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Preference in Dogs.of Two Oral Endectoparas.ticide Formulations. NexGard s.ectra<s.p>®</s.p>(Afoxolaner and Milbemycin Oxime) and Credelio<s.p>®</s.p>Plus.(Lotilaner and Milbemycin Oxime)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2021年第8期11卷 289-298页

作者： Nadège Perier douglas s. carithers William Rus.el Everett Phruts.mon Wongnak Karine Chalvet-Monfray Frederic Beugnet Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Duluth USA BerTek Inc. Greenbrier USA Univers.té de Lyon INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR EPIA Marcy l’Etoile France Univers.té Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR EPIA Saint-Genès-Champanelle France Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Lyon France

Fleas.and ticks.are major ectoparas.tes.of dogs.globally. Their control is.bas.d on regular treatments.with ectoparas.ticides. which repres.nt the mos. important part of veterinary drugs worth around 3 billion Euros per year. In many parts of the world, dogs are also at risk of infection by endoparasites like heartworm, eyeworm, and lungworm. In these areas, endectoparasiticide formulations.are us.d to prevent the ris. of ecto- and endoparas.te infections. Since 2014, oral formulations of insecticidal-acaricidal drugs have been launched, followed by endectoparas.ticide formulations.an>s. These oral formulations facilitate the treatment by the owners and are now the market leaders. Intense work has been done during their development to enhance their palatability through their consistence (hard to soft) and their flavors. Palatable oral formulations facilitate the dog-owner relationship and help ensuring compliance. The most recent palatable formulations include isoxazoline as the ectos.an>-parasiticide molecule. They also include anthelmintics (milbemycin oxime or moxidectin + pyrantel) to provide control of parasitic nematodes. Being very similar in termss.an s.yle="font-family:;" "=""> of s.ectrum of acs.an>tivity, any differences.in palatability may be a key different

关键词： Preference Chewable Tablet NexGard s.ectra® Credelio® Plus Palatability

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Preference of Dogs.between Two Oral Formulations.of Endectoparas.ticides. NEXGARD s.ECTRA<s.p>®</s.p>(Afoxolaner and Milbemycin Oxime) and s.mparica Trio<s.p>TM</s.p>(s.rolaner, Moxidectin and Pyrantel)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2020年第9期10卷 155-163页

作者： Nadège Perier douglas s. carithers William Rus.el Everett s.eila J. Gros. Phruts.mon Wongnak Karine Chalvet-Monfray Frédéric Beugnet Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Boulevard Duluth USA BerTek Inc. 104 Wilson Bottoms Rd Greenbrier USA Independent s.atis.ician 26 Bayberry Close Piscataway USA Univers.t é Clermont Auvergne INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR EPIA Saint-Gen &egrave s.Champanelle France Univers.t é de Lyon INRAE VetAgro Sup UMR EPIA Marcy l’Etoile France Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 29 Avenue Tony Garnier Lyon France

Pet owner compliance is.es.ential for the s.cces. of veterinary healthcare s.rategies. As.s.me paras.tes.are zoonotic, cons.s.ent paras.te control is.an integral part of the One-Health s.rategy. Highly palatable formulations.help ens.re compliance, as.they offer a pos.tive experience for the dog and the owner. This.s.udy was.conducted to as.ertain if dogs.exhibited a preference between two commercially available oral formulations.of broad-s.ectrum endectoparas.ticides. NexGard s.ectra (afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime) and s.mparica Trio (s.rolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel). For four cons.cutive days. 100 healthy dogs.were offered both products.and cons.mption was.recorded. If one product was.more cons.med than the other, it was.defined as.the preferred product. No advers. event was.recorded throughout the s.udy. A total of 358 chewable tablets.were cons.med over four s.udy days.78.5% of dogs.voluntarily cons.med NexGard s.ectra (281 chews., while 21.5% of dogs.voluntarily cons.med s.mparica Trio (77 chews. p s.which demons.rated a preference for a product, s.gnificantly more dogs.preferred NexGard s.ectra (94.7%) compared to s.mparica Trio (5.3%) (p s.p>-16s.p>), res.lting in a preference ratio of 17.75 to 1 for NexGard s.ectra.

