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Uncovering the genetic diversity of Giardia intestinalis in isolates from outbreaks in New Zealand

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第3期11卷 27-36页

作者： Paul Ogbuigwe Patrick J.Biggs Juan Carlos Garcia-Ramirez Matthew A.Knox anthony Pita Niluka Velathanthiri Nigel P.French David T.S.Hayman School of Veterinary Science Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthManawatu-WanganuiNew Zealand School of Natural Sciences Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthManawatu-WanganuiNew Zealand

Background:Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea worldwide. Molecular techniques have greatly improved our understanding of the taxonomy and epidemiology of this parasite. Co-infection with mixed (sub-) assemblages has been reported, however, Sanger sequencing is sometimes unable to identify shared subtypes between samples involved in the same epidemiologically linked event, due to samples showing multiple dominant subtypes within the same outbreak. Here, we aimed to use a metabarcoding approach to uncover the genetic diversity within samples from sporadic and outbreak cases of giardiasis to characterise the subtype diversity, and determine if there are common sequences shared by epidemiologically linked cases that are missed by Sanger ***:We built a database with 1109 unique glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) locus sequences covering most of the assemblages of G. intestinalis and used gdh metabarcoding to analyse 16 samples from sporadic and outbreak cases of giardiasis that occurred in New Zealand between 2010 and ***:There is considerable diversity of subtypes of G. intestinalis present in each sample. The utilisation of metabarcoding enabled the identification of shared subtypes between samples from the same outbreak. Multiple variants were identified in 13 of 16 samples, with Assemblage B variants most common, and Assemblages e and A present in mixed ***:This study showed that G. intestinalis infections in humans are frequently mixed, with multiple subtypes present in each host. Shared sequences among epidemiologically linked cases not identified through Sanger sequencing were detected. Considering the variation in symptoms observed in cases of giardiasis, and the potential link between symptoms and (sub-) assemblages, the frequency of mixed infections could have implications for our understanding of host–pathogen interactions.

关键词： DNA sequencing epidemiology Genetic diversity Giardiasis Metabarcoding

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Studies on Properties of Lipase Produced from Aspergillus sp. Isolated from Compost Soil

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Advances in enzyme Research 2022年第2期10卷 49-60页

作者： Chijioke O. ezenwelu Oladejo A. Afeez Obiano U. anthony Okoro A. Promise Ude-ezika C. Mmesoma Oparaji e. Henry Department of Applied Biochemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria Department of Chemical Sciences Spiritan University Nneochi Abia State Nigeria

Lipase producing Aspergillus was isolated from soil collected from a refuse dump site located at Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria using standard microbiology and biochemical techniques. Crude extract of lipase was produced after a successful screening of the isolates using mineral broth containing p-NPP through submerged fermentation system with optimized physiologic conditions. Three steps of purification were carried out: Ammonium sulphate, dialysis and gel filtration (sephadex G-150). Crude extract was precipitated by using 70% saturation of ammonium sulphate at pH 6.0 which gave the optimum precipitation of the protein with specific activity of 260.56 U/mg. Precipitation using ammonium sulphate carried out at pH 6.5 and 8.0 gave specific activity of 217 U/mg of the protein. The precipitates were further desalted through dialysis for twelve hours and specific activity of 343.20 U/mg was recorded from the dialysate afterwards. Further purification was done by using sephadex G-150 and specific activity of 490.55 U/mg was recorded from the active pooled fractions. The purification table showed a 2.32 purification folds of lipase was gotten after gel filtration (sephadex G-150) with a lipase percentage yield of 2.00%. The specific activity of lipase increased from 211.81 to 490.55 U/mg. Characterization of β-galactosidase gave optima pH and temperature of the enzyme at 6.0 and 60°C respectively. Kinetic constants: Km and Vmax values were obtained at various concentrations of p-NPP where 0.32 mM and Vmax of 200.00 μmol/min respectively. Ca2+ and Co2+ showed greater effect on lipase activity in a concentration-dependent manner (0.03 - 0.05 M) when compared to Mn2+ and Fe2+. The results from this study have shown that lipase produced from filamentous Aspergillus has a wide range of activity over physiologic conditions in regards to industrial and clinical standard operational procedures.

