution(LR)image is first magnifiedusing bilinear interpolation,and then an iterative image restoration method,with the use of an ani-sotropic diffusion model and a Gaussian moving-average constraint,is applied to the magnified *** estimated GVF of a High-Resolution(HR)image can be used to remove the jagged effect and topreserve the textural structure in the ***,the use of the Gaussian moving-average LRmodel can provide a data fidelity constraint,which renders a magnified image closer to the ideal *** results show that the proposed method can improve the quality of magnifiedimages in terms of both objective and subjective criteria.

关键词： Image magnification Super resolution Anisotropic diffusion Gradient-Vector Flow (GVF)

Contributions to the flora of Myanmar from 2000 to 2019

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 292-301页

作者： Bin Yang Min Deng Ming-Xia Zhang Aung Zaw Moe Hong-Bo Ding Mya Bhone Maw Pyae Pyae.win Richard TCorlett Yun-Hong Tan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan666303PR China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunMenglaYunnan666303PR China School of ecology and environmental Science Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan650091PR China Forest Research Institute Forest DepartmentMinistry of Environmental Conservation and ForestryYezinNay Pyi Taw05282Myanmar

Myanmar is botanically rich and floristically diverse:one of the world's biodiversity ***,Myanmar is still very unevenly explored,and until a plant checklist was published in 2003,relatively little work was done on its *** checklist included 11,800 species of spermatophytes in 273 *** this checklist was published,the botanical exploration of Myanmar has accelerated and there have been many additional *** therefore surveyed the literature of taxonomic contributions to Myanmar’s vascular flora over the last 20 years(2000e2019)and compiled a list of new and newly described *** list includes 13 genera,193 species,7 subspecies,19 varieties,and 2 forms new to science;and 3 families,34 genera,347 species,4 subspecies,7 varieties,and 1 form newly recorded in ***,they represent 91 families and 320 *** of the new discoveries belong to 15 families,with more than 25%(146 taxa)belonging to *** new discoveries are unevenly distributed in the country,with about 41%of the newly discovered species described from Kachin State in northeast *** reflects the incompleteness of our current knowledge of the flora of Myanmar and the urgent need for a greatly expanded *** completion of the flora of Myanmar requires more fieldwork from north to south,taxonomic studies on new and existing collections,and some mechanism that both coordinates the efforts of various international institutions and initiatives and encourages continued international *** addition,producing modern taxonomic treatments of the flora of Myanmar requires the participation of experts on all vascular plant families and *** is also an urgent need to attract young scientists to plant taxonomy,to work on inventories,identification,nomenclature,herbarium work,and comparative studies.

关键词： Flora New species Taxonomy Plant diversity Specimens

evaluation of referrals for genetic investigation of short stature in Hong Kong

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Chinese Medical Journal 2002年第4期000卷 127-131页

作者： lam Wai Fan Fanny, HAU Wai Lok edgar and lam Tak Sum Stephen Clinical Genetic Service, Department of Health, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (lam WFF, Hau WLe and lam TSS) Clinical Genetic Service Department of Health Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China

To establish a profile of the causes of apparently unexplained SS in genetic ref erral center and evaluate the current referral system Methods This was a retrospective database survey on patients who were referred our clini cal genetic service from 1988-1998 primarily because of SS We retrieved the st udy population from our computer database using "short stature" as a search han dle and then studied the demographic, clinical and laboratory data from their me dical records Results Three hundred and fifty three subjects were referred for genetic evaluation of SS in 1988-1998 The mean age of referred subjects was 11 5 years and the female to male ratio was 7 6 All referrals had undergone cytogenetic studies to exclude chromosomal abnormal ities, 19% of girls with apparently unexplained short stature had Turner syndrom e; at least 47 9% of the study population were normal variants and 25% of the referrals had inadequate information for classification Conclusions Genetic investigation is essential in the management of patients with SS, especi ally for girls suspected of having Turner syndrome, in which growth hormone trea tment has shown to improve final height We also highlight the inherited causes of short stature, which were often misdiagnosed as benign familial short statur e, and discussed the drawbacks of the current referral

关键词： genetic investigation · etiology · short stature

Sucrose induces flowering by degradation of the floral repressor Ghd7 via K48-linked polyubiquitination in rice

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JOURNAL OF INTeGRATIVe PLANT BIOLOGY 2024年第12期66卷 2683-2700页