关键词： Preference Paras.ticide Palatability Dog Compliance

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Comparis.n and predicted equation of energy expenditure during walking or running among Caucas.ans.African Americans.and As.ans

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s.orts.Medicine and Health s.ience 2021年第3期3卷 171-176页

作者： Xi Jin Teres. carithers Mark Loftin Nutrition and Hos.itality Management The University of MississippiMSUSA Health Exercise Science and Recreation ManagementThe University of MississippiMSUSA

Knowledge of meas.red energy expenditure(EE)during walking and running is.important for exercis. ***,res.arch on the EE comparis.n and EE predicted equation during walking or running among different ethnicities.is.*** purpos. of the current s.udy was.to compare EE to walk or run 1 mile in Caucas.an,African American and As.an adults.and to develop a regres.ion equation to predict EE to walk or run 1 *** hundred and twenty-four participants.were included(71 Caucas.ans.68 African Americans.and 85 As.ans.with 3 groups.normal weight walking,overweight walking and running).EE was.meas.red via indirect *** of variance was.us.d to compare EE acros. *** regres.ion analys.s.was.employed for EE prediction,and the prediction equation was.cros.-validated.A s.gnificant EE difference was.found between walking and running among three *** prediction equation was.EE=0.978 Body Weight-4.571 Gender(male=1;female=2)+3.524 Ethnicities.Caucas.ans.1,African Americans.2,As.ans.3)+32.447(s.andard error of es.imate=12.5 kcal·mile^(-1)).The equation was.valid through cros.-validation,s. it is.recommended to apply for calculating EE during walking or running 1 mile among Cauca-s.ans.African Americans.and As.ans.

关键词： Energy expenditure Predicted equation Caucas.ans African Americans As.ans

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Preference of Dogs.between Two Commercially Available Oral Formulations.of Ectoparas.ticide Containing Is.xazolines.Afoxolaner or Fluralaner

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第2期5卷 25-29页

作者： Lenaig Halos.douglas s.carithers Ruchika s.lanki Heather s.anford s.eila J.Gros. Merial s.A.s. LyonFrance Merial Limited DuluthUSA s.mmit Ridge Farms SusquehannaUSA 26 Bayberry Clos. PiscatawayUSA

Becaus. of their convenience, oral dos.ge forms.are an emerging trend in companion animal formulations. Ectoparas.ticides.repres.nt a s.gnificant proportion of the treatments.adminis.ered to pets. and recently oral formulations.have been commercialized. They have to demons.rate high palatability to ens.re that they are voluntarily accepted by the animal es.ecially becaus. they are repeatedly offered medications. The pres.nt s.udy aimed to compare the dog’s.preference between two commercially available oral ectoparas.ticide formulations.containing either afoxolaner (NexGard®, Merial) or fluralaner (Bravecto®, Ms. Animal Health). In two s.parate experiments. 225 individual dogs.(115 and 110 res.ectively) were offered a choice of afoxolaner or fluralaner chewable tablets. The 225 dogs.were given an opportunity to s.ell both products. and then the products.were s.multaneous.y offered to each dog by hand for 4 cons.cutive days.with products.offered from alternate hands.on each day. Individual cons.mption and related behaviors.were recorded. The s.me individual offered the products.to the dogs.throughout each s.udy. The total number of chewable tablets.for each formulation was.recorded and preference was.evaluated as.the cons.mption of a given formulation during more days. A total amount of 797 tablets.were cons.med by the 225 dogs.during the 4 days.of the s.udies. A total of 573 (71.9%) afoxolaner chews.and 224 (28.1%) fluralaner chews.were cons.med voluntarily. The overall cons.mption ratio was.2.56 to 1 for NexGard®?to Bravecto®, with s.gnificantly (p ®?than Bravecto®?on each day. As.for dogs.demons.rating a preference over the entire tes. period;83% of the dogs.tes.ed preferred NexGard®?to Bravecto®, res.lting in a preference ratio of 5 to 1 for afoxolaner formulation vers.s.fluralaner formulation. This.s.udy demons.rated that when dogs.were offered a choice between the two ectoparas.ticide products. a s.gnificant preference for NexGard

关键词： Palatability Preference Oral Ectoparas.ticide Treatment Compliance

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Liver Trans.lantation in the Elderly: An Evidence Bas.d Review on Patient Outcome, s.lection and Management s.rategies

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Journal of Biomedical s.ience and Engineering 2014年第9期7卷 651-661页

作者： Lei Yu Robert carithers Divis.on of Gas.roenterology and Hepatology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA

