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The benefits of being dominant:health correlates of male social rank and age in a marmot

Current Zoology 2022年第1期68卷 19-26页

作者： Kenta UCHIDA Rachel NG Samuel A.VYDRO Jennifer e.SMITH Daniel T.BLUMSTeIN Department of ecology&evolutionary Biology University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA Department of Biology Mills CollegeOaklandCA 94613USA The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Crested ButteCO 81224USA

The benefits of dominance may not come without costs,particularly for *** example,the“immunocompetence handicap hypothesis”states that males with enhanced mating success allocate resources to enhance reproductive output at a cost to their current health,whereas the“resource quality hypothesis”predicts that high-ranking males may benefit from increased reproduction and good *** the predictions from each have been well tested in captive animals and in a variety of highly social primates,fewer studies have been carried out in free-living,facultatively social *** adult male yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota flaviventer),we evaluated predictions of these hypotheses by examining the relationship between social rank and 2 health indicators—fecal glucocorticoid metabolite(FCM)levels,and neutrophil/lymphocyte(N/L)ratios—after accounting for variation explained by age,body mass,and *** found that higher-ranking males tended to have a lower N/L ratio(reflecting good health)than lower-ranking individuals,whereas FCM levels were not significantly related to *** addition,heavier male marmots had lower N/L ratios,whereas body mass was not associated with FCM *** also found that older adult males had lower FCM levels(reflecting less physiological stress)but higher N/L ratios than younger ***,we found that FCM levels decreased as the active season progressed and FCM levels were associated with the time of the ***,our results suggest that socially-dominant male marmots enjoyed better,not worse health in terms of lower N/L ratios.

关键词： immunocompetence handicap hypothesis life history trade-offs N/L ratio physiological stress resource quality hypothesis

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Free vibration of functionally graded sandwich plates using four-variable refined plate theory

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(english edition) 2011年第7期32卷 925-942页

作者： L.HADJI H.A.ATMANe A.TOUNSI I.MeCHAB e.A.ADDA BeDIA Laboratoire des Matériaux et Hydrologie Université de Sidi Bel AbbesSidi Bel Abbes 22000Algérie Département de Génie Civil Université Ibn KhaldounTiaret 14000Algérie Département de Génie Civil Faculté des Sciences de l'IngénieurUnivesité Hassiba Benbouali de ChlefChlef 02000Algérie

This paper uses the four-variable refined plate theory （RPT） for the free vibration analysis of functionally graded material （FGM） sandwich rectangular plates. Unlike other theories, there are only four unknown functions involved, as compared to five in other shear deformation theories. The theory presented is variationally consistent and strongly similar to the classical plate theory in many aspects. It does not require the shear correction factor, and gives rise to the transverse shear stress variation so that the transverse shear stresses vary parabolically across the thickness to satisfy free surface conditions for the shear stress. Two common types of FGM sandwich plates are considered, namely, the sandwich with the FGM facesheet and the homogeneous core and the sandwich with the homogeneous facesheet and the FGM core. The equation of motion for the FGM sandwich plates is obtained based on Hamilton＇s principle. The closed form solutions are obtained by using the Navier technique. The fundamental frequencies are found by solving the eigenvalue problems. The validity of the theory is shown by comparing the present results with those of the classical, the first-order, and the other higher-order theories. The proposed theory is accurate and simple in solving the free vibration behavior of the FGM sandwich plates.

关键词： functionally graded material (FGM) free vibration sandwich plate refinedplate theory (RPT) Navier solution

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Understanding fluorine-free electrolytes via small-angle X-ray scattering

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2022年第7期31卷 340-346,I0009页

作者： Kun Qian Zhou Yu Yuzi Liu David J.Gosztola Randall e.Winans Lei Cheng Tao Li Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Materials Science Division and Joint Center for energy Storage Research Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA X-ray Science Division and Joint Center for energy Storage Research Argonne National LaboratoryLemontIL 60439USA

