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growth of HIV-Infected Children on Antiretrovirals Started Prior the Age of 2 Years

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2025年第1期15卷 42-51页

作者： Anne esther Njom Nlend Anita Tanekeu Annie Carole Nga Motaze Jeannette epée Ngoué Natacha Owona National Social Welfare Hospital Yaound Cameroon Higher Institute of Medical Technology University of Douala Yaound Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaound Cameroon National AIDS Control Committee Yaound Cameroon

Objective: To study the effects of starting antiretroviral treatment (ART) prior the age of two years on the growth (height and weight) of HIV-infected children. Methodology: This was a retrospective cohort study. HIV-infected children on ART aged less than 15 years were divided into two groups group 1 (g1) comprising children who started ART prior 2 years and group (g2) those put on treatment thereafter. Main Measures: Percentage of children with growth retardation measured by Height for Age (H/A) and Weight for Age (W/A) Results: In total, we included 90 subjects. The median age was 10 years with a slight female predominance (51.2%). Most children were asymptomatic at the time of the study (96.6%), compliant with treatment (81%), 54.8% of children were on cotrimoxazole, 33% knew their status. At initiation, underweight was predominant in group 1 compared to group 2 (52% versus 29.5%;p = 0.015). Conversely, stunted growth predominated in g2 compared to g1 but without significant difference (38% versus 50%;p = 0.147). At the time of our study (median age of 10 years), catch-up height and weight predominated in g1 compared to g2;only a small proportion remained below −2SD (4% versus 18.2%;p = 0.015 and 9% versus 29.5%;p = 0.006 respectively for underweight and stunted growth). Conclusion and global Health Implications: growth retardation was common at ART initiation. Catch-up in height was more evident in the early treatment group. Initiation of ART before the age of 2 years rather influences children’s height than weight. The result of this study further emphasizes the need of early ART and closed clinical monitoring to better assess the impact of ART in areas with high rates of undernutrition.

关键词： growth Height and Weight HIV Antiretrovirals Children 2 Years Old

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Spatio-temporal Variation， Meteorological Condition， and Regional Transport Characteristics of PM2.5 Pollution events in Beijing from 2018 to 2022

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Huanjing Kexue/environmental Science 2025年第3期46卷 1265-1274页

作者： guo, Yuan-Xi Liu, Bao-Xian Li, Yun-Ting Shen, Xiu-e Wang, Shu-Xiao Song, Qian Chen, Chen Sun, Feng Chen, Yang Sun, Rui-Wen Li, Qian Yin, de-Jia Jiang, Yue-Qi Dong, Zhao-Xin Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing100048 China State Key Joint Laboratory of environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China State environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing100084 China

Based on PM2.5 monitoring data,meteorological observation data,and a CMAQ-ISAM air quality model,the spatio-temporal variation,meteorological conditions,and regional transport characteristics of 108 PM2.5 pollution events in Beijing from 2018 to 2022 were analyzed. The results showed that the frequency,the mean concentration,and the peak concentration of PM2.5 pollution events demonstrated a significant decrease and the decrease degree of moderate and heavy pollution events was significantly larger than that of light pollution events. From the seasonal perspective,the PM2.5 pollution events nearly disappeared in summer,however,were severe in other seasons. According to the diurnal variation curves,PM2.5 concentration during heavy pollution events decreased significantly from daytime to the first half of night and did not decrease notably in the second half of the night. In the past five years,the mean concentration of PM2.5 pollution events was higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest,with the highest in the Beijing economic and Technological development Area and the lowest in Yanqing District. From the perspective of spatial evolution,the mean concentration in all districts significantly decreased from 2018 to 2022,with a decrease range of 13-31 µg·m-3 and a decrease percentage of 11%-25%;the frequency in all districts also decreased significantly,with a decrease range of 35-52 days and a decrease percentage of 56%-68%. The mean wind speed,mean relative humidity,and northwest wind frequency were the three most important meteorological factors that had an impact on PM2.5 concentration in Beijing. For polluted days,the mean wind speed was 1.6 m·s-1,the mean relative humidity was 62.4%,and the frequency of northwest wind was 3%. Most of the pollution events began from eastern Beijing and Southern Beijing. Compared to those throughout the whole city,PM2.5 pollution events usually occurred 12 hours earlier at the southeast border station and 10,8,and 5 hours e

