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Photonics Research 2014年第1期2卷 15-23页

作者： drew DeJarnette Justin Norman D.Keith Roper Microelectronics and Photonics Graduate Program University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA

Fano resonances between plasmons and diffracted light offer tunable energies and locales,but attribution of Fano resonance features to geometry and physicochemistry of metal nanostructures and adjacent dielectrics has been confounded by complexity and computational *** work shows predictable modal shifts of Fano resonance in square lattices of plasmonic nanostructures can be attributed directly to changes in medium wavenumber,particle size,and lattice constant that alter plasmon polarizability and diffractive *** 45 to 80 nm radius particles,a window of lattice constants that support Fano resonances is identified in a range from 500 to 900 *** constants that support high intensity resonances are determined by individual particle polarizability and medium *** resonance wavelengths redshift from diffracted photon energies as local refractive index(RI)changes due to coupling with particle polarizability in the *** sensitivities for quadrupole,dipole,and Fano resonances are 150,348,and 541 nm,respectively,per RI *** resonance intensity may be enhanced more than tenfold by selecting nanoparticle sizes and lattice *** quantitative effects of such parametric changes are rapidly and intuitively distinguished using a semi-analytic approach,consisting of an exact expression for particle polarizability,a trigonometric description of diffraction,and a semianalytical coupled dipole approximation.

关键词： lattice particle wave

Growth at the microscale:long term thinning effects on patterns and timing of intra-annual stem increment in radiata pine

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 438-450页

作者： David M.drew Geoffrey M.Downes Department of Forest and Wood Science Stellenbosch UniversityPrivate Bag X1Matieland 7800South Africa Forest Quality Pty Ltd PO Box 293 HuonvilleTASAustralia.

Background: Stem radial growth in forests is not uniform. Rather, it is characterized by periods of relatively fast or slow growth, or sometimes no growth at all. These fluctuations are generally a function of varying environmental conditions(e.g. water availability) and, importantly, will also be associated with adjustments in proprties in the wood formed. Stand level conditions and forest management, particularly thinning and stand density will, thowever, also have a major influence on patterns of growth variation. We explore how different thinning histories and/or stand densities influence these dynamics of tree growth in the important commercial plantation species Pinus radiata D. ***: Daily stem size change was measured using electronic point dendrometers over two growing seasons on P. radiata trees at two sites, subjected to different thinning regimes. Timing, rates and periodicity of annual growth were calculated from these ***: Greater overall cross-sectional growth in thinned plots was driven mainly by two dynamics. First, the cessation of seasonal growth occurred at least 3 weeks later in the stands in which thinning had taken place. There was no difference between thinned/unthinned stands, however, in the timing of growth onset. Second, within the longer season, trees in thinned plots had more growth days(as much as 20% more) than unthinned plots. The rates of growth on days when growth occurred were not different, however. In this context, it is notable that in trees in the unthinned plots experiencing the most severe competition there were strong "pulses" of growth following drought-breaking rainfall events. Unthinned plots at high stand densities also maintained a smaller(but consistent) zone of dividing cells throughout the season than thinned ***: In Pinus radiata growing under conditions as in our study, conditions late in summer, particularly drought, have an important effect on the timing of cessation of growth. Earl

关键词： Monterey pine Dendrometer Intra-annual growth Drought Thinning

Antidepressant foods:An evidence-based nutrient profiling system for depression

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2018年第3期8卷 97-104页

作者： Laura R La Chance drew Ramsey Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons

AIM To investigate which foods are the most nutrient dense sources of nutrients demonstrated by the scientific literature to play a role in the prevention and promotion of recovery from depressive disorders. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to derive a list of Antidepressant Nutrients from the 34 nutrients known to be essential for humans using level of evidence criteria. Nutritional data was extracted for a subset of foods with a high content of at least 1 Antidepressant Nutrient using a USDA database. These foods were analyzed for Antidepressant Nutrient density resulting in an Antidepressant Food Score(AFS). Plant and animal foods were analyzed separately. RESULTS Twelve Antidepressant Nutrients relate to the prevention and treatment of depressive disorders: Folate, iron, longchain omega-3 fatty acids(EPA and DHA), magnesium, potassium, selenium, thiamine, vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and zinc. The highest scoring foods were bivalves such as oysters and mussels, various seafoods, and organ meats for animal foods. The highest scoring plant foods were leafy greens, lettuces, peppers, and cruciferous vegetables. CONCLUSION The AFS is based on a nutrient profiling system devised to identify foods with the highest nutrient density of nutrients with clinical evidence to support theirrole in depressive disorders. This list of foods and food categories with the highest density of the 12 Antidepressant Nutrients, the Antidepressant Foods, should be considered by researchers in the design of future intervention studies and clinicians as dietary options to support prevention and recovery from depression disorders.