Fluorine-free electrolytes have attracted great attention because of its low-cost and environmental friendliness. However, so far, little is known about the solution structures of these electrolytes. Here,we compare the solvation phenomenon of sodium tetraphenylborate(NaBPh_(4)) salt dissolved in organic solvents of propylene carbonate(PC), 1,2-dimethoxyethane(DMe), acetonitrile(ACN) and tetrahydrofuran(THF). Small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) reveals a unique two-peak structural feature in this saltconcentrated PC electrolyte, while solutions using other solvents only have one scattering *** dynamics(MD) simulations further reveal that there are anion-based clusters in addition to the short-range charge ordering in the concentrated NaBPh4/PC electrolyte. Raman spectroscopy confirms the existence of considerable contact ion pairs(CIPs). This work emphasizes the importance of global and local structural analysis, which will provide valuable clues for understanding the structureperformance relationship of electrolytes.

关键词： Fluorine-free electrolytes Sodium-ion batteries Small-angle X-ray scattering Solvation structures Sodium tetraphenylborate

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A Parallel Control Strategy for the Cascaded Multi-Level Inverters in the Distributed Generation System

A Parallel Control Strategy for the Cascaded Multi-Level Inv...

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第36届中国控制会议

作者： Daoji Qiao Tianzhen Wang Tianhao Tang M.e.H.Benbouzid Shanghai Maritime University

ISBN: (纸本)9781538629185

In the distributed generation systems,three-phase inverters are the basement because they are used as power electronics interface between the generators and the *** multi-level H-bridge inverters are widely used for industrial application due to the simple topology and good power ***,unbalanced power source problem will easily happen in such an *** this paper,a parallel control strategy for three-phase cascaded multi-level H-bridge inverters is *** voltage and current inner control loops are introduced to deal with unbalanced power source *** droop method with the virtual impedance loops is introduced in order to share power between parallel ***,a secondary control method is added to remove the frequency and amplitude deviation produced by the droop *** performance and robustness under Islanded operation mode are validated by the simulation results.

关键词： Cascaded Multi-Level H-bridge Inverter Unbalance Power Source Droop Control Secondary Control Islanded Mode

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Dental microwear of sympatric rodent species sampled across habitats in southern Africa: Implications for environmental influence

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第2期11卷 111-127页

作者： Jenny H.e.BURGMAN Jennifer LeICHLITeR Nico L.AVeNANT Peter S.UNGAR environmental Dynamics Program University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA Department of Anthropology University of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA National Museum and University of the Free State BloemfonteinSouth Africa Department of Anthropology University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansasUSA

Dental microwear textures have proven to be a valuable tool for reconstructing the diets of a wide assortment of fossil ***,some studies have recently questioned the efficacy of this approach,suggesting that aspects of habitat unrelated to food preference,especially environmental grit load,might have a confounding effect on microwear patterning that obscures the diet *** we evaluate this hypothesis by examining microwear textures of 3 extant sympatric rodent species that vary in diet breadth and are found in a variety of habitat types:Mastomys coucha,Micaelamys namaquensis and Rhabdomys *** sample each of these species from 3 distinct environmental settings in southern Africa that differ in rainfall and vegetative cover:Nama-Karoo shrublands(semi-desert)and Dry Highveld grasslands in the Free State Province of South Africa,and Afromontane(wet)grasslands in the highlands of *** differences between habitat types are evident for some of the species,inconsistency in the pattern suggests that the microwear signal is driven by variation in foods eaten rather than grit-level per *** is clear that,at least for species and habitats sampled in the current study,environmental grit load does not swamp diet-related microwear signatures.

关键词： diet grit tooth wear

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Rome Ⅲ survey of irritable bowel syndrome among ethnic Malays

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第44期18卷 6475-6480页

作者： Yeong Yeh Lee Anuar Waid Huck Joo Tan Andrew Seng Boon Chua William e Whitehead Department of Medicine School of Medical SciencesUniversity Sains MalaysiaKubang Kerian 16150Malaysia Department of Gastroenterology Sunway Medical CenterPetaling Jaya 46150Malaysia 31 Lebuh Raya Raman Ipoh Ipoh Garden SouthIpoh 31400Malaysia Center for Functional Gastrointestinal and Motility Disorders University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillCA 27599-7080United States

