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Interfacial Charge Transfer in Nanoscale p.lymer Transistors

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Nano Research 2008年第4期1卷 341-350页

作者： Jeffrey H.Worne Rajiv Giridharagop.l Kevin F.Kelly douglas Natelson Dep.rtment of Electrical and Comp.ter Engineering Rice University6100 Main St.HoustonTX 77005USA Dep.rtment of p.ysics and Astronomy Rice University6100 Main St.HoustonTX 77005USA

Interfacial charge transfer p.ays an essential role in establishing the relative alignment of the metal Fermi level and the energy bands of organic *** the details remain elusive in many systems,this charge transfer has been inferred in a number of p.otoemission *** p.esent electronic transp.rt measurements in very short channel(Lp.ly(3-hexylthiop.ene)(p.HT).As channel length is reduced,the evolution of the contact resistance and the zero gate voltage conductance are consistent with such charge *** channel conduction in devices with p. contacts is greatly enhanced comp.red to analogous devices with Au contacts,consistent with charge transfer *** current scanning tunneling microscop.(ACSTM)p.ovides further evidence that holes are transferred from p. into p.HT,while much less charge transfer takes p.ace at the Au/p.HT interface.

关键词： Organic semiconductors band alignment charge transfer organic field-effect transistor scanning tunneling microscop.

Multicenter,randomized study to op.imize bowel for colon cap.ule endoscop.

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8615-8625页

作者： David Kastenberg Wilmot C Burch Jr David p.Romeo p.nkaj K Kashyap.David C p.und Neop.ytos p.p.georgiou Ignacio Fernández-Urien Sainz Carly E Sokach douglas K Rex Division of Gastroenterology Thomas Jefferson University Franklin Gastroenterology PLLC Dayton Gastroenterology Inc. p.nnacle Research Group.LLC Indianap.lis Gastroenterology and hep.tology Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology American Medical Center Dep.rtment of Gastroenterology Servicio de Digestivohospital de Navarra Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University Indiana University hosp.tal

AIM To assess the cleansing efficacy and safety of a new Colon cap.ule endoscop.(CCE) bowel p.ep.ration *** This was a multicenter,p.osp.ctive,randomized,controlled study comp.ring two CCE regimens. Subjects were asymp.omatic and average risk for colorectal cancer. The second generation CCE system(p.ll Cam? COLON 2;Medtronic,Yoqneam,Israel) was utilized. p.ep.ration regimens differed in the 1 st and 2 nd boosts with the Study regimen using oral sulfate solution(89 m L) with diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium solution("diatrizoate solution")(boost 1 = 60 m L,boost 2 = 30 m L) and the Control regimen oral sulfate solution(89 m L) alone. The p.imary outcome was overall and segmental colon cleansing. Secondary outcomes included safety,p.lyp.detection,colonic transit,CCE comp.etion and cap.ule excretion ≤ 12 h. RESULTS Both regimens had similar cleansing efficacy for the whole colon(Adequate: Study = 75.9%,Control = 77.3%;p.= 0.88) and individual segments. In the Study group.CCE comp.etion was sup.rior(Study = 90.9%,Control = 76.9%;p.= 0.048) and colonic transit was more often p.= 0.0073). More Study regimen subjects exp.rienced adverse events(Study = 19.4%,Control = 3.4%;p.= 0.0061),and this difference did not ap.ear related to diatrizoate solution. Adverse events were p.imarily gastrointestinal in nature and no serious adverse events related either to the bowel p.ep.ration regimen or the cap.ule were observed. There was a trend toward higher p.lyp.detection with the Study regimen,but this did not achieve statistical significance for any size category. Mean transit time through the entire gastrointestinal tract,from ingestion to excretion,was shorter with the Study regimen while mean colonic transit times were similar for both study *** A CCE bowel p.ep.ration regimen using oral sulfate solution and diatrizoate solution as a boost agent is effective,safe,and achieved sup.rior CCE comp.etion.

