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Lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic:A case study from Indian cities shows insignificant effects on persistent property of urban air quality

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第6期13卷 347-358页

作者： Asha Chelani Sneha gautam Air Pollution Control Division CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(CSIR-NEERI)Nehru MargNagpur 440020India Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Coimbatore-641114Tamil NaduIndia

The influence of reduction in emissions on the inherent temporal characteristics of PMand NOconcentration time series in six urban cities of India is assessed by computing the Hurst exponent using Detrended Fluctuation Analysis(DFA) during the lockdown period(March 24–April 20, 2020) and the corresponding period during the previous two years(i.e., 2018 and 2019). The analysis suggests the anticipated impact of confinement on the PMand NOconcentration in urban cities, causing low concentrations. It is observed that the original PMand NOconcentration time series is persistent but filtering the time series by fitting the autoregressive process of order 1 on the actual time series and subtracting it changes the persistence property significantly. It indicates the presence of linear correlations in the PMand NOconcentrations. Hurst exponent of the PMand NOconcentration during the lockdown period and previous two years shows that the inherent temporal characteristics of the short-term air pollutant concentrations(APCs) time series do not change even after withholding the emissions. The meteorological variations also do not change over the three time periods. The finding helps in developing the prediction models for future policy decisions to improve urban air quality across cities.

关键词： Urban air quality Lockdown Persistence Temporal correlations

effect of using borax decahydrate as nanoparticles additive in blends of spirulina biodiesel/diesel on combustion characteristics and knock intensity

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Clean energy 2024年第3期8卷 62-78页

作者： Ajay Partap Singh Puneet Singh gautam Mechanical engineering Department IIMT University Meerut250001 Uttar PradeshIndia

In this extensive investigation,the impact of borax decahydrate as a fuel additive in a diesel single-cylinder engine was rigorously *** decahydrate was introduced at concentrations of 5,15,25 and 35 g in 500 ml of biodiesel,forming five unique fuel mixtures with conventional diesel:90%diesel+10%spirulina biodiesel(SB10),SB10+1 g borax decahydrate(SB10B1),SB10+3 g borax decahydrate(SB10B3),SB10+5 g borax decahydrate(SB10B5)and SB10+7 g borax decahydrate(SB10B7).The investigation encompassed four diverse loading conditions and yielded insightful ***,at full load,SB10B3 exhibited a higher cylinder peak pressure than diesel,reaching 69.25 *** release rate profiles demonstrated superior efficiency for SB10 at 50%load,with a cumulative heat release rate of 950 J/°CA,which is lower than the 1050 J/°CA of *** intensity(KI)evaluations revealed that,although SB10 and SB10B1 exhibited higher KI than diesel at full load due to elevated peak pressure,SB10B7 showed no knocking across all loads,indicative of reduced in-cylinder *** meticulous numerical analysis emphasizes the potential of borax decahydrate as a catalyst and enhancer,providing valuable insights into the combustion dynamics of these alternative fuel blends and their viability for sustainable and efficient engine *** summary,out of all the blends,SB10B3 could be a potential diesel fuel replacement fuel for compression-ignition engines.

关键词： spirulina biodiesel borax decahydrate diesel engine combustion knock intensity HRR in-cylinder pressure

Friction and wear behavior of Cu-4 wt.％Ni-TiC composites under dry sliding conditions

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Friction 2017年第4期5卷 437-446页

作者： Pushkar JHA Rakesh Kumar gautam Rajnesh TYAGI Department of Mechanical engineering Indian Institute of Technology(Banaras Hindu University)Varanasi 221005India

