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Stable isotope analysis of diet confirms niche separation of two sympatric species of Namib Desert lizard

Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 60-75页

作者： Ian W.MURRAY Hilary M.LEASE Robyn S.HETEM duncan mitchell Andrea FULLER Stephan WOODBORNE Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Biology Department Whitman CollegeWalla WallaWashingtonUSA iThemba Laboratories GautengSouth Africa Stable Isotope Laboratory Mammal Research InstituteDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to study the trophic niche of two species of insectivorous lizards,the Husab sand lizard Pedioplanis husabensis and Bradfield’s Namib day gecko living sympatrically in the Namib *** measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in lizard blood tissues with different turnover times(whole blood,red blood cells and plasma)to investigate lizard diet in different *** also measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in available arthropod prey and plant tissues on the site,to identify the avenues of nutrient movement between lizards and their *** the use of stable isotope mixing models,we found that the two lizard species relied on a largely non-overlapping but seasonally variable array of arthropods:*** primarily fed on termites,beetles and wasps,while *** fed mainly on ants,wasps and *** originating from C3 plants were proportionally higher for *** than for *** during autumn and late autumn/early winter,although not *** to the few available data estimating the trophic transfer of nutrients in ectotherms in mixed C3 and C4/crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)plant landscapes,we found that our lizard species primarily acquired nutrients that originated from C4/CAM *** work adds an important dimension to the general lack of studies using stable isotope analyses to estimate lizard niche partitioning and resource use.

关键词： Namib Desert niche partitioning Pedioplanis Rhoptropus stable isotopes

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Body temperature,activity patterns and hunting in free-living cheetah:biologging reveals new insights

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 30-47页

作者： Robyn S.HETEM duncan mitchell Brenda A.DE WITT Linda G.FICK Shane K.MALONEY Leith C.R.MEYER and Andrea FULLER School of Animal Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the Witwatersrand Medical SchoolParktownJohannesburgSouth Africa School of Human Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia Department of Paraclinical Science Faculty of Veterinary ScienceUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa

As one of the few felids that is predominantly diurnal,cheetahs(Acinonyx jubatus)can be exposed to high heat loads in their natural *** is known about long-term patterns of body temperature and activity(including hunting)in cheetahs because long-term concurrent measurements of body temperature and activity have never been reported for cheetahs,or,indeed,for any free-living *** report here body temperature and locomo-tor activity measured with implanted data loggers over 7 months in 5 free-living cheetahs in *** tem-perature ranged from a maximum of 39°C in summer to−2°C in *** had higher(~0.4°C)max-imum 24-h body temperatures,later acrophase(~1 h),with larger fluctuations in the range of the 24-h body temperature rhythm(approximately 0.4°C)during a hot-dry period than during a cool-dry period,but main-tained homeothermy irrespective of the climatic *** ambient temperatures increased,the cheetahs shifted from a diurnal to a crepuscular activity pattern,with reduced activity between 900 and 1500 hours and increased nocturnal *** timing of hunts followed the general pattern of activity;the cheetahs hunted when they were on the *** hunted if an opportunity presented itself;on occasion they hunted in the midday heat or in total darkness(new moon).Biologging revealed insights into cheetah biology that are not ac-cessible by traditional observer-based techniques.

关键词： Acinonyx jubatus heat stress nocturnal intraguild predators moonlight

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Assessing adequacy of emergency provider documentation among interhospital transferred patients with acute aortic dissection

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第2期10卷 94-100页

作者： Mark Rose Carina Newton Benchaa Boualam Nancy Bogne Adam Ketchum Umang Shah Jordan mitchell Safura Tanveer Tucker Lurie Walesia Robinson Rebecca duncan Stephen Thom Quincy Khoi Tran Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine University of Maryland at College Park University of Maryland School of Medicine Program of Trauma The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center University of Maryland School of Medicine

BACKGROUND: Acute aortic dissection(AoD) is a hypertensive emergency often requiring the transfer of patients to higher care hospitals; thus, clinical care documentation and compliance with the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act(EMTALA) is crucial. The study assessed emergency providers(EP) documentation of clinical care and EMTALA compliance among interhospital transferred AoD ***: This retrospective study examined adult patients transferred directly from a referring emergency department(ED) to a quaternary academic center between January 1, 2011 and September 30, 2015. The primary outcome was the percentage of records with adequate documentation of clinical care(ADoCC). The secondary outcome was the percentage of records with adequate documentation of EMTALA compliance(ADoEMTALA). RESULTS: There were 563 electronically identified patients with 287 included in the final analysis. One hundred and five(36.6%) patients had ADoCC while 166(57.8%) patients had ADoEMTALA. Patients with inadequate documentation of EMTALA(IDoEMTALA) were associated with a higher likelihood of not meeting the American Heart Association(AHA) ED Departure SBP guideline(OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.03–3.2, P=0.04). Male gender, handwritten type of documentation, and transport by air were associated with an increased risk of inadequate documentation of clinical care(IDoCC), while receiving continuous infusion was associated with higher risk of ***: Documentation of clinical care and EMTALA compliance by Emergency Providers is poor. Inadequate EMTALA documentation was associated with a higher likelihood of patients not meeting the AHA ED Departure SBP guideline. Therefore, Emergency Providers should thoroughly document clinical care and EMTALA compliance among this critically ill group before transfer.

关键词： Acute aortic dissection EMTALA Interhospital transfer Documentation Compliance

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