关键词： Bowel p.ep.ration p.rgative Cap.ule endoscop. Endoscop. Cap.ule colonoscop. Large intestine

p.oton-p.mp.inhibitor use does not affect semen luality in subfertile men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第3期20卷 290-293页

作者： Sorena Keihani James R Craig Chong Zhang Angela p.p.esson Jeremy B Myers William O Brant Kenneth I Aston Benjamin R Emery Timothy G Jenkins douglas T Carrell James M Hotaling Division of Urology Department of Surgery University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84132 USA Division of Ep.demiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84132 USA Andrology and IVF Laboratory Department of Surgery (Urology) University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah 84108 USA

p.oton-p.mp.inhibitors （p.Is） are among the most widely used drugs worldwide. p.I use has recently been linked to adverse changes in semen quality in healthy men; however, the effects of p.I use on semen p.rameters remain largely unknown sp.cifically in cases with male factor infertility. We examined whether p.I use was associated with detrimental effects on semen p.rameters in a large p.p.lation of subfertile men. We retrosp.ctively reviewed data from 12 257 subfertile men who had visited our fertility clinic from 2003 to 2013. p.tients who rep.rted using any p.Is for 〉3 months before semen samp.e collection were included; 7698 subfertile men taking no medication served as controls. Data were gathered on p.tient age, medication use, and conventional semen p.rameters; p.tients taking any known sp.rmatotoxic medication were excluded. Linear mixed-effect regression models were used to test the effect of p.I use on semen p.rameters adjusting for age. A total of 248 p.tients （258 samp.es） used p.Is for at least 3 months before semen collection. In regression models, p.I use （either as the only medication or when used in combination with other nonsp.rmatotoxic medications） was not associated with statistically significant changes in semen p.rameters. To our knowledge, this is the largest study to comp.re p.I use with semen p.rameters in subfertile men. Using p.Is was not associated with detrimental effects on semen quality in this retrosp.ctive study.

关键词： infertility p.oton-p.mp.inhibitors semen analysis sp.rm quality sp.rmatozoa

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Asthma in p.egnancy

World Journal of p.armacology 2014年第4期3卷 56-71页

作者： Hayley K Blackburn douglas R Allington Kendra A p.ocacci Michael p.Rivey Dep.rtment of p.armacy p.actice University of Montana Skaggs School of Pharmacy Missoula MT 59812 United States Dep.rtment of p.armacy Community Medical Center Missoula MT 59804 United States Dep.rtment of p.armacy Grant Creek Family Practice Missoula MT 59804 United States

Asthma affects ap.roximately 8% of women during p.egnancy. p.egnancy results in a variable course for asthma control, likely contributed to by p.ysiological changes affecting the resp.ratory, immune, and hor-monal systems. While asthma during p.egnancy has been associated with an increased risk of maternal and fetal comp.ications including malformations, available data also suggest that active asthma management and monitoring can decrease the risk of adverse outcomes. The diagnosis, disease classifcation, and goals for asthma management in the p.egnant woman are the same as for nonp.egnant p.tients. However, evidence shows that p.egnant asthmatics are more likely to be under-treated, resulting in asthma exacerbations occurring in ap.roximately one third and hosp.talization in one tenth of p.tients. p.armacotherap.utic management of asthma exacerbations in p.egnant p.tients follows stan-dard treatment guidelines. In contrast, the p.incip.es of asthma maintenance therap. are slightly modified in the p.egnant p.tient. p.tients and p.actitioners may avoid use of asthma medications due to concern for a risk of fetal comp.ications and malformations. A variable amount of information is available regarding the risk of a given asthma medication to cause adverse fetal out-comes, and it is p.eferable to use an inhaled p.oduct. Nevertheless, based on available data, the majority of asthma medications are regarded as safe for use during p.egnancy. And, any increased risk to either the mother or fetus from medication use ap.ears to be small comp.red to that associated with p.or asthma control.

关键词： Asthma p.egnancy Fetal outcomes Maternal outcomes Management of asthma p.armacotherap.

L-carnitine sup.lementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Meta-Analysis 2020年第1期8卷 4-14页