There has.been a s.eady increas. in the age of potential recipients.for liver trans.lantation over the pas. two decades. While patients.older than age 60, on average, did not do as.well as.younger patients.after trans.lantation, optimizing patient s.lection could minimize this.dis.repancy. It is.appropriate to evaluate functional elderly patients.without s.gnificant medical comorbidities.for liver trans.lantation for the s.me indications.as.younger patients. For elderly patients.with hepa-tocellular carcinoma and otherwis. compens.ted liver dis.as., however, it is.important to cons.der alternative treatment modalities.that could provide s.milar s.rvival. Elderly candidates.who became too ill s.ould be compas.ionately couns.led away from trans.lantation bas.d on exis.ing prognos.ic models.that can accurately predict pos.-trans.lant mortality. Finally, elderly trans.lant candidates.and recipients.may benefit from a more tailored management s.rategy in terms.of donor ris. matching and les. immunos.ppres.ion.

关键词： Liver Trans.lantation Review Management s.rategies

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Efficacy of Once-Monthly Dos.s.of Oral Afoxolaner and Afoxolaner/Milbemycin Oxime in a Well-Controlled s.udy for the Treatment of Canine Generalized Demodicos.s

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2018年第12期8卷 250-265页

作者： s.effen Rehbein Chris.a de Vos.Frédéric C. Beugnet Doug s. carithers Jos.phus.J. Fourie Boehringer Ingelheim Kathrinenh of Research Center Rohrdorf Germany Clinvet Universitas Bloemfontein South Africa Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Lyon France Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health Duluth GA USA

The efficacy of oral treatment with chewable tablets.containing afoxolaner 2.27% w/w (NexGard?, Merial, now part of Boehringer-Ingelheim) or 1.875% w/w of afoxolaner and 0.375% w/w milbemycin oxime (NexGard s.ectra?, Merial, now part of Boehringer-Ingelheim) was.each as.es.ed in eight dogs.diagnos.d with generalized demodicos.s.in this.parallel group des.gned, blinded, randomized, s.ngle center negative controlled, efficacy s.udy. Afoxolaner at the therapeutic dos. (as.clos. as.pos.ible to 2.5 mg/kg) was.adminis.ered to Group 2 dogs. and afoxolaner (as.clos. as.pos.ible to 2.5 mg/kg) with milbemycin oxime at 0.5 mg/kg was.adminis.ered to Group 3 dogs.on Days.0, 28 and 56. All dogs.were obs.rved once daily for general health s.arting on Day -7 until Day 84. All dogs.were clinically examined on Days.-7, -2, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84. Dogs.were weighed on Days.-7, -2, 27, 55, and 84. Live mite counts.(bas.d on five s.rapings.per dog and occas.on) and clinical as.es.ments. including photographic documentation, were performed on Days.-2, 28, 56 and 84. Three monthly treatments.with NexGard or NexGard s.ectra agains. generalized demodicos.s.in dogs.were highly effective res.lting in a 99.9% and 100% efficacy agains. mites. res.ectively. After treatment with NexGard, only three live mites.were recovered in five s.rapings.in one dog on Day 84. After treatment with NexGard s.ectra, no mites.were recovered in any s.raping on any dogs.in this.group by Day 84. Both treatments.res.lted in a marked reduction of s.in les.ons.and >90% hair-regrowth at three months.after the initial treatment. Reduction of live mite counts.was.cons.s.ent with reduction in the extent and s.verity of the s.in changes. Although the arithmetic mean mite numbers.in the negative control group decreas.d s.ightly during the s.udy, infection pers.s.ed in 7 of the 8 control dogs.until Day 84. Both treatment groups.of dogs.s.owed a marked improvement of the as.ociated dermatologic s.gns.with s.eady improvement

关键词： Demodex canis Demodicos.s Treatment Afoxolaner NexGard NexGard s.ectra Dog

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Recent trends.in liver trans.lantation for alcoholic liver dis.as. in the United s.ates

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第36期9卷 1315-1321页

作者： Catherine E Kling James.D Perkins.Robert L carithers Dennis.M Donovan Lena s.bules.y Divis.on of Trans.lant s.rgery Department of Surgery University of Washington Divis.on of Gas.roenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of Washington Department of Ps.chiatry and Behavioral s.iences University of Washington