AIM:To survey irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) using Rome Ⅲ criteria among Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular ***:A previously validated Malay language Rome Ⅲ IBS diagnostic questionnaire was used in the current study.A prospective sample of 232 Malay subjects(80% power) was initially *** a stratified random sampling strategy,a total of 221 Malay subjects(112 subjects in a "full time job" and 109 subjects in "no full time job") were *** were visitors(friends and relatives) within the hospital compound and were representative of the local *** flags and psychosocial alarm symptoms were also assessed in the current study using previously translated and validated *** with IBS were sub-typed into constipation-predominant,diarrhea-predominant,mixed type and *** and multivariable analyses were used to test for association between socioeconomic factors and presence of red flags and psychosocial alarm features among the Malays with ***:IBS was present in 10.9%(24/221),red flags in 22.2%(49/221) and psychosocial alarm features in 9.0%(20/221).Red flags were more commonly reported in subjects with IBS(83.3%) than psychosocial alarm features(20.8%,P ects with IBS were older(mean age 41.4 years vs 36.9 years,P = 0.08),but no difference in gender was noted(P = 0.4).Using univariable analysis,IBS was significantly associated with a tertiary education,high individual income above RM1000,married status,exsmoker and the presence of red flags(all P e logistic regression analysis,only the presence of red flags was significantly associated with IBS(odds ratio:0.02,95%CI:0.004-0.1,P e commonest IBS sub-type was mixed type(58.3%),followed by constipation-predominant(20.8%),diarrheapredominant(16.7%) and un-subtyped(4.2%).Four of 13 Malay females(30.8%) with IBS also had menstrual *** subjects with IBS had at least one red flag(70.8%)

关键词： Irritable bowel syndrome Malays Preva-lence Rome Ⅲcriteria Malaysia

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Power coupler kick of the TRIUMF ICM capture cavities

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Chinese Physics C 2011年第6期35卷 590-595页

作者：闫芳 R. e. Laxdal V. Zvyagintsev Yu. Chao S. Koscielniak Institute of High energy Physics CAS Beijing 100049 China TRIUMF Vancouvcr V6T2A3 Canada

The TRIUMF Injector CryoModule （ICM） adapted two superconducting single cavities as the capture section for the low injecting energy of 100 keV electrons. Coupler kick induced beam deflection and projected emittance growth are one of the prime concerns of the beam stability, especially at low energies. In low energy applications, the electron velocity changes rapidly inside the cavity, which makes the numerical analysis much more complicated. The commonly used theoretical formulas of the direct integral or the Panofsky- Wenzel theorem is not suitable for the kick calculation of β 1 electrons. Despite that, the above mentioned kick calculation method doesn’t consider injecting electron energy, the beam offset due to the coupler kick may not be negligible because of the low injection energy even if the kick is optimized. Thus the beam dynamics code TRACK is used here for the simulation of the power coupler kick perturbation. The coupler kick can be compensated for by a judicious choice of the coupler position in successive cavities from upstream to downstream. The simulation shows that because of the adiabatic damping by the following superconducting 9-cell cavity, even for the worst orbit distortion case after two capture cavities, the kick is still acceptable at the exit of the ICM after reaching 10 MeV. This paper presents the analysis of the transverse kick and the projected emittance growth induced by the coupler for β 1 electrons. The simulated results of the TRIUMF ICM capture cavities are described and presented.

关键词： coupler RF kick capture cavities β 〈1 electron

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Metabolomic analysis of longissimus from underperforming piglets relative to piglets with normal preweaning growth

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第3期9卷 630-638页

作者： Timothy G.Ramsay Margo J.Stoll Amy e.Shannon Le Ann Blomberg Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory U.S.Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service