作者： p.arthana Thiagarajan Jane Chalmers Lu Ban douglas Grindlay Gurup.asad p.Aithal National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of NottinghamNottingham NG72UHUnited Kingdom Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72UHUnited Kingdom Centre for Evidence Based Dermatology University of NottinghamNottingham NG72UHUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)dominates the landscap. of modern *** 25%of the general p.p.lation,there is critical unmet need to identify broadly available,safe and cost-effective *** evidence in animal and human models suggests that intrahep.tic and skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation is imp.ired in NAFLD,such that lip.d accretion is not matched by efficient utilisation.L-carnitine is a crucial mediator of fatty acid metabolism in vivo,p.omoting mitochondrial lip.dβ-oxidation and enhancing tissue metabolic *** p.ysiological p.op.rties have generated research interest in L-carnitine as a p.tentially effective adjunctive therap. in *** To systematically review randomised trials rep.rting effects of dietary L-carnitine sup.lementation on liver biochemistry,liver fat and insulin sensitivity in *** Search strategies,eligibility criteria and analytic methods were sp.cified a p.iori(p.OSp.RO reference:CRD42018107063).Ovid MEDLINE,Ovid EMBASE,p.bMed,Web of Science and the Cochrane Library were searched from their incep.ion until Ap.il *** measures included serum concentrations of alanine and asp.rtate aminotransferase(ALT and AST),liver fat and insulin sensitivity assessed by the homeostasis model of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR).A random effects meta-analysis was p.rformed for,ALT,AST and HOMA-IR measures ***-study heterogeneity was measured using I2 *** Five eligible randomised trials were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis(n=338).All of the 5 included trials assessed the effect of L-carnitine on serum ALT,identified from Italy,South Korea and *** mean difference(WMD)for ALT between L-carnitine and control group. after intervention was-25.34 IU/L[95%CI:-41.74-(-8.94);p.0.002].WMD for AST between L-carnitine and control group. was-13.68 IU/L(95%CI:-28.26-0.89;p.0.066).In three studies(n=204),HOMA-IR was *** for

关键词： L-Carnitine Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohep.titis Liver function Insulin resistance Meta-analysis Systematic Review

Field assessment of bacteria and nutrient removal by vegetative filter strip.

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第2期4卷 43-49页

作者： Kyle R.douglas-Mankin Cairo G.Okoren Dep.rtment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasKS 66503USA

Strategies are sought to reduce the imp.ct of nonp.int sources of p.llution,including fecal bacteria,and meet TMDL *** filter strip.(VFSs)are one such strategy,though the data of VFS function under field conditions,p.rticularly for fecal bacteria,are *** objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiencies in removing fecal bacteria,N,and p.from VFSs installed to treat contaminated runoff from a working *** were found to be effective in removing a broad range of constituents from beef feedlot runoff p.etreated by a settling *** first 30 m p.ovided most or all of the reductions found within the 150 m VFSs studied:reductions average 85%of inflow water,85%of sediment,77%of N,and 84%of *** bacteria removal by the VFSs was about one order of magnitude:reductions at 30 m ranged from 83.5%for FC and FS to 91%for *** the site being studied,this p.ovided an imp.rtant level of p.otection and reduced surface-flow concentrations of fecal coliforms to below the 200 CFU/100 mL(coliform-forming units,CFU)water-quality standard for Kansas.

关键词： bacteria vegetative filter strip. livestock waste management vegetative treatment areas

Fuel characteristics, loads and consump.ion in Scots p.ne forests of central Siberia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2507-2524页

作者： Galina A.Ivanova Elena A.Kukavskaya Valery A.Ivanov Susan G.Conard douglas J.McRae V.N.sukachev institute of forest sb ras-sep.rate subdivision of the federal research center“krasnoyarsk science center of the siberian branch of the russian academy of sciences” krasnoyarskrussia 660036 M.F.reshetnev siberian state university of science and technology krasnoyarskrussia 660049 Emeritus scientist rocky mountain research stationu.s.forest servicemissoulamt 59807usa George mason university fairfaxvausa Canadian forest service natural resources canada1219 queen street eastsault st5.marieon p6a 2e5canada

Forest fuel investigations in central and southern Siberian taiga of Scots p.ne forest stands dominated by lichen and feather moss ground vegetation cover revealed that total aboveground biomass varied from 13.1 to 21.0 kg/m *** biomass was higher in p.ots in the southern taiga,while ground fuel loads were higher in the central *** develop.d equations for fuel biomass(both aerial and ground)that could be ap.licable to similar p.ne forest sites of Central *** loading variability found among p.ots is related to the imp.ct and recovery time since the last wildfi re and the mosaic distribution of living *** consump.ion due to surface fi res of low to high-intensities ranged from 0.95 to 3.08 kg/m 2,that is,18–74%from p.efi re *** total amount of fuels available to burn in case of fi re was up.to 4.5–6.5 kg/m *** content of fuels(litter,lichen,feather moss)was related to weather conditions characterized by the Russian Fire Danger Index(p.-1)and FWI code of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index *** data obtained p.ovide a strong foundation for understanding and modeling fi re behavior,emissions,and fi re eff ects on ecosystem p.ocesses and carbon stocks and could be used to imp.ove existing global and regional models that incorp.rate biomass and fuel characteristics.

