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COMPARISON OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR WAVES ASSOCIATED WITH STEADY-STATE FORCING SOURCES

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1990年第5期4卷 650-660页

作者：雷兆崇 C.N.duncan Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing Department of Meteorology University of Edinburgh U.K.

Low-frequency phenomena in the atmosphere are intimately related to stationary waves and, in a sense, the former may even be viewed as the time-varying part of the quasi-stationary waves themselves, Much attention has been focused on nonlinear interactions in the conceptual study on stationary waves. Linear and nonlinear primitive-equation baroclinic spectral models are adopted to investigate the response of stationary waves to large- scale mechanical forcing and steady-state thermal forcing, both idealized and realistic, followed by calculations of the EP fluxes and three-dimensional wave activity fluxes (Plumb, 1985) for both the linear and nonlinear solu- tions. Results show that when the forcing source grows intense enough to be comparable to the real one, non- linear interaction becomes very important, especially for the maintenance of tropical and polar stationary waves. Care should be taken, however, in using the EP flux and Plumb's 3-D flux for diagnostic analysis of observational data as they are highly sensitive to nonlinear interaction.

关键词： COMPARISON OF LINEAR AND NONLINEAR WAVES ASSOCIATED WITH STEADY-STATE FORCING SOURCES

Development of a new humane toxin for predator control in New Zealand

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第1期5卷 31-36页

作者： Charles T.EASON Elaine C.MURPHY Steve HIX duncan B.MACMORRAN Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Department of EcologyLincoln UniversityLincoln Connovation Limited AucklandNew Zealand Department of Conservation ChristchurchNew Zealand

The endemic fauna of New Zealand evolved in the absence of mammalian predators and their introduction has been responsible for many extinctions and *** species including possums(Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr),ship rats(Rattus rattus L.)and stoats(Mustela erminea L.)are targeted to protect native *** methodologies currently rely largely on labor-intensive trapping or the use of increasingly unpopular poisons,or poisons that are linked with low welfare ***,the development of safer humane predator toxins and delivery systems is highly ***-aminopropiophenone(PAPP)is being developed as a toxin for feral cats(Felis catus L.)and *** appear to be much more susceptible to PAPP than birds,so it potentially has high target specificity,at least in New *** trials with 20 feral cats and 15 stoats have been undertaken using meat baits containing a proprietary formulation of PAPP.A PAPP dose of 20-34 mg kg^(-1)was lethal for feral cats and 37-95 mg kg^(-1)was lethal for *** assessments suggest that PAPP,for the control of feral cats and stoats,is a humane and effective *** causes methaemoglobinaemia,resulting in central nervous system anoxia,lethargy and death.

关键词： cyanide feral cat(Felis catus) para-aminopropiophenone pest control stoat(Mustela erminea) welfare

National trends and outcomes of genetically inherited non-alcoholic chronic liver disease in the USA:estimates from the National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第1期9卷 38-48,I0002页

作者： Eric M.Sieloff Brian Rutledge Cuyler Huffman duncan Vos Thomas Melgar Department of Internal Medicine Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazooMIUSA Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA Department of Biostatistics Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazooMIUSA Department of Pediatrics Adolescent and Internal MedicineWestern Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of MedicineKalamazooMIUSA

Background:Medical literature on the prevalence of genetic liver disease is *** this study,we investigated the inhospital healthcare and economic burden from genetic causes of non-alcoholic chronic liver disease(NACLD)and nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis(NALC)in the ***:Data were abstracted from the National Inpatient Sample database between 2002 and 2014 using ICD9 codes for patients discharged with NACLD and NALC secondary to genetic diseases including alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(A1ATd),cystic fibrosis(CF),Wilson disease(WD),hereditary hemochromatosis(HHC),glycogen storage disease,and disorders of aromatic amino-acid metabolism(DAAAM).Results:Throughout the study period,there were 19,332 discharges for NACLD associated with the six genetic diseases including 14,368 for *** were$1.09 billion in hospital charges,790 in-hospital deaths,and 955 liver transplants ***,A1ATd was associated with 8,983(62.52%)hospitalizations for NALC followed by WD,CF,and *** highest in-hospital mortality was seen with *** greatest frequency of liver transplants was seen with ***:The number of hospitalizations for genetic liver diseases continues to *** increased funding and directed research efforts,we can aim to improvemedical treatments and the quality of life for patients at risk for liver deterioration.

