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Study of Fruit Diversity and Selection of Elite Acid Lime (<i>Citrus aurantifolia Swingle</i>) Genotypes in Nepal

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1098-1104页

作者： Ram Lal Shrestha durga Datta Dhakal durga Mani Gautum Krishna prasad Paudyal Sangita Shrestha Agricultural Research Station (ARS) Dhankuta Nepal Horticulture Research Division (HRD) Lalitpur Nepal Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) Rampur Chitwan Nepal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Lalitpur Nepal

Acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia) fruits are cultivated in terai, mid hill and high hill districts of Nepal. It is cross-pollinated crop and has a high variation in fruit characters within the species. Fruit character is the main basis of genotype selection. Study of fruit diversity is of utmost importance to select the elite genotypes for breeding and variety development program. Therefore, total of 620 fruit samples were collected and evaluated in the main production season of the year 2010 and 2011, from 62 bearing trees. Samples were collected from three agro-ecological domains, representing terai, mid hill and high hill areas of eastern Nepal. Elite landraces were selected on the basis of scoring fruit characters. High variation in vitamin C was observed between the terai (57.4 mg) and high hill (72.5 mg) samples. Amount of juice was 36.8% in mid hill and 44.1% in terai samples. Higher percent of juice and total soluble solids (TSS) observed in terai samples but tritable acidity (TA) and vitamin C was low as compare to high hills. There was significantly negative correlation found in fruit weight, fruit diameter, juice percent and seed number, whereas significantly positive correlation was in pulp and vitamin C, with altitude range. Total landraces were separated in five major cluster group. Variation in the level of similarity was observed among the cluster groups. The variability distance of fruit characters was highest in cluster group II (–17.45%) and lowest in cluster group V (58.5%). On the basis of scoring number of fruit characters, total four elite genotypes i.e. LD-49 from mid hills, LD-23 and LT-17 from higher hills and LM-44 from terai were selected for conservation, breeding and variety development purpose.

关键词： Vitamin C TSS TA Correlation Elite Genotypes Conservation

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Bismuth Modified Porous Silica Preparation,Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity Evaluation for Degradation of Isoproturon

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第7期29卷 639-646页

作者： Anil Kumar Reddy Police Srinivas Basavaraju durga Kumari Valluri Subrahmanyam Machiraju Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division Indian Institute of Chemical TechnologyHyderabad 500607India

Porous silica prepared by using an acrylic emulsion has been impregnated with bismuth ion resulting in Bi2Si05 species containing surface. The as-prepared materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive analysis of X-ray （EDAX）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and N2 adsorption/desorption techniques. EDAX analysis confirms the penetration of bismuth ions into the framework of silica to form Bi2SiO5, which is substantiated by XRD. The UV-Vis DRS shows that the catalysts are optically active and XPS confirms the inclusion of bismuth into the framework of silica. FTIR spectra illustrate the formation of Bi-O-Si linkages in the porous silica framework. SEM and TEM show the spherical morphology, whereas N2 adsorption/desorption study confirms the porosity of the prepared materials. The photocatalytic activity of the material is evaluated for the degradation of isoproturon herbicide and it is found that the material is active as compared to the commercial P-25 Degussa TiO2.

关键词： Acrylic emulsion Emulsion polymerization technique Porous silica Bi2SiO5 Photocatalyfic degradation lsoproturon

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A data mining approach to characterize road accident locations

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2016年第1期24卷 62-72页

作者： Sachin Kumar durga Toshniwal Centre for Transportation Systems(CTRANS) Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Computer Science & Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

Data mining has been proven as a reliable technique to analyze road accidents and provide productive results. Most of the road accident data analysis use data mining techniques, focusing on identifying factors that affect the severity of an accident. However, any damage resulting from road accidents is always unacceptable in terms of health, property damage and other economic factors. Sometimes, it is found that road accident occurrences are more frequent at certain specific locations. The analysis of these locations can help in identifying certain road accident features that make a road accident to occur frequently in these locations. Association rule mining is one of the popular data mining techniques that identify the correlation in various attributes of road accident. In this paper, we first applied k-means algorithm to group the accident locations into three categories, high-frequency, moderate-frequency and low-frequency accident locations. k-means algorithm takes accident frequency count as a parameter to cluster the locations. Then we used association rule mining to characterize these locations. The rules revealed different factors associated with road accidents at different locations with varying accident frequencies. Theassociation rules for high-frequency accident location disclosed that intersections on highways are more dangerous for every type of accidents. High-frequency accident locations mostly involved two-wheeler accidents at hilly regions. In moderate-frequency accident locations, colonies near local roads and intersection on highway roads are found dangerous for pedestrian hit accidents. Low-frequency accident locations are scattered throughout the district and the most of the accidents at these locations were not critical. Although the data set was limited to some selected attributes, our approach extracted some useful hidden information from the data which can be utilized to take some preventive efforts in these locations.