The present study synthesized Cu-4 wt％ Ni matrix composites reinforced with different percentages of TiC (0,2,4,6,and 8 wt％) through high-energy ball milling,followed by compaction and *** friction and wear behavior was examined at four different normal loads of 5,10,15,and 20 N.A constant sliding speed of 1.25 m/s was maintained while sliding against a hardened counterface made of eN31 steel (HRC 60) under ambient conditions using a pin-on-disk test *** composite hardness increased until the addition of 4 wt％ of TiC,beyond which it was observed to *** a trend may be attributed to the TiC agglomeration in the composites containing relatively larger amounts of TiC (i.e.,6 and 8 wt％).The wear rate linearly increased with the ***,the composites exhibited a lower rate of wear than the matrix alloy,which may have resulted from the relatively higher hardness of *** observed friction and wear behavior has been explained on the basis of hardness and presence of the transfer layer on the worn surface and its nature,i.e.,loose or well *** of 4 wt％ TiC showed the optimum performance in terms of friction and wear caused by its higher hardness and ability to hold a transfer layer of a relatively larger thickness compared to the other *** wear mechanism for the Cu4Ni matrix alloy was a mix of adhesive and oxidative wear and primarily abrasive for the composites containing hard TiC particles.

关键词： sliding wear composites TiC particles friction

IDS-INT:Intrusion detection system using transformer-based transfer learning for imbalanced network traffic

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第1期10卷 190-204页

作者： Farhan Ullah Shamsher Ullah gautam Srivastava Jerry Chun-Wei Lin School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXian710072ShaanxiChina Knowledge Unit of Systems and Technology University of Management and TechnologySialkot 51040Pakistan Department of Math and Computer Science Brandon UniversityBrandonMB R7A 6A9Canada Department of Computer Science and Math Lebanese American UniversityBeirut1102Lebanon Western Norway University of Applied Sciences BergenNorway Research Centre for Interneural Computing China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwanChina

A network intrusion detection system is critical for cyber security against llegitimate *** terms of feature perspectives,network traffic may include a variety of elements such as attack reference,attack type,a subcategory of attack,host information,malicious scripts,*** terms of network perspectives,network traffic may contain an imbalanced number of harmful attacks when compared to normal *** is challenging to identify a specific attack due to complex features and data imbalance *** address these issues,this paper proposes an Intrusion Detection System using transformer-based transfer learning for Imbalanced Network Traffic(IDS-INT).IDS-INT uses transformer-based transfer learning to learn feature interactions in both network feature representation and imbalanced ***,detailed information about each type of attack is gathered from network interaction descriptions,which include network nodes,attack type,reference,host information,***,the transformer-based transfer learning approach is developed to learn detailed feature representation using their semantic ***,the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique(SMOTe)is implemented to balance abnormal traffic and detect minority ***,the Convolution Neural Network(CNN)model is designed to extract deep features from the balanced network ***,the hybrid approach of the CNN-Long Short-Term Memory(CNN-LSTM)model is developed to detect different types of attacks from the deep *** experiments are conducted to test the proposed approach using three standard datasets,i.e.,UNsWNB15,CIC-IDS2017,and *** explainable AI approach is implemented to interpret the proposed method and develop a trustable model.

关键词： Network intrusion detection Transfer learning Features extraction Imbalance data explainable AI Cybersecurity

evidence of melt/rock interaction in the Cr-spinel bearing wehrlite rocks of Bangriposi, India: Implications for nature of the metasomatic agent

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第4期9卷 1213-1227页

作者： Tushar Mouli Chakraborti Arijit Ray gautam Kumar Deb Department of Geology Presidency University

Cr-spinel bearing wehrlite rocks of Bangriposi are found within the multiply deformed metasedimentary rocks of Singhbhum Group belonging to North Singhbhum Mobile Belt of eastern India. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies reveal that these rocks have suffered a two-stage alteration involving a deeper level modal and cryptic metasomatism and a subsequent shallower depth pervasive hydrothermal alteration. Cryptic metasomatism is defined by elevated LRee contents of the wehrlite and its clinopyroxne grains. Metasomatism induced changes in the modal mineralogy of the rocks include the absence of primary orthopyroxene grains, presence of secondary diopside-phlogopite（now present as vermiculite） defining disequilibrium reaction textures and secondary orthopyroxene rims around serpentinized olivine. The mineralogical and geochemical changes due to the metasomatic event present a contrasting picture in regard to the metasomatic history of the rocks. Possible scenarios involving a single stage or multiple stage metasomatism events have been discussed while explaining the metasomatic reactions that took place. An attempt has been made to estimate the Ree concentrations of the final equilibrating melt from Ree contents of clinopyroxene grains of the wehrlite. The possibility of the LRee-enriched equilibrating melt of the wehrlite rocks（the deeper level metasomatic agent） being similar to residual melts from the e-MORB type parental melts of nearby gabbro suite has been ruled out by geochemical modeling. Ree abundance patterns of several natural enriched melts have been compared with Ree pattern of calculated LRee-enriched equilibrating melt of the wehrlite and most resemblance has been observed with calcic and potassic melts. It is therefore suggested that the Cr-spinel bearing wehrlite rocks of Bangriposi has been affected by a calcio-potassic melt in deeper level, prior to the shallow level serpentinization event.