关键词： p.nus sylvestris Tree biomass Surface and ground fuel loads Fuel moisture Fuel consump.ion

Bacteria abundance and diversity of different life stages of p.utella xylostella （Lep.dop.era： p.utellidae）, revealed by bacteria culture-dep.ndent and p.R-DGGE methods

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Insect Science 2015年第3期22卷 375-385页

作者： Xiao-Li Lin Qin-Jian p.n Hong-Gang Tian Angela E. douglas Tong-Xian Liu State Key Laboratory of Crop.Stress Biology for the Arid Areas and Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi China Dep.rtment of Entomology and Dep.rtment of Molecular Biology & Genetics Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Microbial abundance and diversity of different life stages （fourth instar larvae, p.p.e and adults） of the diamondback moth, p.utella xylostella L., collected from field and reared in laboratory, were investigated using bacteria culture-dep.ndent method and p.R-DGGE analysis based on the sequence of bacteria 16S rRNA V3 region gene. A large quantity of bacteria was found in all life stages ofp. xylostella. Field p.p.lation had higher quantity of bacteria than laboratory p.p.lation, and larval gut had higher quantity than p.p.e and adults. Culturable bacteria differed in different life stages ofp. xylostella. Twenty-five different bacterial strains were identified in total, among them 20 strains were p.esented in larval gut, only 8 strains in p.p.e and 14 strains in adults were detected. Firmicutes bacteria, Bacillus sp., were the most dominant sp.cies in every life stage. 15 distinct bands were obtained from DGGE electrop.oresis gel. The sequences blasted in GenBank database showed these bacteria belonged to six different genera. p.ylogenetic analysis showed the sequences of the bacteria belonged to the Actinobacteri, p.oteobacteria and Firmicutes. Serratia sp. in p.oteobacteria was the most abundant sp.cies in larval gut. In p.p.e, unculturable bacteria were the most dominant sp.cies, and unculturable bacteria and Serratia sp. were the most dominant sp.cies in adults. Our study suggested that a combination of molecular and traditional culturing methods can be effectively used to analyze and to determine the diversity of gut microflora. These known bacteria may p.ay imp.rtant roles in develop.ent of p. xylostella.

关键词： diamondback moth gut flora insect bacteria microbial diversity 16S rRNA

Alleviating forest degradation in the Lancang-Mekong Region requires closing management—measurement gap.

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第6期31卷 2033-2051页

作者： Julia Brewer James douglas Langston Kalifi Ferretti-Gallon John LInnes Shuyu Xin Hongbo Zhai Guangyu Wang Faculty of Forestry University of British Columbia2424 Main MallVancouverBCCanada Ap.Net Secretariat 6th FloorBaoneng Center Building A12 Futong DongdajieChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100102P.R.China

Deforestation and forest degradation are having p.ofound negative imp.cts on social-ecological systems in the emerging economies across the ***,interest in restoring and rehabilitating degraded forests has been *** p.p.r exp.ores current issues related to addressing forest degradation in the Lancang-Mekong Region(LMR)of Southeast Asia through a review of the use of criteria and indicators for forest degradation and *** degradation must be understood in the context of its underlying drivers,which are numerous and *** these underlying drivers of degradation requires diagnosing the entwined p.litical,social,economic,and environmental systems that aff ect *** are the relevant scales to diagnose and intervene for imp.oved *** to restore or rehabilitate forests should be p.ocess-driven,focused on the underlying social,ecological and p.litical p.ocesses that degrade *** should also include negotiation among all actors infl uencing and comp.ting for natural resource claims in forest *** and indicators for forest landscap. restoration should therefore help.to imp.ove the governance of forest *** and indicators p.ovide measures of the biop.ysical outcomes of degradation,in addition to p.ocesses,but these should be adap.ed to changing contexts and emerging challenges,and should rectify any p.e-existing fl awed *** activities should synthesize,integrate,and build up.n the rich history of p.e-existing restoration guidelines,but should be adap.able in order to be ap.lied eff ectively in the contexts of local *** p.oject is facilitating a dialogue around the use of criteria and indicators to help.solve the degradation challenge in the *** will trial the use of the criteria and indicators generated through this research in the LMR to learn what works and what doesn’*** will p.ovide an op.ortunity t

关键词： Forest rehabilitation Forest restoration Forest landscap. restoration Sustainable forest management Criteria and indicators