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结肠直肠癌的早期发生率:397例典型Li-Fraumeni综合征患者的调查报道

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 33-34页

作者： Wong P. Verselis S.j. Garber j.e. S. Syngal 成虹 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute 44 Binney Street Boston MA 02115 United States Dr.

Background &Aims: Hereditary colorectal cancer is associated most commonly with the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer or familial adenomatous polyposis syndromes. We investigated the prevalence of early onset colorectal cancer and the frequency of p53 germline mutations in 64 families from a Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) registry. Methods: Patients with documented colorectal cancer and a diagnosis at or before age 50 were included. P53 analyses were performed through germline mutational analyses using standard molecular techniques. Results: Among the 397 patients and 64 families in the classic LFS registry, a total of 11 patients (2.8%) from 10 different families (15.6%) met criteria for classic LFS and had documented colorectal cancer at less than 50 years of age. The mean age at diagnosis in this group was 33 years and of these patients 4 developed colorectal cancer before age 21 (ages, 9, 11, 15, and 20 y). All families that were tested for p53 mutations (8 of 10) had evidence of germline mutations by sequence analysis; therefore, 12.5%of the total number of families in the registry had colorectal cancer at age less than 50 years and a documented germline p53 mutation. Mutations primarily were missense or nonsense and were located between exons 4-10. Conclusions: LFS patients with germline p53 mutations may have an increased susceptibility to colorectal cancer and present up to several decades earlier than the general population. LFS should be considered when a young patient presents with colorectal cancer.

关键词：结肠直肠癌直肠癌患者息肉综合征 p53基因突变家族性腺瘤性遗传性非息肉性发生率基因突变分析基因突变检测

单疗程异维甲酸治疗青少年严重性、顽固性、结节性痤疮对骨密度的影响

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第4期1卷 38-39页

作者： Digiovanna j.j. Langman C.B. Tschen e.H. 马慧群

Background Adverse changes in bone have been reported for patients undergoing high-dose, long-term (several years) isotretinoin therapy for disorders of cornification. The effect of short-term(4-5months)the rapyat the lower dose recommended for acne on bone development in younger, growing adolescent (12-17 years) patients has not been well studied. Objective The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of a standard, singlecourse of isotretinoin(Accutane) therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and hip in adolescents ages 12 to 17 years with severe, recalcitrant, nodular acne. Methods Inthisopen-label,multicenterstudy,217adolescents(81girls)with severe, recalcitrant, nodular acne were enrolled and treated with isotretinoin twice daily with food at the recommended total dose of approximately 1 mg/kg for 16 to 20 weeks. BMD in the lumbar spine and hip was measured at baseline and at the end of therapy by dual energy radiograph absorptiometry. Results There was no clinically significant mean change in BMD measured at the lumbar spine (+1.4%, range: -4.9%to +12.3%) or total hip (-0.26%, range: -11.3%to +15.0%). Hyperostosis was not observed in any patient. Typical effixcacy expected in the treatment of acne was observed. Conclusions A 16-to 20-week course of isotretinoin treatment at the recommended dose for severe acne has no clinically significant effect on lumbar spine and total hip BMD in the adolescent (12-17 years) population.

关键词：结节性痤疮异维甲酸骨密度骨矿物质密度角化性疾病骨损害每公斤体重骨质增生吸光光度法

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空气污染对美国森林生长影响的调查

林业科技通讯 1991年第9期 31-32,F003页

作者： j.e.de Steiguer j.M.Pye C.S.Love 贾建生

文章采用修正的Delphi方法就H_2SO_4、HNO_3、O_3、NO、SO_2对美国7种森林生态类型的林木生长量的影响,向北美洲41位从事林业与空气污染方面研究的专家进行了问卷调查。指出,O_3对森林生长危害最大;空气污染对南加州针叶林及高海拔云冷... 详细信息

文章采用修正的Delphi方法就H_2SO_4、HNO_3、O_3、NO、SO_2对美国7种森林生态类型的林木生长量的影响,向北美洲41位从事林业与空气污染方面研究的专家进行了问卷调查。指出,O_3对森林生长危害最大;空气污染对南加州针叶林及高海拔云冷杉林的危害最大;若不解决空气污染问题,今后20年森林生长量将继续下降。调查结果为进一步研究空气污染对森林的影响及制定林业政策提供依据。