关键词： liver cirrhosis inherited metabolic disease epidemiology

Direct ink writing of polycaprolactone/polyethylene oxide based 3D constructs

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2021年第2期31卷 180-191页

作者： Bin Zhang Se Hun Chung Susan Barker duncan Craig Roger J.Narayan Jie Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering University College London Medway School of Pharmacy Universities of Greenwich and Kent School of Pharmacy University College London Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University

There has been increasing interest over recent years in the application of three-dimensional(3 D) printing technologies in the biomedical field. One such method is Direct Ink Writing(DIW); this approach has the potential advantage of allowing room-temperature deposition of materials, presented as an ink, to build complex architectures. DIW offers the ability to process biomaterials containing temperature-sensitive components. Due to the fabrication principles of DIW, there are specific rheological requirements that the ink must exhibit for the 3 D construction. For this reason, hydrogel-based liquid feed stocks have been the focal point of ink development. As a consequence, studies based on inks comprising hydrophobic biomaterials, which are insoluble in water and hence unsuited to the hydrogel approach, have been *** this study, we investigate novel inks that utilize polycaprolactone(PCL), a hydrophobic polymer, as the primary constituent by dissolving the polymer in solvent systems based on dichloromethane(DCM) and acetone(ACE). Moreover, polyethylene oxide(PEO) was incorporated into the PCL systems in order to extend the range of hydrophilicity of the systems. The rheological properties of the inks were investigated as a function of polymer composition and solvent system. Woodpile constructs of PCL and PCL/PEO were fabricated using DIW method and were assessed by a series of material characterisation. The type of solvent system had a noticeable impact on the ink rheology, which ultimately affected the surface properties. The incorporation of PEO particularly enhanced the roughness and wettability of the constructs. Our results support the use of DIW as a new means to process hydrophobic polymers for biomedical applications.

关键词： Direct ink writing Polycaprolactone Polyethylene oxide Ink rheology Material characterisation 3D construct

C1q recognizes antigen-bound IgG in a curvature-dependent manner

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Nano Research 2020年第6期13卷 1651-1658页

作者： Christina M.Zeuthen Ali Shahrokhtash Karin Fromell Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl Hossein Mohammad-Beigi duncan S.Sutherland Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center Aarhus UniversityGustav Wieds vej 148000Aarhus CDenmark Department of Immunology Genetics and PathologyUppsala UniversityDag Hammarskjölds väg 2075185UppsalaSweden Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry Linnaeus University39182KalmarSweden Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Niels Jensens Vej 2Building 11908000Aarhus CDenmark The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns(CellPAT) Gustav Wieds vej 148000Aarhus CDenmark

Nano Research volume 13,pages1651–1658(2020)Cite this article 109 Accesses Metrics details Abstract C1q is an important recognition protein in the complement system,which is a major protein cascade in the innate immune *** recognition of a target by C1q,the target is marked for opsonization and destruction.C1q recognizes many pathogenic patterns directly,but an important target is the Fc domain of antibodies binding to their *** this paper,the curvature-dependence of the interaction between IgG and C1q is studied by surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal *** is organized in similar surface coverage densities on flat polystyrene surfaces and polystyrene nanoparticles of different sizes,and the amount of C1q binding to the IgG is *** in solution were found to aggregate upon incubation with IgG,and therefore a new technique utilizing nanoparticles binding to antifouling polymer brush functionalized surfaces was used to prepare surfaces with nanoparticles for measurements with surface plasmon *** antigen-bound IgG at the curved surface of nanoparticles showed 5.6 times lower binding of C1q compared to at matched flat *** was no significant difference between the binding at 100 and 200 nm polystyrene *** findings are important for designing drug delivery systems to evade the complement system.