关键词： Lipase Purification Specific Activity Precipitation Purification Folds

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National trends in total hip arthroplasty for traumatic hip fractures:An analysis of a nationwide all-payer database

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2020年第1期11卷 18-26页

作者： anthony J Boniello Alexander M Lieber Kevin Denehy Priscilla Cavanaugh Yehuda e Kerbel Andrew Star Rothman Orthopaedic Institute Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States Drexel University College of Medicine PhiladelphiaPA 19123United States Bluegrass Orthopaedics LexingtonKY 40509United States Deparment of Orthopaedics Hospital of University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States

BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty(HA)has traditionally been the treatment of choice for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck *** treatment for younger,ambulatory patients is not as *** hip arthroplasty(THA)has been increasingly utilized in this population however the factors associated with undergoing HA or THA have not been fully *** To examine what patient characteristics are associated with undergoing THA or *** determine if outcomes differ between the *** We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS)for patients that underwent HA or THA for a femoral neck fracture between 2005 and *** NIS comprises a large representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations in the United *** Classifications of Disease,Ninth edition(ICD-9)codes were used to identify patients in our *** variables,hospital characteristics,payer status,medical comorbidities and mortality rates were compared between the two *** logistic regression analysis was then performed to identify independent risk factors of treatment *** Of the total 502060 patients who were treated for femoral neck fracture,51568(10.3%)underwent THA and the incidence of THA rose from 8.3%to 13.7%.Private insurance accounted for a higher percentage of THA than *** increased most in urban teaching hospitals relative to urban non-teaching *** length of stay(LOS)was longer for *** mean charges were less for HA,however charges decreased steadily for both *** had a higher mortality rate,however,after adjusting for age and comorbidities HA was not an independent risk factor for ***,private insurance was an independent predictor for treatment with *** There has been an increase in the use of THA for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the United States,most notably in urban *** and THA are decreasing in total charges and LOS.

关键词： Hip fracture Total hip arthroplasty Hemiarthroplasty Cost Length of stay National Inpatient Sample

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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILe Mission

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earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.e.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.Thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain eSTeC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link explorer(SMILe)*** is a joint science mission between the european Space Agency(eSA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILe *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILe will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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Asymptotic and numerical study of a surface breaking crack subject to a transient thermal loading

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2006年第1期22卷 22-27页

作者： A.B. Movchan I.S. jones ljmu.ac.uk Department of Mathematical SciencesUniversity of Liverpoo UK L69 3BX School of engineeringJames Parsons BuildingJohn Moores UniversityByrom St.Liverpool UK. L3 3AF E-mail: i.s.jones

An asymptotic algorithm is applied to the problem of a finite, thermo-elastic solid containing a surface breaking crack, when the exterior surface is subjected to oscillatory thermal loading. This algorithm involves the study of a model problem. An analytical and numerical study of this model problem of a thermo-elastic half space containing a surface breaking crack and subjected to oscillatory thermal loading is presented. The crack surface is traction free. In particular, the amplitude of the stress intensity factor at the crack vertex is found as a function of the crack depth and the frequency of thermal oscillation.

关键词： Thermo-elasticity Surface breaking crack Wiener-Hopf solution Weight function method

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Ideas speaking and listening activities for upper-intermediate student Teacher's book

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1984年

作者： L.jones

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Trichomeriaceae, a new sooty mould family of Chaetothyriales

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第5期56卷 63-76页

作者： Putarak Chomnunti D.J.Bhat e.B.Gareth jones ekachai Chukeatirote Ali H.Bahkali Kevin D.Hyde International Fungal Research and Development Centre The Research Institute of Resource InsectsChinese Academy of ForestryBailongsiKunmingYunnanPeople’s Republic of China 650224 Institute of excellence in Fungal Research School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Institute of Ocean and earth Sciences(IOeS) C308Institute of Postgraduate Studies BuildingUniversity of Malaya50603Kuala LumpurMalaysia College of Science Botany and Microbiology DepartmentKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 1145Saudi Arabia

Trichomerium is a genus of foliar epiphytes with the appearance of sooty moulds,mostly occurring on the surface of living leaves and apparently gaining their nutrients from insect *** have ascostromata with setae and develop on a loosely interwoven mycelial mass of dark brown hyphae,while asci have a bitunicate appearance with hyaline *** this study,we made 16 collections of Trichomerium from *** were isolated,and the LSU and ITS rDNA gene regions *** analysis indicated that the Trichomerium species form a monophyletic clade within Chaetothyriales and warrant the introduction of a new family *** support for the Chaetothyriales is 100%and clearly separates Trichomeriaceae from Capnodiales which are morphologically very similar.A detailed account of Trichomerium is provided and we describe and illustrate three new species based on morphological and molecular *** propose that *** is adopted as the generic type of Trichomerium because it has been impossible to obtain the holotype specimen of *** and also no molecular data exists in worldwide databases for this species or genus.