关键词：空气污染森林生长

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预测耕作引起侵蚀的数学模型(TeP)

水土保持科技情报 2001年第1期19卷 17-19页

作者： M.j.Lindstrom j.A.Schumacher T.e.Schumacher 张庆利王飞山东农业大学

美国农业研究机构通过研究建立了能够描述山坡断面上土壤再分布的耕蚀预测模型 (TeP) ,并用此模型来解释坡耕地上耕作引起的土壤侵蚀和沉积模式 ,此模型以分散率为基础 ,其中表示土壤迁移和坡度关系的回归系数用分散系数k′来描述。利... 详细信息

美国农业研究机构通过研究建立了能够描述山坡断面上土壤再分布的耕蚀预测模型 (TeP) ,并用此模型来解释坡耕地上耕作引起的土壤侵蚀和沉积模式 ,此模型以分散率为基础 ,其中表示土壤迁移和坡度关系的回归系数用分散系数k′来描述。利用已公布的有壁犁的k′值 ,计算了Minnesota中西部地区一个已测定好的地形断面上5 0a内土壤的再分布情况 ,另外还模拟总结出了二次耕作 (串连耙 )和坡段的检测长度对模型计算出的土壤再分布率的影响。结果表明 ,使用k′为 2 34kg/m的有壁犁耕作时 ,所测断面土壤侵蚀和沉积率大于 10t/ (hm2 ·a)的面积为 14 7% ,若k′为 3 30kg/m时 ,则侵蚀或沉积率大于 10t/ (hm2 ·a)的面积增加到 2 6 % ,另外的二次耕作 (串连耙 )将进一步使土壤再分布的面积增加到 5 9%。

关键词：耕作沉积侵蚀土壤迁移美国预测数学模型坡耕地

关于苏格兰新生儿死亡队列脑损伤和轴突损害的研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第9期1卷 28-29页

作者： Bell j.e. Becher j.-C. Wyatt B. 方伯言 Department of Neuropathology Division of Pathology (Neuropathology) Western General Hospital Edinburgh EH4 2XU United Kingdom Dr.

Despite the clinical and medicolegal significance attached to perinatal asphyx ia, the neuropathological basis of this condition remains obscure. There are ver y few studies in the literature which correlate the pathological findings in neo natal brains with detailed epidemiological data, and none which are population b ased. In a Scotland-wide study of neonatal deaths, 70 brains have been examined . On the basis of glial and macrophage reactions, we previously identified infan ts with putative antepartum brain damage in this cohort and have related these r eactions to signs of birth asphyxia. The present study explores the extent of ne uronal/axonal injury in these infants since this is likely to be the basis for n eurological deficits in surviving infants. We have also investigated these brain s for β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) positivity to determine whether this is a useful marker of neuronal injury in neonates. Neuronal eosinophilia and ka ryorrhexes were detected in 43%and 27%of the cohort, respectively; maximally i n the subiculum and ventral pons, but often present elsewhere. White matter dama ge was detected in 24%of cases but without classic cystic lesions of periventri cular leucomalacia. βAPP positivity was present in neuronal soma in 52%of case s and, in axons, in 27%of cases, and was seen from as early as 25-weeks gestat ion. Axonal bulbs were clearly delineated by βAPP positivity and were usually l ocated in the cerebral white matter and internal capsule, and infrequently in th e brain stem. Although white matter damage and βAPP axonal positivity were ofte n detected in the same cases (P=0.034), these features also occurred independent ly of each other. Both neuronal karyorrhexes and white matter βAPP positivity w ere significantly correlated with the features of birth asphyxia, particularly a history of seizures. Immunocytochemistry for both βAPP and glial fibrillary ac idic protein proved useful in detecting neuropathological features which es

关键词：脑损伤围生期窒息神经功能缺陷产伤淀粉样前体蛋白流行病学数据神经胶质细胞神经病理学巨噬细胞反应法医学意义

Liquid-metal micro-networks with strain-induced conductivity for soft electronics and robotic skin

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npj Flexible electronics 2022年第1期6卷 799-808页

作者： Yeongmin Park jaewoong jung Younghoon Lee Dongwoo Lee joost j.Vlassak Yong-Lae Park Department of Mechanical engineering Institute of Advanced Machines and DesignInstitute of Engineering ResearchSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of electrical engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)CambridgeMA 02139USA School of Mechanical engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Korea john A.Paulson School of engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA

Thin-film devices made of room-temperature liquid metals(LMs)have contributed to the development of electronic skin for human-robot/machine interfaces but still have limitations,including degradations of performance and robustness under repeated *** this paper,we describe an interesting phenomenon of the formation of LM microscale networks(LMMNs)and propose to use the LMMNs for fabricating thin-film conductors.A simple layer-by-layer(LBL)deposition process enables the growth of a hierarchical structure of LM microdroplets that forms a conductive network(i.e.,LMMN)when *** strain-history behavior of LMMNs allows conductivity enhancement up to 2.37×10^(6) S m^(-1) in response to increased tensile *** adjusting the number of LM layers in LBL deposition,the gauge factor(0.2≤GF≤1),the linearity,and the sheet resistance of LMMN films can be easily controlled,providing high potentials in various applications,including skin-mountable circuits,energy harvesters,and soft artificial skin.

关键词： strain networks conductivity

老年人群中的结肠镜检:在无症状患者中的低风险与低检出率

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第10期2卷 16-17页

作者： Duncan j.e. Sweeney W.B. Trudel j.L. 张红凯 Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Minnesota393 Dunlap Street NorthSt.PaulMN 55104United States.Dr

PURPOSe: Current colonoscopy guidelines do not address the issue of when to stop performing screening and surveillance colonoscopy in the elderly. We reviewed our experience and results of colonoscopy in patients aged 80 years and older to assess the risks and diagnostic yield in this population. MeTHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the endoscopic and pathologic reports from consecutive colonoscopies performed on patients aged 80 years and older at a single, high-volume endoscopy center between August 1999 and May 2003. Patient characteristics, indications for examination, findings at colonoscopy, and complications were recorded and analyzed. ReSULTS: A total of 1,199 colonoscopic examinations were performed on 1,112 patients. Average age was 83.1 (range, 80-100) years. Male∶female distribution was 1∶1.7. Leading exclusive indications for colonoscopy included: polyp surveillance, 227 (19 percent); altered bowel habits, 168 (14 percent); iron-deficiency anemia, 132 (11 percent); and cancer follow-up, 108 (9 percent). eighty-six examinations (7 percent) were performed solely for an indication of colorectal cancer screening. Twenty-two percent of patients had more than one indication for colonoscopy. Forty-five malignancies were found (3.7 percent). No cancers were found in the screening group, and two malignancies (0.7 percent) were detected in patients undergoing colonoscopy for polyp surveillance. There were eight (0.6 percent) reported major complications. CONCLUSIONS: Colonoscopy can be performed safely in patients aged 80 years and older. However, the diagnostic yield is low, particularly in patients undergoing routine screening or surveillance exam-inations. Colonoscopy should for the most part be limited to elderly patients with symptoms or specific clinical findings.

关键词：结肠镜检无症状患者内镜检查内镜中心结肠直肠癌病理学检查特殊临床表现排便习惯年龄组

在公布药物相关风险前后急性失代偿性心力衰竭患者使用奈西立肽的情况

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2007年第3期3卷 9-10页

作者： Hauptman P.j. Schnitzler M.A. Swindle j. Burroughs T.e. 郭俊 Dr.Division of Cardiology FDT-15Saint Louis University Hospital3635 Vista AveSt LouisMO 63110United States

背景:在公布临床试验的良好效果后,心血管疾病新治疗的采用率已有研究,但在药物研究的不良结果公布后对该药物的弃用率却知之甚少。

关键词：心血管疾病采用率临床试验国际疾病分类法医院数据库临床实践平均持续时间

Aspirin inhibits cell viability and mTOR downstream signaling in gastroenteropancreatic and bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumor cells

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 10038-10049页

作者： Matilde Spampatti George Vlotides Gerald Spttl julian Maurer Burkhard Gke Christoph j Auernhammer Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ University-Hospital Campus GrosshadernInterdisciplinary Center of Neuroendocrine Tumours of the GastroEnteroPancreatic System (GEPNET-KUM)Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich U.O.C.Gastroenterologia 2 Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Università degli Studi di Milano

AIM: To investigate the effect of aspirin on neuroendocrine tumor (NeT) cell growth and signaling in vitro.

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumors Aspirin Cell Viability Mammalian target of rapamycin protein