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Do tensile and shear forces exerted on cells influence mechanotransduction through stored energy considerations?

BIOCeLL 2024年第4期48卷 525-540页

作者： FReDeRICK h.SILVeR TANMAY DeShMUKh Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA OptoVibronex LLC.Ben Franklin Tech PartnersBethlehemPA 18015USA

All tissues in the body are subjected externally to gravity and internally by collagenﬁbril and cellular retractive forces that create stress and energy equilibrium required for *** involves mechanical work(force through a distance)and energy storage as kinetic and potential *** leads to changes in cell mitosis or apoptosis and the synthesis or loss of tissue *** involves the application of energy directly to cells through integrin-mediated processes,cell-cell connections,stretching of the cell cytoplasm,and activation of the cell nucleus via yes-associated protein(YAP)and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-motif(TAZ).These processes involve numerous complexes,intermediate molecules,and multiple *** pathways have been identiﬁed from research studies on vertebrate cell culture and from studies in *** pathways involve mechanosensors and other molecules that activate the *** review discusses the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)family,hippo,hedgehog,and Wingless-related integration site(WNT)/βcatenin signaling *** mediators covered includeβcatenin,ion channels,growth factors,hormone receptors,members of the Ras superfamily,and components of the linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton(LINC)***,the interrelationship among the different pathways remains to be clariﬁ***-mediated mechanotransduction involves direct tensile loading and energy applied to the cell membrane via collagenﬁbril *** energy is transferred between cells by stretching the cell-cell connections involving cadherins and the WNT/βcatenin *** alterations induce changes in intracellular events in the cytoskeleton and nuclear skeleton caused by the release of YAP and *** coactivators then penetrate through the nuclear pores and inﬂuence nuclear cell *** in the balance of forces and energy applied to cells and tissues is hypothesized to shift th

关键词： MAPK family hippo hedgehog WNT pathway βcatenin Ion channels Growth factor receptors hormone receptors Ras superfamily LINC complex Collagen Cadherins

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Neurological consequences of human calmodulin mutations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 943-944页

作者： helene h.Jensen Anders Olsen Medical Biotechnology Department of Chemistry and BiosciencesAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark

When calcium ions enter the cytosol,it is a stimulatory signal for cellular *** calcium sensor calmodulin picks up the change in calcium concentration and relays this information to its more than 300 downstream interaction *** this way,calmodulin affects cellular processes such as fertilization,muscle contraction,neuronal firing,and *** is,calmodulin is involved in(nearly)everything!The significance of calmodulin is emphasized by the fact that we all carry three different genes(CALM1,2,3)on different chromosomes that encode the exact same calmodulin protein,and these are all expressed in all cell ***,throughout vertebrate evolution,the protein sequence has remained completely unchanged.

关键词： consequences unchanged calmodulin

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B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and hybrid immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： Dennis Lapuente Thomas h.Winkler Matthias Tenbusch Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine *** addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy *** recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell(MBC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced *** also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort *** with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected *** this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines IgG4

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Gut microbial regulation of innate and adaptive immunity after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 272-276页

作者： Marta Celorrio Kirill Shumilov Stuart h.Friess Department of Pediatrics Washington University in St.Louis School of MedicineSt.LouisMOUSA

Acute care management of traumatic brain injury is focused on the prevention and reduction of secondary insults such as hypotension,hypoxia,intracranial hypertension,and detrimental ***,the imperative to balance multiple clinical concerns simultaneously often results in therapeutic strategies targeted to address one clinical concern causing unintended effects in other remote organ *** the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the brain has been shown to influence both the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract homeostasis in health and disease.A critical component of this axis is the microorganisms of the gut known as the gut *** in gut microbial populations in the setting of central nervous system disease,including traumatic brain injury,have been reported in both humans and experimental animal models and can be further disrupted by off-target effects of patient *** this review article,we will explore the important role gut microbial populations play in regulating brain-resident and peripheral immune cell responses after traumatic brain *** will discuss the role of bacterial metabolites in gut microbial regulation of neuroinflammation and their potential as an avenue for therapeutic intervention in the setting of traumatic brain injury.