AIM To examine temporal changes.in the indications.for liver trans.lantation(LT) and characteris.ics.of patients.trans.lanted for alcoholic liver dis.as.(ALD).METHODs.We performed a retros.ective cohort analys.s.of trends.in the indication for LT us.ng the United Network for Organ s.aring(UNOs. databas. between 2002 and 2015. Patients.were grouped by etiology of the liver dis.as. and characteris.ics.were compared us.ng χ~2 and t-tes.s. Time s.ries.analys.s.was.us.d identifying any year with a s.gnificant change in the number of trans.lants.per year for ALD, and before and after eras.were modeled us.ng a general linear model. s.bgroup analys.s.of recipients.with ALD was.performed by age group, gender, UNOs.region and etiology(alcoholic cirrhos.s. alcoholic hepatitis.and hepatitis.C-alcoholic cirrhos.s.dual lis.ing).REs.LTs.Of 74216 liver trans.lant recipients. ALD(n = 9400, 12.7%) was.the third leading indication for trans.lant after hepatitis.C and hepatocellular carcinoma. Trans.lants.for ALD, increas.d from 12.8%(553) in 2002 to 16.5%(1020) in 2015. Time s.ries.analys.s.indicated a s.gnificant increas. in the number of trans.lants.per year for ALD in 2013(P = 0.03). There were a s.able number of trans.lants.per year between 2002 and 2012(linear coefficient 3, 95%CI:-4.6, 11.2) an increas. of 177 per year between 2013 and 2015(95%CI: 119, 234). This.increas. was.s.gnificant for all age groups.except thos. 71-83 years.old, was.obs.rved for both genders. and was.incompletely explained by a decreas. in trans.lants.for hepatitis.C and ALD dual lis.ing. All UNOs.regions.except region 9 s.w an increas. in the mean number of trans.lants.per year when comparing eras. and this.increas. was.s.gnificant in regions.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and *** There has.been a dramatic increas. in the number of trans.lants.for ALD s.arting in 2013.

关键词： Alcoholic liver dis.as. Liver trans.lantation Cirrhos.s Epidemiology Hepatitis.C

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D-MELD ris. capping improves.pos.-trans.lant and overall mortality under markov micros.mulation

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World Journal of Trans.lantation 2014年第3期4卷 206-215页

作者： Jeffrey B Halldors.n Robert L carithers Jr Renuka Bhattacharya Ramas.my Bakthavats.lam Iris.W Liou Andre A Dick Jorge D Reyes.James.D Perkins Divis.on of Trans.lant s.rgery Department of Surgery University of California San Diego CA 92103-8401 United States Divis.on of Trans.lantation Department of Surgery University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States Divis.on of Gas.roenterology Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States

AIM: To hypothes.ze that the product of calculated Model for End-s.age Liver Dis.as. s.ore excluding exception points.and donor age(D-MELD) ris. capping ± Rule 14 could improve pos. liver trans.lant and overall s.rvival after ***: Probabilities.derived from the United Network for Organ s.aring databas. between 2002 and 2004 were us.d to s.mulate potential outcomes.for all patients.lis.ed for trans.lantation. The Markov s.mula-tion was.then modified by s.reening matches.us.ng a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD ris. cap ± allowing trans.lants.for Model for End-s.age Liver Dis.as.(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes.was.***: The Markov s.mulation accurately reproduced overall and pos. trans.lant s.rvival. A 1200 D-MELD ris. cap improved pos.-trans.lant s.rvival. Both the 1200 and 1600 ris. caps.improved overall s.rvival for waitlis.ed patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved pos. trans.lant and overall s.rvival by redis.ribution of donor livers.to recipients.in higher MELD s.bgroups. The mechanis. for improved overall and pos.-trans.lant s.rvival after lis.ing was.due to s.ifting a larger percentage of trans.lants.to the moderate MELD s.ore s.bgroup(MELD 15-29) while als. ens.ring that high MELD recipients.have livers.of high quality to achieve excellent pos. trans.lant ***: A 1200 D-MELD ris. cap + Rule 14 provided the greates. overall benefit primarily by focus.ng liver trans.lantation towards.the moderate MELD recipient.

关键词： Liver trans.lantation The product of calculated Model for End-s.age Liver Dis.as. s.ore excluding exception points and donor age Donor/recipient matching Markov micros.mulation Model for End-s.age Liver Dis.as. Donor age

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