Background: Recent increases in intra-litter variability in weaning weight have raised swine production costs. A contributor to this variability is the normal birth weight pig that grows at a slower rate than littermates of similar birth weight. The goal of this study was to interrogate biochemical profiles manifested in skeletal muscle originating from slow growing(SG) and faster growing littermates(control), with the aim of identifying differences in metabolic pathway utilization between skeletal muscle of the SG pig relative to its littermates. Samples of longissimus muscle from littermate pairs of pigs were collected at 21 d of age for metabolomic ***: Birth weights did not differ between littermate pairs of SG and Control pigs(P > 0.05). Weaning weights differed by 1.51 ± 0.19 kg(P est(RF) analysis was effective at segregating the metabolome of muscle samples by growth rate, resulting in a predictive accuracy of 81% versus random segregation(50%).Decreases in sugars in the pentose phosphate pathway(PPP) in the longissimus of SG pigs were detected(P ecreases were also apparent in glycolytic intermediates(glycerol-3-phosphate and lactate) and key glycolysis-derived intermediates(glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate; P eased levels of phospholipids, lysolipids, diacylglycerols, and sphingolipids(P entified a cluster of molecules associated with muscle and collagen/extracellular matrix breakdown that are increased in the SG pig(glutamate, 3-methylhistidine and hydroxylated proline moieties; P e metabolism was altered in SG pigs, resulting in a 78% decrease in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide pool(P ese metabolomic data provide the first evidence for biochemical mechanisms that should be investigated to determine if they have a potential role in the slow growth in some normal birth weight piglets that contribute to inc

关键词： Growth rate Longissimus Metabolome Neonate Swine

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Use of Mussel Shells as a Soil Amendment:effects on Bulk and Rhizosphere Soil and Pasture Production

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Pedosphere 2012年第2期22卷 152-164页

作者： e.LVAReZ M.J.FeRNNDeZ-SANJURJO N.SeCO A.NUeZ Departamento de edafologia y Quimica Agricola Escuela Politécnica SuperiorUniversidad de Santiago de CompostelaCampus Universitario

Large quantities of mussel shells （66000-94000 t year^-1）, an alkaline material that can be used as a soil amendment, are generated as waste in Galicia, NW Spain. A field trial was carried out by planting different pasture species in a Haplic Umbrisol using a randomized block design with four blocks and six treatments （not amended control or soil amended with lime, finely ground shell, coarsely ground shell, finely ground calcined shell or coarsely ground calcined shell） to compare the effects of lime and mussel shells additions on a soil with a low cation exchange capacity and high AI saturation. The trial was established in March 2007, and samples of plants and soil were collected when plots were harvested in summer 2008 （separating the bulk and rhizosphere soil）. The soils were analyzed for pH, total C, total N, available P, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity and available micronutrients. Dry matter yield was measured in all plots and plants were analyzed for nutrients. Application of mussel shells and the commercial lime resulted in an increase in pH and exchangeable Ca and a decrease in exchangeable Al and Al were most noticeable in the rhizosphere. The amendment of Ca in the plant. saturation. The stability of pH over time was high. These effects also had a positive effect on dry matter yield and concentration

关键词： dry matter production exchangeable A1 liming pasture quality soil nutrients

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Influence of Fluoride Addition on the Composition of Solutions in equilibrium with Acid Soils

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Pedosphere 2009年第1期19卷 60-70页

作者： A. ROMAR C. GAGO M. L. FeRNNDeZ-MARCOS e. LVAReZ Departamento de edafología y Química Agrícola University of Santiago de Compostela Campus Universitario 27002 Lugo (Spain)

Atmospheric emissions of fluoride from an aiuminium smelter-alumina refinery located on the northern coast of Galicia, NW Spain, increase the content of fluorine in soils and vegetation in the vicinity of the complex. The effects of the addition of fluoride solutions on the chemical properties of soil samples from the area surrounding the complex were investigated in laboratory experiments. Addition of fluoride to soils resulted in increases in pH and concentrations of Fe, A1, and organic matter in the equilibrium solutions and decreases in concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K. No consistent effects were observed on the Cu, Mn, or Zn concentrations. Most of the A1 in solution was bound to organic matter. Within the fraction ＂labile aluminium＇, the concentration of A1-OH complexes decreased and the A1-F complexes increased, especially A1F3 and A1F4^-, which are less toxic than Al^3＋ and A1-OH species.

关键词： aluminium speciation equilibrium soil solution fluoride pollution

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