作者： Cho, Lae-Hyeon Yoon, Jinmi Baek, Gibeom Tun, win Kwon, Hyeok Chan Lee, Dae-Woo Choi, Seok-Hyun Lee, Yang-Seok Jeon, Jong-Seong An, Gynheung Pusan Natl Univ Coll Nat Resources & Life Sci Dept Plant Biosci Miryang 50463 South Korea Pusan Natl Univ Life & Ind Convergence Res Inst Miryang 50463 South Korea Inha Univ Dept Biol Sci Incheon 22212 South Korea Inha Univ Ind Acad Interact R&E Ctr Bioproc Innovat Dept Biol Sci & Bioengn Incheon 22212 South Korea Kyung Hee Univ Crop Biotech Inst Yongin 17104 South Korea Kyung Hee Univ Grad Sch Green Bio Sci Yongin 17104 South Korea

Sucrose functions as a signaling molecule in several metabolic pathways as well as in various developmental processes. However, the molecular mechanisms by which sucrose regulates these processes remain largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that sucrose promotes flowering by mediating the stability of a regulatory protein that represses flowering in rice. exogenous application of sucrose promoted flowering by inducing florigen gene expression. Reduction of sucrose levels in the phloem through genetic modifications, such as the overexpression of the vacuolar invertase OsVIN2 or the mutation of OsSUT2, a sucrose transporter, delayed flowering. Analysis of relative transcript levels of floral regulatory genes showed that sucrose activated ehd1 upstream of the florigen, with no significant effect on the expression of other upstream genes. examination of protein stability after sucrose treatment of major floral repressors revealed that the Ghd7 protein was specifically degraded. The Ghd7 protein interacted with the e3 ligase IPA INTeRACTING PROTeIN1 (IPI1), and sucrose-induced K48-linked polyubiquitination of Ghd7 via IPI1, leading to protein degradation. Mutants defective in IPI1 delayed flowering, confirming its role in modulating proteins involved in flowering. We conclude that sucrose acts as a signaling molecule to induce flowering by promoting Ghd7 degradation via IPI1. In response to sucrose, the e3 ligase IDeAL PLANT ARCHITeCTURe 1 INTeRACTOR 1 mediates the K48-linked polyubiquitination of the flowering repressor Grain and heading date 7, leading to its degradation and thereby accelerating flowering in ***

关键词： flowering time Ghd7 IPI1 K48-linked polyubiquitination rice sucrose

Unknown DDoS Attack Detection with Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2181-2205页

作者： Thanh-lam Nguyen HaoKao Thanh-Tuan Nguyen Mong-Fong Horng Chin-Shiuh Shieh Department of electronic engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and TechnologyKaohsiung807618Taiwan Department of electronic and Automation engineering Nha Trang UniversityNha Trang650000Vietnam

Since its inception,the Internet has been rapidly *** the advancement of science and technology and the explosive growth of the population,the demand for the Internet has been on the *** applications in education,healthcare,entertainment,science,and more are being increasingly deployed based on the ***,malicious threats on the internet are on the rise as *** Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks are among the most common and dangerous threats on the internet *** scale and complexity of DDoS attacks are constantly *** Detection Systems(IDS)have been deployed and have demonstrated their effectiveness in defense against those *** addition,the research of Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)in IDS has gained effective results and significant ***,one of the challenges when applying ML and DL techniques in intrusion detection is the identification of unknown *** attacks,which are not encountered during the system’s training,can lead to misclassification with significant *** this research,we focused on addressing the issue of Unknown Attack Detection,combining two methods:Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss(SLCPL)and Fuzzy C-Means(FCM).With the proposed method,we achieved promising results compared to traditional *** proposed method demonstrates a very high accuracy of up to 99.8%with a low false positive rate for known attacks on the Intrusion Detection evaluation Dataset(CICIDS2017)***,the accuracy is also very high,reaching 99.7%,and the precision goes up to 99.9%for unknown DDoS attacks on the DDoS evaluation Dataset(CICDDoS2019)*** success of the proposed method is due to the combination of SLCPL,an advanced Open-Set Recognition(OSR)technique,and FCM,a traditional yet highly applicable clustering *** has yielded a novel method in the field of unknown attack *** further expands the trend of applying DL and M

关键词： Cybersecurity DDoS unknown attack detection machine learning deep learning incremental learning convolutional neural networks(CNN) open-set recognition(OSR) spatial location constraint prototype loss fuzzy c-means CICIDS2017 CICDDoS2019