关键词： Wehrlite Modal metasomatism Cryptic metasomatism Vermiculite Carbonated alkaline melt

Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities to overcome resistance to therapy in acute myeloid leukemia

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2023年第3期6卷 567-589页

作者： Priyanka Sharma gautam Borthakur Department of Leukemia Section of Molecular Hematology and TherapeuticsThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA

Malignant hematopoietic cells gain metabolic plasticity, reorganize anabolic mechanisms to improve anabolic output and prevent oxidative damage, and bypass cell cycle checkpoints, eventually outcompeting normal hematopoietic cells. Current therapeutic strategies of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are based on prognostic stratification that includes mutation profile as the closest surrogate to disease biology. Clinical efficacy of targeted therapies, e.g., agents targeting mutant FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2, are mostly limited to the presence of relevant mutations. Recent studies have not only demonstrated that specific mutations in AML create metabolic vulnerabilities but also highlighted the efficacy of targeting metabolic vulnerabilities in combination with inhibitors of these mutations. Therefore, delineating the functional relationships between genetic stratification, metabolic dependencies, and response to specific inhibitors of these vulnerabilities is crucial for identifying more effective therapeutic regimens, understanding resistance mechanisms, and identifying early response markers, ultimately improving the likelihood of cure. In addition, metabolic changes occurring in the tumor microenvironment have also been reported as therapeutic targets. The metabolic profiles of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) differ, and relapsed/refractory LSCs switch to alternative metabolic pathways, fueling oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), rendering them therapeutically resistant. In this review, we discuss the role of cancer metabolic pathways that contribute to the metabolic plasticity of AML and confer resistance to standard therapy;we also highlight the latest promising developments in the field in translating these important findings to the clinic and discuss the tumor microenvironment that supports metabolic plasticity and interplay with AML cells.

关键词： OXPHOS DHODH leukemia stem cells mesenchymal stromal cells IDH

The Himalayan Collisional Orogeny:A Metamorphic Perspective

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2022年第6期96卷 1842-1866页

作者： WANG Jiamin WU Fuyuan ZHANG Jinjiang gautam KHANAL YANG Lei State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Mines and Geology of Nepal Kathmandu 44600Nepal College of earth Sciences Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China

This paper introduces how crustal thickening controls the growth of the Himalaya by summarizing the P-T-t evolution of the Himalayan metamorphic *** Himalayan orogeny was divided into three *** 60–40 Ma:The Himalayan crust thickened to~40 km through Barrovian-type metamorphism(15–25°C/km),and the Himalaya rose frome crust gradually thickened to 60–70 km,resulting in abundant high-grade metamorphism and anatexis(peak-P,15–25°C/km;peak-T,>30°C/km).The three sub-sheets in the Himalayan metamorphic core extruded southward sequentially through imbricate thrusts of the eo-Himalayan thrust,High Himalayan thrust,and Main Central thrust,and the Himalaya rose to≥5,000 *** 16–0 Ma:the mountain roots underwent localized delamination,causing asthenospheric upwelling and overprinting of the lower crust by ultra-high-temperature metamorphism(30–50°C/km),and the Himalaya reached the present elevation of~6,000 *** and imbricate thrusting dominated the Himalaya’growth and topographic rise,conforming to the critical taper wedge *** delamination of mountain roots facilitated further topographic *** Himalayan metamorphic studies should focus on extreme metamorphism and major collisional events,contact metamorphism and rare metal mineralization,metamorphic decarbonation and the carbon cycle in collisional belts.