关键词： Depressive disorder Mental disorders Diet Diet therapy Food

A multi-scale cholera model linking between-host and within-host dynamics

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第3期11卷 53-75页

作者： Chayu Yang drew Posny Feng Bao Jin Wang Department of Mathematics University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga TN 37403 USA NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA

We propose a multi-scale modeling framework to investigate the transmission dynamics of cholera. At the population level, we employ a SIR model for the between-host transmission of the disease. At the individual host level, we describe the evolution of the pathogen within the human body. The between-host and within-host dynamics are connected through an environmental equation that characterizes the growth of the pathogen and its interaction with the hosts outside the human body. We put a special emphasis on the within-host dynamics by making a distinction for each individual host. We conduct both mathematical analysis and numerical simulation for our model in order to explore various scenarios associated with cholera transmission and to better understand the complex, multi-scale disease dynamics.

关键词： Cholera equilibrium stability multi-scale modeling

Geologic field evidence for non-lithostatic overpressure recorded in the North American Cordillera hinterland,northeast Nevada

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 471-490页

作者： Andrew V.Zuza drew A.Levy Suzanne R.Mulligan Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology University of NevadaRenoNV 89557USA Department of Geoscience University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA

There is a long-standing discrepancy for numerous North American Cordillera metamorphic core complexes between geobarometric pressures recorded in the exhumed rocks and their apparent burial depths based on palinspastic reconstructions from geologic field *** particular,metamorphic core complexes in eastern Nevada are comprised of well-documented~12-15 km thick Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic stratigraphy of Laurentia’s western passive margin,which allows for critical characterization of field *** this contribution we focus on the Ruby Mountain-East Humboldt Range-Wood Hills-Pequop Mountains(REWP)metamorphic core complex of northeast Nevada to explore reported peak pressure estimates versus geologic field relationships that appear to prohibit deep *** high pressure estimates of 6-8 kbar(23-30 km depth,if lithostatic)from the lower section of the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic passive margin sequence require burial and or repetition of the passive margin sequence by 2-3×stratigraphic *** observations from the least migmatized and/or mylonitized parts of this complex,including field observations,a transect of peak-temperature(T_(p))estimates,and critical evaluation of proposed thickening/burial mechanisms cannot account for such deep *** Neoproterozoic-Cambrian(€)rocks part of a continuous stratigraphic section that transitions~8 km upsection to unmetamorphosed Permian strata that were not buried,we obtained new quartz-in-garnet barometry via Raman analysis that suggest pressures of~7 kbar(~26 km).A T_(p)traverse starting at the same basal€rocks reveals a smooth but hot geothermal gradient of≥40℃/km that is inconsistent with deep *** observation is clearly at odds with thermal gradients implied by high P-T estimates that are all≤25℃/*** similar discrepancies between pressure estimates and field observations have been discussed for the northern Snake Range metamorphic core complex,~200 km to the *** argue that

关键词： Non-lithostatic pressure Tectonic overpressure North American Cordillera Ruby Mountain-East Humboldt Range Peak temperature Geothermal gradient

Continuous wildfires threaten public and ecosystem health under climate change across continents

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第10期18卷 165-174页

作者： Guochao Chen Minghao Qiu Peng Wang Yuqiang Zhang drew Shindell Hongliang Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Doerr School of Sustainability and Center for Innovation in Global Health Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and Program in Public HealthStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY 11794USA Department of Atmospheric and Marine Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Nicholas School of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Institute of Eco-Chongming Shanghai 200062China

Wildfires burn approximately 3%-4% of the global land area annually,resulting in massive emissions of greenhouse gases and air *** the past two decades,there has been a declining trend in both global burned area and wildfire *** trend is largely attributed to a decrease in wildfire activity in Africa,which accounts for a substantial portion of the total burned area and ***,the northern high-latitude regions of Asia and North America have witnessed substantial interannual variability in wildfire activity,with several severe events occurring in recent *** plays a pivotal role in influencing wildfire activity and has led to more wildfires in high-latitude *** wildfires pose significant threats to climate,ecosystems,and human *** recent changes in wildfire patterns and their impacts,it is critical to understand the contributors of wildfires,focus on deteriorating high-latitude areas,and address health risks in poorly managed areas tomitigate wildfire effects.

关键词： Wildfire activity Wildfire emissions Climate change Airquality

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The distressed body

The distressed body

Progression of intervention-focused research for Gulf War illness

作者： Leder drew

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Military Medical Research 2020年第1期7卷 104-121页

作者： Jeremy E.Chester Mazhgan Rowneki William Van Doren drew A.Helmer War Related Illness and Injury Study Center Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System385 Tremont AvenueEast OrangeNJ 07018USA War Related Illness and Injury Study Center Veterans AffairsMedicalCenter50lrvingSt.WashingtonDCNW20422USA Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School185 South Orange AvenueNewarkNJ 07103USA