关键词： Road accidents Accident analysis Datamining k-Means Association rule mining

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Effect of Beryllium Aluminum Cyclosilicate on Thermal Expansion Behavior of Al-Based Composites

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 140-152页

作者： V. Bharat B. durga prasad K. Venkateswarlu Department of Mechanical Engineering JNTUA Anantapuramu India CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories Bangalore India

Beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate, an ore of beryllium was reinforced in Aluminum matrix to fabricate Al-beryl composites using powder metallurgy. Effect of the content of beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate on microstructural hardness and thermal expansion was studied. The coefficient of thermal expansion of Al-beryl composite was measured in the temperature range between 50oC to 360oC using dilatometer and was theoretically studied using thermo-elastic models, and these models were used to explain abnormalities observed experimentally. The hardness of Al-beryl metal matrix composites increased with the increase in beryl percentage. Vacuum sintering of Al-beryl metal matrix composites at 600oC inhibited excellent bonding between the matrix and the particulate increasing the strength of the composite. The result shows the CTE significantly increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing reinforcement. At higher temperatures, CTE of Al-beryl metal matrix composites with 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt% of beryllium aluminum cyclosilicate was 21 ppm/K, 18.2 ppm/K, and 16.8 ppm/K. The CTE values were found to be comparable with theoretical results. The turner model showed conformance with experimental results, was well suited to the experimental results.

关键词： Al-Beryl MMCs Powder Metallurgy Hardness Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) Thermo-Elastic Models

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Variation of Physiochemical Components of Acid Lime (<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i>Swingle) Fruits at Different Sides of the Tree in Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第12期3卷 1688-1692页

作者： Ram Lal Shrestha durga Datta Dhakal durga Mani Gautum Krishna prasad Paudyal Sangita Shrestha Agricultural Research Station (ARS) Dhankuta Nepal Horticulture Research Division (HRD) Khumaltar Lalitpur Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) Chitwan Nepal Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Lalitpur Nepal

Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is one of the important commercial fruits cultivated from terai to high hill of Nepal. It is an important source of vitamin “C” (ascorbic acid) for human nutrition. Amount of juice, TSS (Total soluble solids), TA (Titrable acid) and vitamin C are the determining factors of quality of acid lime fruits which may vary according to bearing sides of the trees. The main objective of this study is, to determine the variation of fruit quality at different sides of the tree. Total of 15 bearing trees were selected randomly (5 trees per site) from three different agro ecological domain representing terai (1200 m asl) and samples were collected from the selected trees. Randomly ten fruits (from east, west, centre, north and south sides) were collected from each tree and analyzed for amount of vitamin C, TSS, TA and juice. Highest ascorbic acid 79.6 mg and 69.9 mg was observed in south side fruits whereas lowest 62.8 mg and 55.1 mg was observed in centre fruits in the high and mid hills zone respectively, but in terai, highest ascorbic acid 58.7 mg was observed in north side and lowest 41.8 mg was observed in centre. Highest amount of juice 43.9% was observed in south side fruits and lowest 36.6% in centre fruits, but amount of TSS 8.2% and TA 7.2% was observed in south side fruits and lowest 7.3% TSS and 7.0% TA was observed in centre fruits in high hills. In terai highest TSS 8.3% and TA 7.4% was observed in north side fruits and lowest TSS 7.3% and TA 6.7% was observed in centre fruits. Variation of TSS, TA percent and ascorbic acids was observed according to the agro ecological zone.

关键词： Ascorbic Acid Agro-Ecological Zone TSS TA Juice

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Proposed Model of Electric Field Effects in High-Purity GaAs at Room Temperature

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2014年第5期4卷 99-103页

作者： durga prasad Sapkota Madhu Sudan Kayastha Makoto Takahashi Koichi Wakita Graduate School of Engineering Chubu University Kasugai Japan Research and Development Nepal Telecom Kathmandu Nepal

We have proposed a new model for the calculation of excitonic electroabsorption based on modified previously reported models for bulk structure. The excitonic absorption spectra in high purity GaAs have been theoretically studied in the presence of electric field at room temperature (RT). The Stark shift, linewidth broadening of exciton and extinction ratio have been calculated as a function of electric field. For the validity of our model we have compared with experimental result.

关键词： Optoelectronics Electroabsorption Modulator

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An integrated fuzzy production inventory model for manufacturer–retailer coordination under simple carbon tax system

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Journal of Management Analytics 2023年第1期10卷 38-88页

作者： G.durga Bhavani G.S.Mahapatra Akhilesh Kumar Department of Mathematics National Institute of Technology PuducherryKaraikalIndia Department of Mathematics Arignar Anna Government Arts and Science CollegeKaraikalIndia

This paper develops twin models towards integrated production inventory planning for manufacturer–retailer ecosystem in a sustainable supply chain ***-making models are developed in fuzzy environment and under purview of carbon taxation *** conception of Fermatean fuzzy numbers is introduced for handling parameters *** first model addresses planning problem without considering green investments,whereas the second one additionally identifies optimal green investments for each player of *** are formulated as nonlinear optimization problems with objective of maximizing *** of results from both models enables decision-makers to figure out the profitability of green investment *** instance with data from the existing literature is solved using Mathematica *** results for studied case report profitability of green investments for supply chain partners and significant reduction in carbon emissions as *** analysis demonstrates stability of the proposed *** models equip small-scale retailer-manufacture tie-ups prevalent in developing economies for discussed decisions.