关键词： Foliar epiphytes Phylogeny Sooty moulds Trichomerium

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AGRONOMIC AND eNVIRONMeNTAL BeNeFITS OF ReINTRODUCING HeRB-AND LeGUMe-RICH MULTISPeCIeS LeYS INTO ARABLe ROTATIONS:A ReVIeW

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2022年第2期9卷 245-271页

作者： emily C.COOLeDGe David R.CHADWICK Lydia M.J.SMITH Jonathan R.LeAKe Davey L.jones School of Natural Sciences Bangor UniversityGwyneddLL572UWUK National Institute of Agricultural Botany Huntingdon RoadCambridgeCB 3 OLEUK Plants Photosynthesis and SoilUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldS102TNUK Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems Food Futures InstituteMurdochWA 6150Australia

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent decline of mixed farming systems has led to an increase in continuous cropping with only a few fallow or break years,undermining global soil ***-ley rotations incorporating temporary pastures(leys) lasting 1–4 years may alleviate soil degradation by building soil fertility and improving soil ***,the majority of previous research on arable-ley rotations has utilized either grass or grassclover leys within ungrazed *** leys,containing a mix of grasses,legumes,and herbs,are rapidly gaining popularity due to their promotion in agri-environment schemes and potential to deliver greater ecosystem services than conventional grass or grass-clover *** grazing in arable-ley rotations may increase the economic resilience of these systems,despite limited research of the effects of multispecies leys on ruminant health and greenhouse gas *** review aims to evaluate previous research on multispecies leys,highlighting areas for future research and the potential benefits and disbenefits on soil quality and livestock *** botanical composition of multispecies leys is crucial,as legumes,deep rooted perennial plants(e.g.,Onobrychis viciifolia and Cichorium intybus) and herbs(e.g.,Plantago lanceolata) can increase soil carbon,improve soil structure,reduce nitrogen fertilizer requirements,and promote the recovery of soil fauna(e.g.,earthworms) in degraded arable soils while delivering additional environmental benefits(e.g.,biological nitrification inhibition and enteric methane reduction).Multispecies leys have the potential to deliver biologically driven regenerative agriculture,but more long-term research is needed to underpin evidence-based policy and farmer guidance.

关键词： bioactive forages integrated crop-livestock systems nitrogen cycling plant secondary metabolites soil carbon soil quality

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Factor analysis identifies subgroups of constipation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第11期17卷 1468-1474页

作者： Philip G Dinning Mike jones Linda Hunt Sergio e Fuentealba Jamshid Kalanter Denis W King David Z Lubowski Nicholas J Talley Ian J Cook Department of Gastroenterology St.George HospitalUniversity of New South WalesKogarahNSW 2217Australia Department of Psychology Macquarie UniversityNSW 2109Australia Gastroenterology Research Unit Nepean HospitalUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW 2050Australia Department of Colorecta Surgery St.George HospitalKogarahNSW 2217Australia Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicJacksonvilleFL 32224United States

AIM:To determine whether distinct symptom groupings exist in a constipated population and whether such grouping might correlate with quantifiable pathophysiological measures of colonic ***:One hundred and ninety-one patients presenting to a Gastroenterology clinic with constipation and 32 constipated patients responding to a newspaper advertisement completed a 53-item,wide-ranging selfreport *** hundred of these patients had colonic transit measured *** analysis determined whether constipation-related symptoms grouped into distinct aspects of *** analysis was used to determine whether indi-vidual patients naturally group into distinct ***:Cluster analysis yielded a 4 cluster solution with the presence or absence of pain and laxative unresponsiveness providing the main *** all clusters there was a considerable proportion of patients with demonstrable delayed colon transit,irritable bowel syndrome positive criteria and regular stool *** majority of patients with these characteristics also reported regular laxative ***:Factor analysis identified four constipation subgroups,based on severity and laxative unresponsiveness,in a constipated ***,clear stratification into clinically identifiable groups remains imprecise.

关键词：大便秘结因子分析识别亚群润肠通便聚类分析病理生理功能紊乱

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Combining spatial modelling and radar to identify and protect avian migratory hot-spots

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 680-691页

作者： Mark DeSHOLM Rashpal GILL Thomas BOVITH anthony D. FOX Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Kalo Grenavej 14 8410 Ronde Denmark BirdLife Denmark Vesterbrogade 140 1620 Copenhagen V Denmark Research Department Danish Meteorological Institute Lyngbyvej 100 2100 Copenhagen O Denmark

Migrating landbirds are known to follow coast lines and concentrate on peninsulas prior to crossing water bodies, especially during daylight but also at night, creating enhanced potential collision hazards with man-made objects. Knowing where these avian migration “hot-spots” occur in time and space is vital to improve flight safety and inform the spatial planning process (e.g. environmental assessments for offshore windfarms). We developed a simple spatial model to identify avian migration hot-spots in coastal areas based on prevailing migration orientation and coastline features known, from visual and radar observations, to concentrate migrating landbirds around land masses. Regional scale model validation was achieved by combining nocturnal passerine movement data gathered from two tier radar coverage (long-range dual-polarization Doppler weather radar and short-range marine surveillance radar) and standardised bird ringing. Applied on a national scale, the model correctly identified the ten most important Danish coastal hot-spots for spring migrants and predicted the relative numbers of birds that concentrated at each site. These bird numbers corresponded well with historical observational data. Here, we provide a potential framework for the establishment of the first three-dimensional avian airspace sanctuaries, which could contribute to more effective conservation of long-distance migratory birds.

关键词：鸟类保护区雷达识别迁徙空间建模多普勒天气雷达空间模型沿海地区海上风电场

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