关键词： gut microbiome gut microbiota gut-brain axis macrophage microglia monocyte neuroinflammation short-chain fatty acids T cell traumatic brain injury

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Data-Driven Fault Detection of Multiple Open-Circuit Faults for MMC Systems Based on Long Short-Term Memory Networks

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CSee Journal of Power and energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1563-1574页

作者： Chenxi Fan Kaishun Xiahou Lei Wang Q.h.Wu School of electric Power engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

This paper presents a long short-term memory(LSTM)-based fault detection method to detect the multiple open-circuit switch faults of modular multilevel converter(MMC)systems with full-bridge sub-modules(FB-SMs).eighteen sensor signals of grid voltages,grid currents and capacitance voltages of MMC for single and multi-switch faults are collected as sampling *** output signal characteristics of four types of single switch faults of FB-SM,as well as double switch faults in the same and different phases of MMC,are analyzed under the conditions of load variations and control command changes.A multi-layer LSTM network is devised to deeply extract the fault characteristics of MMC under different faults and operation conditions,and a Softmax layer detects the fault *** results have confirmed that the proposed LSTM-based method has better detection performance compared with three other methods:K-nearest neighbor(KNN),naive bayes(NB)and recurrent neural network(RNN).In addition,it is highly robust to model uncertainties and Gaussian *** validity of the proposed method is further demonstrated by experiment studies conducted on a hardware-in-the-loop(hIL)testing platform.

关键词： Fault detection long short-term memory(LSTM) modular multilevel converter(MMC) open circuit fault

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Morphology-Tailored Dynamic State Transition in Active-Passive Colloidal Assemblies

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Research 2024年第3期2024卷 751-760页

作者： Nan Yu Zameer h.Shah Mingcheng Yang Yongxiang Gao Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University518060ShenzhenChina Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Device and Systems of Ministry of education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen University518060ShenzhenChina Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory DongguanGuangdong 523808China.

Mixtures of active self-propelled and passive colloidal particles promise rich assembly and dynamic states that are beyond reach via equilibrium ***,controllable transition between different dynamic states remains ***,we reveal a plethora of dynamic behaviors emerging in assemblies of chemically propelled snowman-like active colloids and passive spherical particles as the particle shape,size,and composition are *** example,assembles of one or more active colloids with one passive particle exhibit distinct translating or orbiting states while those composed of one active colloid with 2 passive particles display persistent“8”-like cyclic motion or hopping between circling states around one passive particle in the plane and around the waist of 2 passive ones out of the plane,controlled by the shape of the active colloid and the size of the passive particles,*** morphology-tailored dynamic transitions are in excellent agreement with state diagrams predicted by mesoscale dynamics *** work discloses new dynamic states and corresponding transition strategies,which promise new applications of active systems such as micromachines with functions that are otherwise impossible.

关键词： Transition otherwise transitions

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Location of Asymmetric Ground Fault Using Virtual Injected Current Ratio and Two-stage Recovery Strategy in Distribution Networks

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CSee Journal of Power and energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 151-161页

作者： haiting Shan Luliang Zhang Q.h.Wu Mengshi Li School of electric Power engineering South China University of Technology(SCUT)Guangzhou 510641China

Sparse measurements challenge fault location in distribution *** paper proposes a method for asymmetric ground fault location in distribution networks with limited measurements.A virtual injected current vector is formulated to estimate the fault line,which can be reconstructed from voltage sags measured at a few buses using compressive sensing(CS).The relationship between the virtual injected current ratio(VICR)and fault position is deduced from circuit analysis to pinpoint the ***,a two-stage recovery strategy is proposed for improving reconstruction accuracy of the current vector,where two different sensing matrixes are utilized to improve the *** proposed method is validated in Ieee 34 node test *** results show asymmetric ground fault type,resistance,fault position and access of distributed generators(DGs)do not significantly influence performance of our *** addition,it works effectively under various scenarios of noisy measurement and line parameter *** on 134 node test feeders prove the proposed method is also suitable for systems with more complex structure.