关键词： sustainable supply chain carbon emission reduction production and inventory systems green investments organic ingredients Fermatean fuzzy numbers

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Anti-thymocyte globulin for treatment of T-cell-mediated allograft rejection

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第6期13卷 299-308页

作者： Sumit Acharya Suraj Lama durga Anil Kanigicherla Department of Nephrology Shahid Dharmabhakta National Transplant CenterBhaktapur 44800Nepal Department of Renal Medicine Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom

Anti-thymocyte globulin(ATG)is a pivotal immunosuppressive therapy utilized in the management of T-cell-mediated rejection and steroid-resistant rejection among renal transplant *** available as Thymoglobulin(rabbit-derived,Sanofi,United States),ATG-Fresenius S(rabbit-derived),and ATGAM(equine-derived,Pfizer,United States),these formulations share a common mechanism of action centered on their interaction with cell surface markers of immune cells,imparting immunosuppressive *** the prevailing mechanism predominantly involves T-cell depletion via the complement-mediated pathway,alternate mechanisms have been *** dosing and treatment duration of ATG have exhibited variance across randomised trials and clinical reports,rendering the establishment of standardized guidelines a *** spectrum of risks associated with ATG administration spans from transient adverse effects such as fever,chills,and skin rash in the acute phase to long-term concerns related to immunosuppression,including susceptibility to infections and *** comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough exploration of the current understanding of ATG,encompassing its mechanism of action,clinical utility in the treatment of acute renal graft rejections,specifically steroid-resistant cases,efficacy in rejection episode reversal,and a synthesis of findings from different eras of maintenance ***,it delves into the adverse effects associated with ATG therapy and its impact on long-term graft ***,the review underscores the existing gaps in evidence,particularly in the context of the Banff classification of rejections,and highlights the challenges faced by clinicians when navigating the available literature to strike the optimal balance between the risks and benefits of ATG utilization in renal transplantation.

关键词： Anti-thymocyte globulin T-cell-mediated rejection Steroid-resistant rejection Biopsy confirmed acute rejection

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New Concepts on Quadripartitioned Bipolar Single Valued Neutrosophic Graph

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第1期130卷 559-580页

作者： S.Satham Hussain G.Muhiuddin N.durga D.Al-Kadi PG and Research Department of Mathematics Jamal Mohamed College(Autonomus)Tiruchirappalli620020India Department of Mathematics University of TabukTabuk71491Saudi Arabia Division of Mathematics School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of Technology-Chennai CampusChennai600127India Department of Mathematics and Statistic College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia

The partition of indeterminacy function of the neutrosophic set into the contradiction part and the ignorance part represent the quadripartitioned single valued neutrosophic *** this work,the new concept of quadripartitioned bipolar single valued neutrosophic graph is established,and the operations on it are *** Cartesian product,cross product,lexicographic product,strong product and composition of quadripartitioned bipolar single valued neutrosophic graph are *** proposed concepts are illustrated with examples.

关键词： Quadripartitioned bipolar single valued neutrosophic graph operations of quadripartitioned bipolar single valued neutrosophic graph Cartesian product

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Effect of Pre-Harvest Application of Gibberellic Acid on Fruit Quality and Shelf Life of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第7期7卷 1033-1039页

作者： Pradeep Raj Rokaya Dilli Ram Baral durga Mani Gautam Arjun Kumar Shrestha Krishna prasad Paudyal Agriculture and Forestry University Rampur Chitwan Nepal National Agricultural Research Institute (NARI) NARC Khumaltar Lalitpur Nepal

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a promising fruit crop gaining popularity for its human nutrition and economic importance in Nepal. The qualitative losses during pre-harvest stage hinder the productivity and subsequently shorten the on-tree storability. An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of gibberellic acid on quality and shelf life of the mandarin fruit. GA3 at 10, 20, and 30 ppm as against of control were evaluated. Observations on fruit weight (g), fruit firmness (kg/cm2), rind colour (1 - 5 index), juice recovery (%), TSS/acid ratio, PLW (%), decay loss (%), and ascorbic acid (mg/100 ml) were recorded at three harvesting dates i.e. 20 Nov, 5 Dec, and 20 Dec and storage condition. It has been revealed that the fruits treated with GA3 at 20 ppm retained higher fruit weight (128.6 g), more firmness (3.54 kg/cm2), better juice recovery (57.75%), and greater TSS/acid ratio (21.24) at the end of study (20 December). The PLW was found less with GA3 at 30 ppm in both ambient (5.17%) and cellar (6.69%) condition as against untreated fruits (9.52% and 11.76%). Similarly, the decay loss was minimum in the fruits treated with GA3 at 30 ppm both with ambient (1.02%) and cellar condition (8.21%) as against control with ambient (5.54%) and cellar (21.58%).

关键词： Fruit Quality Gibberellic Acid Peel Puncture Resistance Physiological Loss in Weight Postharvest Shelf Life

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