关键词： C1q complement system antibodies curvature nanoparticles

Growing Operational Use of FY-3 Data in the ECMWF System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1285-1298页

作者： Niels BORMANN David duncan Stephen ENGLISH Sean HEALY Katrin LONITZ Keyi CHEN Heather LAWRENCE Qifeng LU European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts Reading RG29AXUnited Kingdom International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China National Satellite Meteorological Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 10081China

This paper reviews the data quality and impact of observations from the FY-3 satellite series used operationally in the ECMWF system. This includes data from the passive microwave radiometers MWHS-1, MWHS-2 and MWRI, as well as observations from the radio occultation receiver GNOS. Evaluations against background equivalents show that the quality of the observations is broadly comparable to that of similar instruments on other polar-orbiting satellites, even though biases for the passive microwave observations can be somewhat larger and more complex for some channels. An observing system experiment shows that the FY-3 instruments jointly contribute significantly to the forecast skill in the ECMWF system. Positive impact of up to 2% is seen for most variables out to the day-2 forecasts over hemispheric scales, with significant benefits for total column water vapor or for temperature and wind in the stratosphere out to day 4.

关键词： FY-3 satellite series assimilation forecast impact calibration/validation

Post-COVID recovery and renewal through whole-of-society resilience in cities

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2022年第3期3卷 222-228页

作者： Andrew G.McClelland Roisin Jordan Szymon Parzniewski duncan Shaw Nat O’Grady David Powell Alliance Manchester Business School University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Alliance Manchester Business School Humanitarian&Conflict Response InstituteUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Humanitarian&Conflict Response Institute University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK

This paper explores and extends understanding of the role and significance of whole-of-society resilience pro-grammes that support cities when dealing with complex crises,like the COVID-19 *** the complexity of whole-of-society resilience as different actors locally shape it,we ask the question:How can collab-oration between formal and informal resilience practices help to enhance resilience across the‘whole-of-society’?We answer this question by reviewing the importance of whole-of-society resilience and its complexity in a city’s governance of the COVID-19 *** argue that the necessity of renewing approaches to building lo-cal resilience capabilities across the whole-of-society requires synchronisation across and between formal and informal approaches-that is,“bottom-up”and governmental initiatives-to meet the diverse needs of ***,we detail two recent practice-orientated initiatives that have taken a renewal approach to building resilience through the involvement of whole-of-society in planning recovery from COVID-19 using in-ternational standard ISO/TS 22393;and a new initiative called the National Consortium for Societal Resilience[UK+].Finally,we signpost a set of critical questions for whole-of-society resilience practice.

关键词： Whole-of-society resilience Crisis Recovery Renewal Cities,COVID-19

Comparison of phase unwrapping algorithms for living cell's interference pattern

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2013年第4期22卷 530-535页

作者：王霞佟洁王萌 SCHMIDT Greg MOORE duncan T. MCGRATH James L. School of Optoelectronics Beijing Institute of Technology Institute of Optics University of Rochester Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester

A multiphase microscopic interference system is designed to measure the height of cell which is important to the research of collective cell migration in physiology and medicine. This sys- tem can quantitatively measure cell height across a living monolayer without knowing the refractive index of cells. For the interference pattern, because the phases are all wrapped between - π to π, it is necessary to get the real phase through phase unwrapping,a method to restore the wrapped phase data of the object by using numerical calculations. Three representative algorithms are selected to unwrap the interference pattern of ceils： branch-cut method, quality-guided method and network method. Although each of them can restore the phase, their performances are obviously different. We compare these methods and find that branch-cut method needs the smallest execution time and can obtain good unwrapped patterns when noises are not serious.

关键词： unwrapping algorithms interference pattern cell height branch-cut quality-guided