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Back to the dr.wing board:Overview of the next generation of combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2024年第25期30卷 3182-3184页

作者： jeffrey A Lowell Michael j.Farber Keith Sultan Department of Medicine Zucker School of Medicine at HofstraNorth Shore University Hospital-Long Island Jewish Medical CenterManhassetNY 11030United States Preclinical Studies New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic MedicineGlen HeadNY 11545United States Division of Gastroenterology Northwell HealthNorth Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical CenterGreat NeckNY 10021United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is entering a potentially new era of combined *** et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy,with a focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator,as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy(DBT).While current evidence for DBT is limited,encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this *** importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment *** prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Biologics Immunomodulators Dual-therapy Combination therapy

Nano-enhanced solid-state hydr.gen storage:Balancing discovery and pragmatism for future energy solutions

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8729-8753页

作者： Chaochao Dun Xinyi Wang Linfeng Chen Sichi Li Hanna M.Breunig jeffrey j.Urban The Molecular Foundr. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA

Nanomaterials have revolutionized the battery industry by enhancing energy storage capacities and charging speeds,and their application in hydr.gen(H_(2))storage likewise holds strong potential,though with distinct challenges and mechanisms.H_(2) is a crucial future zero-carbon energy vector given its high gravimetric energy density,which far exceeds that of liquid ***,its low volumetric energy density in gaseous form currently requires storage under high pressure or at low *** review critically examines the current and prospective landscapes of solid-state H_(2) storage technologies,with a focus on pragmatic integration of advanced materials such as metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),magnesium-based hybrids,and novel sorbents into future energy *** materials,enhanced by nanotechnology,could significantly improve the efficiency and capacity of H_(2) storage systems by optimizing H_(2) adsorption at the nanoscale and improving the kinetics of H_(2) uptake and *** discuss various H_(2) storage mechanisms—physisorption,chemisorption,and the Kubas interaction—analyzing their impact on the energy efficiency and scalability of storage *** review also addr.sses the potential of“smart MOFs”,single-atom catalyst-doped metal hydr.des,MXenes and entropy-dr.ven alloys to enhance the performance and broaden the application range of H_(2) storage systems,stressing the need for innovative materials and system integration to satisfy future energy ***-throughput screening,combined with machine learning algorithms,is noted as a promising approach to identify patterns and predict the behavior of novel materials under various conditions,significantly reducing the time and cost associated with experimental *** closing,we discuss the increasing involvement of various companies in solid-state H_(2) storage,particularly in prototype vehicles,from a techno-economic *** forward-looking perspective underscores t

关键词： nanomaterials nanotechnology solid-state H_(2)storage techno-economic analysis model-dr.ven material development processes

In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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j.urnal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： Kathryn M.Priest j.cob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton L.Gattis jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy j.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VML)inj.ries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the inj.red and uninj.red TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninj.red muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** inj.red muscle,this ratio was higher than uninj.red muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to inj.ry,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

Association of initial assessment variables and mortality in severe pediatric traumatic brain inj.ry

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World j.urnal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： Katherine C Bergus Kelli N patterson Lindsey Asti j.sh Bricker Tariku j.Beyene Lauren N Schulz Dana M Schwartz Raj.n K Thakkar Eric A Sribnick Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA CenterforSurgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background Predictive scales have been used to prognosticate long-term outcomes of traumatic brain inj.ry(TBI),but gaps remain in predicting mortality using initial trauma resuscitation *** sought to evaluate the association of clinical variables collected during the initial resuscitation of intubated pediatric severe patients with TBI with in-hospital *** Intubated pediatric trauma patientsj.nuary 2011 to December 2020 were *** between initial trauma resuscitation variables(temperature,pulse,mean arterial blood pressure,GCS score,hemoglobin,international normalized ratio(INR),platelet count,oxygen saturation,end tidal carbon dioxide,blood glucose and pupillary response)and mortality were evaluated with multivariable logistic *** Among 314 patients,median age was 5.5 years(interquartile range(IQR):2.2-12.8),GCS score was 3(IQR:3-6),Head Abbreviated Inj.ry Score(hAIS)was 4(IQR:3-5),and most had a severe(25-49)Inj.ry Severity Score(ISS)(48.7%,153/314).Overall mortality was 26.8%.GCS score,hAIS,ISS,INR,platelet count,and blood glucose were associated with in-hospital mortality(all p<0.05).As age and GCS score increased,the odds of mortality *** 1-point increase in GCS score was associated with a 35%decrease in odds of *** hAIS,INR,and blood glucose increased,the odds of mortality *** each 1.0 unit increase in INR,the odds of mortality increased by 1427%.Conclusions Pediatric patients with severe TBI are at substantial risk for in-hospital *** are needed to examine whether earlier interventions targeting specific parameters of INR and blood glucose impact mortality.