The Persian Gulf War of 1990 to 1991 involved the deployment of nearly 700,000 American troops to the Middle ***-related exposures to toxic substances such as pesticides,nerve agents,pyridostigmine bromide(PB),smoke from burning oil wells,and petrochemicals may have contributed to medical illness in as many as 250,000 of those American *** cluster of chronic symptoms,now referred to as Gulf War Illness(GWI),has been studied by many researchers over the past two *** over$500 million has been spent on GWI research,to date,no cures or condition-specific treatments have been discovered,and the exact pathophysiology remains *** the 2007 National Institute of Health(NIH)Roadmap for Medical Research model as a reference framework,we reviewed studies of interventions involving GWI patients to assess the progress of treatment-related GWI *** GWI clinical trial studies reviewed involved investigations of existing interventions that have shown efficacy in other diseases with analogous *** reviewing the published and ongoing registered clinical trials for cognitivebehavioral therapy,exercise therapy,acupuncture,coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),mifepristone,and carnosine in GWI patients,we identified only four treatments(cognitive-behavioral therapy,exercise therapy,CoQ10,and mifepristone)that have progressed beyond a phase II *** conclude that progress in the scientific study of therapies for GWI has not followed the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research *** of a standard case definition,prioritized GWI research funding for the characterization of the pathophysiology of the condition,and rapid replication and adaptation of early phase,single site clinical trials could substantially advance research progress and treatment discovery for this condition.

关键词： Gulf War illness Chronic multisymptom illness Gulf War veterans Gulf War syndrome Persian Gulf War Cognitive-behavioral therapy Exercise therapy Acupuncture Coenzyme Q10 Mifepristone Carnosine Mindfulness-based stress reduction

Design and Theoretical Study of Nickel Catalysts for Syndiotactic Polyolefins

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2003年第5期21卷 481-484页

作者：刘颖刘跃 drew G.B.Michaelb 刘佳雯 Department of Chemistry Harbin Normal University Harbin Heilongjiang 150080 China Department of Chemistry Reading University Whiteknights Reading RG6 6AD U.K.

A nickel catalyst was modeled with ligand L^2, [NH = CH-CH = CH-O]^-, whichshould have potential use as a syndiotactic polyolefin catalyst, and the reaction mechanim wasstudied by theoretical calculations using the density functional method at the B3LYP/LANL2MB *** mechanism involves the formation of the intermediate [NiL^2Me]^+, in which the metal occupies aT-shaped geometry. This intermediate has two possible structures with the methyl group trans eitherto the oxygen or to the nitrogen atom of L^2. The results show that both structures can lead to thedesired product via similar reaction paths, A and B. Thus, the polymerization could be considered astaking place either with the alkyl group occupying the position trans to the Ni-O or trans to theNi-N bond in the catalyst. The polymerization process thus favors the catalysis of syndiotacticpolyolefins. The syndiotactic synthesis effects could also be enhanced by variations in the ligandsubstituents. From energy considerations, we can conclude that it is more favorable for the methylgroup to occupy the trans-O position to form a complex than to occupy the trans-N position. Frombond length considerations, it is also more favoured for ethene to occupy the trans-O position thanto occupy the trans-N position.

关键词： nickel catalyst density functional method polyolefin mechanism

Life cycle assessment of low impact development technologies combined with conventional centralized water systems for the City of Atlanta, Georgia

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第6期10卷 3-15页

作者： Hyunju Jeong Osvaldo A. Broesicke Bob drew Duo Li John C. Crittenden Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD 57701 USA Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 828 West Peachtree Street Suite 320 Atlanta GA 30332-0595 USA ECOVIE Rainwater Collection Systems 4287 Club Drive N.E. Atlanta GA 30319 USA Crittenden and Associates C-305 Building E Wangjing High-tech Park LizezhongEr Road Chaoyang District Beijing 100102 China

Low-impact development （LID） technologies, such as bioretention areas, rooftop rainwater harvesting, a_nd xeris_caping can co_ntrol stormwater runoff, supply non-potable water, and landscape open *** study examines a hybrid system （HS） that combines LID technologies with a centralized water system to lessen the burden on a conventional system （CS）. CS is defined as the stormwater collection and water supply infrastructure, and the conventional landscaping choices in the City of Atlanta. The study scope is limited to five single-family residential zones （SFZs）, classified R-1 through R-5, and four multi-family residential zones （MFZs）, classified RG-2 through RG-5. Population density increases from 0.4 （R-1） to 62.2 （RG-5） persons per 1,000 m2. We performed a life cycle assessment （LCA） comparison of CS and HS using TRACI 2.1 to simulate impacts on the ecosystem, human health, and natural resources. We quantified the impact of freshwater consumption using the freshwater ecosystem impact （FEI） indicator. Test results indicate that HS has a higher LCA single score than CS in zones with a low population density; however, the difference becomes negligible as population density increases. Incorporating LID in SFZs and MFZs can reduce potable water use by an average of 50%. and 25%,respectively.; however, water savings are negligible in zones with high population density （i.e., RG-5） due to the diminished surface area per capitaavailable for LID technoogies. The results demonstrate that LID technologies effectively reduce outdoor water demand and therefore would be a good choice to decrease the water consumption impact in the City of Atlanta.

关键词： Life cycle assessment (LCA) Low impact development (LID) Bioretention area Rainwater harvesting Xeriscaping