关键词： continental collision crustal thickening mountain uplift critical taper wedge and channel flow P-T-t path Himalaya

Comparison of microwave and autoclave treatment for biomedical waste disinfection

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2022年第4期2卷 732-742页

作者： Vamsi Krishna Reddy Kollu Parmeshwar Kumar Krishna gautam All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi 110029India Centre for energy and environmental Sustainability LucknowUttar Pradesh 226029India

As the world is facing a Covid-19 pandemic,this virus teaches a lesson about the importance of on-site ***-site disinfection/sterilization with real-time monitoring of biomedical waste generated from the medical facilities is mandatory to prevent hospital-acquired infection(HAI).In this study,the life cycle assessment of two technologies,i.e.,microwave(radiation-based)and autoclave(steam-based)were performed to summarize the inside-out evaluation of both technologies in terms of efficiency,efficacy,and *** results of disinfection efficacy indicated a log 10 reduction(almost 100%)in the vegetative load of microorganisms compared to the control,showing a similar level of disinfection efficacy of both ***,both technologies were compared on several parameters,and it was discovered that the autoclave uses more time and resources than the *** total cost of an autoclave to the government is approximately double that of a microwave,while the operational cost of an autoclave is more than double that of a *** findings from this study indicate that MACS may be used as a dry technique of biomedical disinfection,and its portability,tunability,and compactness make it a suitable alternative for biomedical disinfection and sterilization.

关键词： Biomedical waste management Microwave Disinfection Sterilization COVID-19

Tectonic juxtaposition of crust and continental growth during orogenesis: example from the Rengali Province, eastern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第4期6卷 537-555页

作者： Sankar Bose Susmita Guha gautam Ghosh Kaushik Das Joydip Mukhopadhyay Department of Geology Presidency University Department of earth and Planetary Systems Science Hiroshima University PPM Research Group Department of Geology University of Johannesburg

The southern houndary of the Singhbhum Craton witnessed multiple orogenies that juxtaposed thin slice of granulite suite of the Rengali Province against the low-grade granite-greenstone belt of the craton along the e-W trending Sukinda Thrust. The strong southerly dipping mylonitic foliation within the granulites along with the pronlinent down-dip mineral lineation, suggest a northerly-verging thrusting. Mylonitized charnockite at the contact zone contains enclaves of mafic and ultranlafic granulite, whereas granitoid gneiss contains enclaves of pelitic granulite. Mafic granulite enclaves preserve an early （SiM） foliation that formed during DiM deformation. This rock, along with the host charnockite, were intensely deformed by the D2M thrusting event and resulting S2M foliation development in both rock suites. Geothermobaronietric and pseudosection analyses show that the garnet-clinopyroxene-plagioclase- orthopyroxene-ihllenite-quartz assemblage in mafic granulite was stabilized at high-pressure and temperature conditions （10 12 kbar, 860 C） and was overprinted by a fine-grained assemblage of cli- nopyroxene-plagioclase J hornblende that developed during deconlpression （down to 5.5-7.5 I〈bar）. Matrix hornblende shows incipient breakdown to garnet-clinopyroxene-quartz intergrowth due to a granulite facies reworking. A contrasting P-T history is preserved in the pelitic granulite. The peak assemblage garnet-orthopyroxene-cordierite-quartz-rutile was stabilized at -6.0 kbar, 730 C which resulted flom heating of the mid crust magma during the D2M thrusting. The contrasting P-T histories could result flonl the tectonic juxtaposition of lowerand mid-crustal section during the D2M event. evidences of an early orogenic imprint within the mafic granulite imply involvement of deep continental crust during southward growth of the Singhbhum Craton.

关键词： Singhbhunl cratonRengali Province Granulite enclave Tectonic juxtaposition