关键词： mortality pediatric traumatic

New insights on the high-corrosion resistance of UHP Mg-Ge alloys tested in a simulated physiological environment

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j.urnal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1026-1044页

作者： Ting Liu Xingrui Chen jeffrey Venezuela Yuan Wang Zhiming Shi Wenyi Chen Matthew Dargusch Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing(AMPAM) School of Mechanical and Mining Engineeringthe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia CSIRO Mineral Resources 1 Technology CourtPullenvaleQLD 4069Australia

UHP Mg-Ge alloys was recently found to provide excellent corrosion *** paper provides new insights on the mechanism of improved corrosion resistance of UHP Mg-Ge alloys in Hanks’*** studied UHP Mg-0.5Ge and UHP Mg-1Ge alloys showed superior corrosion resistance compared to UHP Mg and WE43,with the Mg-1Ge exhibiting the best corrosion *** exceptional corrosion resistance of the UHP alloy is attributed to(i)Mg_(2)Ge’s ability to suppress cathodic kinetics,(ii)Ge’s capability to accelerate the formation of a highly passive layer,and the(iii)low amounts of corrosion-accelerating impurities.

关键词： UHP Mg-Ge alloy Cathodic kinetics suppression Biodegradable metals In vitro corrosion Magnesium corrosion.

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Estradiol increases cortical and trabecular bone accrual and bone strength in an adolescent male-to-female mouse model of gender-affirming hormone therapy

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 95-106页

作者： Tian Nie Varun S.Venkatesh Suzanne Golub Kathryn S.Stok Haniyeh Hemmatian Reena Desai David j.Handelsman jeffrey D.Zaj.c Mathis Grossmann Rachel A.Davey Department of Medicine Austin HealthUniversity of MelbourneHeidelbergVIC 3084Australia Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia ANZAC Research Institute University of Sydney and AndrologyConcord Repatriation General HospitalConcordNSW 2137Australia

The effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy on the skeletal integrity and fracture risk in transitioning adolescent trans girls are *** addr.ss this knowledge gap,we developed a mouse model to simulate male-to-female transition in human adolescents in whom puberty is first arrested by using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogs with subsequent estradiol *** was suppressed by orchidectomy in male mice at 5 weeks of *** 3 weeks post-surgery,male-to-female mice were treated with a high dose of estradiol(~0.85 mg)by intraperitoneal silastic implantation for 12 *** included intact and orchidectomized males at 3 weeks post-surgery,vehicle-treated intact males,intact females and orchidectomized males at 12 weeks *** to male controls,orchidectomized males exhibited decreased peak bone mass accrual and a decreased maximal force the bone could withstand prior to *** treatment in orchidectomized male-to-female mice compared to mice in all control groups was associated with an increased cortical thickness in the mid-diaphysis,while the periosteal circumference increased to a level that was intermediate between intact male and female controls,resulting in increased maximal force and *** trabecular bone,estradiol treatment increased newly formed trabeculae arising from the growth plate as well as mineralizing surface/bone surface and bone formation rate,consistent with the anabolic action of estradiol on osteoblast *** data support the concept that skeletal integrity can be preserved and that long-term fractures may be prevented in trans girls treated with GnRHa and a sufficiently high dose of *** study is needed to identify an optimal dose of estradiol that protects the bone without adverse side effects.

关键词： treatment treatment strength

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Storylines of family medicine Ⅺ:professional identity formation—nurturing one’s own story

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S3期12卷 99-108页

作者： William B Ventres Leslie A Stone Hamish j.Wilson Sumi M Sexton David j.Doukas j.ssica P Cerdena David M Kelley Michael D Fetters jeffrey j.Haney j.hn j.Frey III Family and Preventive Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of MedicineLittle RockArkansasUSA General Practice and Rural Health University of Otago Dunedin School of MedicineDunedinNew Zealand Family Medicine Georgetown University School of MedicineWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA Family and Community Medicine Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA Family Medicine Residency Program Middlesex HealthMiddletownConnecticutUSA Family Medicine University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA Medical Education and Clinical Sciences Washington State UniversitySpokaneWashingtonUSA Family Medicine and Community Health University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA

Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine,as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the ***‘Ⅺ:professional identity formation—nurturing one’s own story’,authors addr.ss the following themes:‘The social construction of professional identity’,‘On becoming a family physician’,‘What’s on the test?—professionalism for family physicians’,‘The ugly doc-ling’,‘Teachers—the essence of who we are’,‘Family medicine research—it starts in the clinic’,‘Socially accountability in medical education’,‘Personal philosophy and how to find it’and‘Teaching and learning with Storylines of Family Medicine’.May these essays encourage readers to find their own creative spark in medicine.