关键词： Wind

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The sexually dimorphic expression of glutamate transporters and their implication in pain after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3317-3329页

作者： Jennifer M.Colón-Mercado Aranza I.Torrado-Tapias Iris K.Salgado Jose M.Santiago Samuel e.Ocasio Rivera Dina P.Bracho-Rincon Luis H.Pagan Rivera Jorge D.Miranda department of Physiology University of Puerto RicoMedical Sciences CampusSan JuanPRUSA National Institutes of Health National Human Genome Research InstituteBethesdaMDUSA Universidad Central del Caribe School of MedicineBayamónPRUSA University of Puerto Rico Carolina CampusCarolinaPRUSA Institute of Neurobiology San JuanPRUSA

In addition to the loss of motor function,~60% of patients develop pain after spinal cord *** cellular-molecular mechanisms are not well understood,but the data suggests that plasticity within the rostral,epicenter,and caudal penumbra of the injury site initiates a cellularmolecular interplay that acts as a rewiring mechanism leading to central neuropathic *** can lead to the formation of new connections triggering abnormal sensory *** excitatory glutamate transporters are responsible for the reuptake of extracellular glutamate which makes them a critical target to prevent neuronal hyperexcitability and *** previous studies showed a sexually dimorphic therapeutic window for spinal cord injury after treatment with the selective estrogen receptor modulator *** this study,we investigated the anti-allodynic effects of tamoxifen in male and female rats with spinal cord *** hypothesized that tamoxifen exerts anti-allodynic effects by increasing the expression of glutamate transporters,leading to reduced hyperexcitability of the secondary neuron or by decreasing aberrant *** and female rats received a moderate contusion to the thoracic spinal cord followed by subcutaneous slow-release treatment of tamoxifen or matrix pellets as a control(placebo).We used von Frey monofilaments and the“up-down method”to evaluate mechanical *** treatment decreased allodynia only in female rats with spinal cord injury revealing a sexdependent *** expression profile of glutamatergic transporters(excitatory amino acid transporter 1/glutamate aspartate transporter and excitatory amino acid transporter 2/glutamate transporter-1)revealed a sexual dimorphism in the rostral,epicenter,and caudal areas of the spinal cord with a pattern of expression primarily on *** rodents showed a significantly higher level of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 expression while male rodents showed increased

关键词： allodynia central neuropathic pain eAAT-1/gLAST eAAT-2/gLT-1 glutamate transporters selective estrogen receptor modulator sexual dimorphism spinal cord injury trauma

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electroacupuncture alleviates zymosan-induced colorectal hypersensitivity

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025年第1期45卷 32-38页

作者： LI Siting WANg Shaojun YIN Yehui de gejing LI Caicai WANg Ziyan CAO Wenjie Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences

OBJeCTIVe: this study to investigate the mechanism underlying the electroacupuncture(eA) alleviates colorectal hypersensitivity, a feature of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). MeTHODS: The colorectal hypersensitivity model was established by treating mice with zymosan. electrophysiological techniques, Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the changes of the sensitive state of the colorectum and the response in spinal ganglion and spinal cord after acupuncture intervention. ReSULTS: colorectal distension studies revealed that repetitive applied electroacupuncture treatment on mice could significant alleviates colorectal intensity. Western blotting studies with nerve growth factor(NgF) in the colorectum, substance P(SP) in the spinal ganglion, protein kinase C gamma(PKCγ) in the spinal cord, and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1) showed that electroacupuncture suppressed zymosan-induced expression of TRPV1, NgF and SP in multiple tissues. Immunofluorescence labeling results showed that eA attenuated the expression of NgF in the colorectum, SP in the spinal ganglion, PKCγ in the spinal cord, and TRPV1 in all three tissues in zymosan-treated mice. Moreover, the number of neurons double-positive for TRPV1/Isolectin B4(IB4) and TRPV1/Neurofilament(NF) 200 was increased in the spinal ganglion. CONCLUSION: these results provide molecular-level evidence that eA alleviates zymosan-induced colorectal hypersensitivity by altering the expression of pain-associated proteins in the colorectum and spinal cord. eA has a potential to be therapeutic intervention option for IBS treatment.