关键词： Distribution networks fault location reconstruction accuracy two-stage recovery virtual injected current ratio

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Tau in the pancreas:understanding the link between type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第1期9卷 6-7页

作者： Wenlu Li Steffen Tiedt eng h.Lo Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMA02129USA Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l’AVC(CIRCA) BostonUSA Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research LMU University HospitalLMU MunichMunichGermany

A recent study published in Molecular Psychiatry proposes a cellular mechanism that may contribute to decreased insulin production in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).1 Using a combination of cell culture experiments,animal models and studies in T2DM patients,the authors show that an up-regulation of tau inβ-islet cells can inhibit pancreatic insulin secretion through changes in microtubule assembly.

关键词： T2DM Alzheimer tau

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Parkland trees on smallholder farms ameliorate soil physical-chemical properties in the semi-arid area of Tigray,ethiopia

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 1-13页

作者： Selam LJALeM emiru BIRhANe Kassa TeKA Daniel h BeRhe Department of Land Resources Management and environmental Protection College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Institute of Climate and Society Mekelle UniversityMekelle 231Ethiopia Faculty of environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Ås 1432Norway Department of Natural Resources Management Adigrat UniversityAdigrat 50Ethiopia

Proposed agroforestry options should begin with the species that farmers are most familiar with,which would be the native multipurpose trees that have evolved under smallholder farms and socioeconomic *** African birch(Anogeissus leiocarpa(DC.)Guill.&Perr.)and pink jacaranda(Stereospermum kunthianum Cham.)trees are the dominant species in the agroforestry parkland system in the drylands of Tigray,*** farmers highly value these trees for their multifunctional uses including timber,firewood,charcoal,medicine,*** trees also could improve soil ***,the amount of soil physical and chemical properties enhanced by the two species must be determined to maintain the sustainable conservation of the species in the parklands and to scale up to similar agroecological ***,we selected twelve isolated trees,six from each species that had similar dendrometric characteristics and were growing in similar environmental *** divided the canopy cover of each tree into three radial distances:mid-canopy,canopy edge,and canopy gap(control).At each distance,we took soil samples from three different *** collected 216 soil samples(half disturbed and the other half undisturbed)from each canopy position and soil *** density(BD),soil moisture content(SMC),soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),p h,electrical conductivity(eC),and cation exchange capacity(CeC)were *** revealed that soil physical and chemical properties significantly improved except for soil texture and eC under both species,CeC under ***,and soil p h under ***,all the studied soils were improved under both species canopy as compared with canopy ***,TN,AP,and AK under canopy of these trees were respectively 24.1%,11.1%,55.0%,and 9.3% higher than those soils under *** two parkland agroforestry species significantly enhanced soil fertility near the canopy of top

关键词： agroforestry bulk density carbon stock dispersed tree soil texture tree canopy

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Integralinput-to-statestability ystemswithsmalldelays Integral input-to-state stability of systems with small delays

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第3期22卷 455-467页

作者： R.h.harsha Nawarathna Yuandan Lin Yuan Wang Department of Mathematical Sciences Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431USA

We consider how small delays affect the integral-input-to-state stability(iss)property for a *** result is similar to the input-to-state stability(Iss)result obtained in[1]:the iss property will be preserved in a practical and semi-global manner if the delay interval is small ***,since the iss quantifies the robust stability in terms of a generalized Li norm of the inputs instead of a generalized Loo norm of the inputs for the Iss case,the techniques and proofs for the Iss case do not apply to the iss case *** the proofs in[1]are based on the Lyapunov-Razumikhin approach,our proofs are based on the iss-Lyapunov functions for the zero-delay *** addition to the interest by its own in showing how the iss property is affected by small delays,the result also serves to the study of the iss property for singularly perturbed systems.

关键词： Integral-input-to-state stability Nonlinear systems Small delays Lyapunov method

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