关键词： own becoming professional

Photoionisation detection of a single Er3+ ion with sub-100-ns time resolution

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 38-45页

作者： Yangbo Zhang Wenda Fan j.liang Yang Hao Guan Qi Zhang Xi Qin Changkui Duan Gabriele G.de Boo Brett C.j.hnson jeffrey C.Mc Callum Matthew j.Sellars Sven Rogge Chunming Yin j.angfeng Du CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of New South Wales Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Engineering RMIT University Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology School of Physics University of Melbourne Centre of Excellence for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology Research School of Physics and Engineering Australian National University

Efficient detection of single optical centres in solids is essential for quantum information processing, sensing and single-photon generation *** this work,we use radio-frequency（RF） reflectometry to electrically detect the photoionisation induced by a single Er3+ion in *** high bandwidth and sensitivity of the RF reflectometry provide sub-100-ns time resolution for the photoionisation *** this technique,the optically excited state lifetime of a single Er3+ion in a Si nano-transistor is measured for the first time to be 0.49±0.04μ*** results demonstrate an efficient approach for detecting a charge state change induced by Er excitation and *** approach could be used for fast readout of other single optical centres in solids and is attractive for large-scale integrated optical quantum systems thanks to the multi-channel RF reflectometry demonstrated with frequency multiplexing techniques.

关键词： single optical centres erbium ions RF reflectometry photoionisation detection

The proximity between hydr.xyl and single atom determines the catalytic reactivity of Rh1/CeO_(2) single-atom catalysts

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 397-406页

作者： Danfeng Wu Shuyun Zhou Congcong Du j.an Li j.anyu Huang Hong-xia Shen Abhaya K.Datye Shan j.ang jeffrey T.Miller Sen Lin Haifeng Xiong State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of ChemistryFuzhou UniversityFuzhou 350002China Clean Nano Energy Center State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China College of Biology and Chemical Engineering Jiaxing UniversityJiaxing 314000China Department of Chemical&Biological Engineering University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 8731-0001USA Davidson School of Chemical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907-2100USA Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fuj.an Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361102China Fuj.an Key Laboratory of Rare-earth Functional Materials Fujian Shanhai Collaborative Innovation Center of Rare-earth Functional MaterialsLongyan 366300China

The local structure of the metal single-atom site is closely related to the catalytic activity of metal single-atom catalysts(SACs).However,constructing SACs with homogeneous metal active sites is a challenge due to the surface heterogeneity of the conventional ***,we prepared two Rh1/CeO_(2)SACs(0.5Rh1/r-CeO_(2)and 0.5Rh1/c-CeO_(2),respectively)using two shaped CeO_(2)(rod and cube)exposing different facets,i.e.,CeO_(2)(111)and CeO_(2)(100).In CO oxidation reaction,the T100 of 0.5Rh1/r-CeO_(2)SACs is 120°C,while the T100 of 0.5Rh1/c-CeO_(2)SACs is as high as 200°*** in-situ CO diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(CO-dr.FTS),we found that the proximity between OH group and Rh single atom on the plane surface plays an important role in the catalytic activity of Rh1/CeO_(2)SAC system in CO *** Rh single atom trapped at the CeO_(2)(111)crystal surface forms the Rh1(OH)adj.cent species,which is not found on the CeO_(2)(100)crystal surface at room ***,during CO oxidation,the OH group far from Rh single atom on the 0.5Rh1/c-CeO_(2)disappears and forms Rh1(OH)adj.cent species when the temperature is above 150°*** formation of Rh1(OH)adj.centCO intermediate in the reaction is pivotal for the excellent catalytic activity,which explains the difference in the catalytic activity of Rh single atoms on two different CeO_(2)*** formed Rh1(OH)adj.cent-O-Ce structure exhibits good stability in the reducing atmosphere,maintaining the Rh atomic dispersion after CO oxidation even when pre-reduced at high temperature of 500°*** functional theory(DFT)calculations validate the unique activity and reaction path of the intermediate Rh1(OH)adj.centCO species *** work demonstrates that the proximity between metal single atom and hydr.xyl can determine the formation of active intermediates to affect the catalytic performances in catalysis.

关键词： crystal plane Rh1/CeO_(2)single-atom catalyst proximity of Rh and hydr.xyl coordination structure CO oxidation