关键词： colorectal hypersensitivity electroacupuncture nerve growth factor protein kinase C gamma substance P transient receptor potential channels

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Bridging the gap:The role of technological advances in shaping gastrointestinal oncological outcomes

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World Journal of gastrointestinal Oncology 2025年第3期17卷 29-37页

作者： Nuno J g Rama Inês Sousa Division of Colorectal Surgical Leiria Hospital CentreLeiria 2410-021Portugal department of Surgical Leiria Hospital CentreLeiria 2410-021Portugal

gastrointestinal(gI)cancers are highly prevalent and considered a major global health *** approach has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past years due to the development of new technologies that enabled better outcomes regarding their diagnosis and *** include artificial intelligence,robotics,next-generation sequencing and personalized ***,the integration of these advances into everyday clinical practice remains complex and challenging as we are still trying to figure out if these innovations tangibly improve oncological outcomes or if the current state of art should remain as the gold standard for the treatment of these ***,there are also some issues regarding ethical subjects,data privacy,finances and *** surgery concept has evolved considerably over the past decades,especially for oncological *** aims to customize medical treatments and to operate on those patients who most likely will benefit from a specific surgical *** the future,to improve gI oncological outcomes,a delicate balance between technological advances adoption and evidence-based care should be *** we move forward,the question will be to harness the power of innovation while keeping up the highest standards of patient care.

关键词： Technology Innovation gastrointestinal oncology Outcomes Artificial intelligence Precision surgery

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SARS-CoV-2 proteins show great binding affinity to resin composite monomers and polymerized chains

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World Journal of experimental Medicine 2025年第1期15卷 96-103页

作者： Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa Boniek Castillo Dutra Borges Faculdade de Odontologia Universidade de Pernambuco-campus ArcoverdeArcoverde 56503-146PernambucoBrazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e desenvolvimento Socioambiental Universidade de Pernambuco-campus GaranhunsGaranhuns 55294-902PernambucoBrazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada Universidade de Pernambuco-campus Santo AmaroRecife 50100-130PernambucoBrazil department of Odontologia Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatal 59056-000Rio Grande do NorteBrazil Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Odontológicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteNatal 59056-000Rio Grande do NorteBrazil

BACKgROUND Due to saliva and salivary glands are reservoir to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),aerosols and saliva droplets are primary sources of cross-infection and are responsible for the high human–human transmission of ***,there is no evidence about how SARSCoV-2 interacts with oral structures,particularly resin *** To evaluate the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with monomers present in resin composites using in silico *** Four SARS-CoV-2 proteins[*** protease,3C-like protease,papain-like protease(PLpro),and glycoprotein spike]were selected along with salivary amylase as the positive control,and their binding affinity with bisphenol-A glycol dimethacrylate,bisphenol-A ethoxylated dimethacrylate,triethylene glycol dimethacrylate,and urethane dimethacrylate was *** docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and visualised in Chimera UCSF *** best ligand–protein model was identified based on the binding energy(Δg–kcal/moL).ReSULTS Values for the binding energies ranged from-3.6 kcal/moL to-7.3 kcal/*** 3-monomer chain had the lowest binding energy(*** affinity)to PLpro and the glycoprotein ***-polymerised monomers and polymerised chains interacted with SARS-CoV-2 proteins via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic *** findings suggest an interaction between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and resin *** SARS-CoV-2 proteins show affinity to non-polymerised and polymerised resin composite chains.

关键词： Composite resins COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 dental restorations Molecular docking simulation dentistry

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Correlation Analysis of Power Quality and Power Spectrum in Wind Power Hybrid energy Storage Systems

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energy engineering 2025年第3期122卷 1175-1198页

作者： Jian gao Hongliang Hao Caifeng Wen Yongsheng Wang Zhanhua Han edwin e.Nykilla Yuwen Zhang College of energy and Power engineering Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010051China Ordos energy Research Institute Peking UniversityOrdos City017000China School of Data Science and Application Inner Mongolia University of TechnologyHohhot010051China Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Pipe Co. Ltd.Baotou City014010China

Power quality is a crucial area of research in contemporary power systems,particularly given the rapid proliferation of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind *** study investigated the relationships between power quality indices of system output and PSD by utilizing theories related to spectra,PSD,and random signal power *** relationship was derived,validated through experiments and simulations,and subsequently applied to multi-objective *** optimization algorithms were compared to achieve optimal system power *** findings revealed that the relationships between power quality indices and PSD were influenced by variations in the order of the power spectral estimation *** increase in the order of the AR model resulted in a 36%improvement in the number of optimal *** optimal solution distribution,NSgA-II demonstrated superior diversity,while MOeA/D exhibited better ***,practical applications showed that while MOeA/D had higher convergence,NSgA-II produced superior optimal solutions,achieving the best power quality indices(THDi at 4.62%,d%at 3.51%,and cosφat 96%).These results suggest that the proposed method holds significant potential for optimizing power quality in practical applications.

关键词： Wind power generation hybrid energy storage power quality PSD NSgA-II

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An efficient Boron Source Activation Strategy for the Low‑Temperature Synthesis of Boron Nitride Nanotubes

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 548-558页

作者： Ying Wang Kai Zhang Liping Ding Liyun Wu Songfeng e Qian He Nanyang Wang Hui Zuo Zhengyang Zhou Feng Ding Yue Hu Jin Zhang Yagang Yao National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materialsand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093People’s Republic of China School of electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence Shaanxi University of Science&TechnologyXian 710000People’s Republic of China College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials engineering Shaanxi University of Science&TechnologyXian 710000People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325000People’s Republic of China Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518000People’s Republic of China College of Chemical and Molecular engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871People’s Republic of China

Lowering the synthesis temperature of boron nitride nanotubes(BNNTs)is crucial for their *** primary reason for adopting a high temperature is to enable the effective activation of highmelting-point solid *** this study,we developed a novel approach for efficiently activating boron by introducing alkali metal compounds into the conventional MgO–B *** approach can be adopted to form various low-melting-point AM–Mg–B–O growth *** growth systems have improved catalytic capability and reactivity even under low-temperature conditions,facilitating the synthesis of BNNTs at temperatures as low as 850℃.In addition,molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory theoretically demonstrate that the systems maintain a liquid state at low temperatures and interact with N atoms to form BN *** findings offer novel insights into the design of boron activation and are expected to facilitate research on the low-temperature synthesis of BNNTs.

关键词： Boron nitride nanotubes Low-temperature Boron activation density functional theory

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Tempering Behavior of M50 Steel with Different Austenite Proportion Induced by High Current Pulsed electron Beam

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稀有金属材料与工程 2012年第S1期41卷 475-477页

作者： g.e.Ozure Institute of High Current electronics 4Academichesky Av.Tomsk 634055Russia

M50 steel was irradiated by high current pulsed electron beam(HCPeB)with different *** subsequent tempering was carried out between 500 and 625℃.Microstructure evolution was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray *** is found that the HCPeB treatment could constrain martainsite transformation in the surface layer of the *** behavior of HCPeB remelted layer strongly depends on the proportion of retained *** saturated more carbon and metallic elements depict higher tempering *** tempered process,carbides precipitates among the grain and phase *** decreased solution of the elements promotes the retained austenite into martensite.

关键词： electron beam irradiation M50 steel tempering microstructure

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An innovative approach for integrated airline network and aircraft family optimization

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2020年第2期33卷 634-663页

作者： JoséALeXANDRe T.g.FRegNANI Bento S.de MATTOS JoséA.HeRNANdeS department of Aeronautical engineering Technological Institute of Aeronautics12228-900 Sao Jose dos CamposBrazil

The determination of optimal aerial transport networks and their associated flight frequencies is crucial for the strategic planning of airlines,as well as for carrying out market research,to establish target markets,and for aircraft and crew *** addition,optimum airplane types for the selected networks are crucial to improve revenue and to provide reduced operating *** present study proposes an innovative approach to determine the optimal aerial transport network simultaneously with the determination of the optimum fleet for that network,composed of three types of airplanes(network and vehicle integrated design).The network profit is *** passenger’s demands between the airports are determined via a gravitational *** embedded linear programming solution is responsible for obtaining potential optimal network *** optimum fleet combination is determined from a database of candidate aircraft designs via genetic algorithm.A truly realistic airplane representation is made possible thanks to accurate surrogate models for engine and aerodynamics is *** accurate engine deck encompassing a compression map and an innovative engine weight calculation besides an aerodynamical artificial neural network module enable a high degree of accuracy for the mission *** proposed methodology is applied to obtain the optimum network comprised of twenty main Brazilian airports and corresponding fleet.

关键词： Air transport Aircraft design Airline economics Airline network optimization Multidisciplinary design optimization

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