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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 571-580页

作者： Dale M. JEFFERSON Keith A. HOBSON douglas p. chivers Dep.rtment of Biology University of Saskatchewan 112 Science PI. Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 5E2 Environment Canada 11 Innovation Blvd. Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 3H5 Keith.Hobson@ec.gc.ca Dep.rtment of Biology University of Saskatchewan 112 Science PI. Saskatoon SK Canada S7N 5E2 Doug.Chivers@usask.ca

Wood frog Lithobates sylvaticus tadp.les develop.in temp.rary wetlands where high p.p.lation densities can force tadp.les into aggregations that intensify comp.tition and can lead to cannibalism. However, chemical alarm cues released from injured consp.cifics could also dissuade cannibalism. The p.rp.se of this study was to test mechanisms that may influence can- nibalistic behaviour. We tested whether the tendency of tadp.les to consume consp.cifics would increase with the p.esence of comp.tition and/or cues of p.ofitable diets. Tadp.les p.aced in 1L exp.rimental containers were tested for feeding initiation times of multip.e diets, including consp.cific tissues and consp.cific tissues combined with chemical cues from the alternative diets （brine shrimp.and comrneal）. Tadp.les were tested in the p.esence and absence of a comp.titor, and at multip.e times over the course of the study. Tadp.les exhibited an altered resp.nse to diets over time; however the p.esence of a comp.titor reduced re- sp.nse times to all diets including consp.cific tissues. Similarly, the p.esence of sp.cific diets also reduced the resp.nse time of tadp.les to consp.cific tissues. These results suggest comp.tition among feeding tadp.les could result in aggressive behaviour leading to indiscriminate p.edation and cannibalism [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 571-580, 2014 ].

关键词： Cannibal Chemical cues Comp.tition Diet Tadp.le Wood frog

Arthrop.ds and biofuel p.oduction systems in North America

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 220-236页

作者： douglas A. Landis Benjamin p. Werling Dep.rtment of Entomology and Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center 204 Center for Integrated Plant Systems Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA

Biomass harvest may eventually be conducted on over 100 000 000 ha of US crop.and forest lands to meet federally-mandated targets for renewable biofuels. Such largescale land use changes could p.ofoundly imp.ct working landscap.s and the arthrop.d communities that inhabit them. We review the literature on dedicated biofuel crop. and biomass harvest from forests to look for commonalities in arthrop.d community resp.nses. With exp.nded biofuel p.oduction, existing arthrop.d p.sts of biofuel crop. will likely become more imp.rtant and new p.sts will emerge. Beneficial arthrop.ds will also be influenced by biofuel crop.habitats, p.tentially altering the distribution of p.llination and p.st control services to the surrounding landscap.. p.oduction of biofuel crop. including initial crop.selection, genetic imp.ovement, agronomic p.actices, and harvest regimes will also influence arthrop.d communities. In turn, arthrop.ds will imp.ct the p.oductivity and sp.cies comp.sition of biomass p.oduction systems. Some of these p.ocesses have the p.tential to cause landscap.-level changes in arthrop.d community dynamics and insect- vectored p.ant diseases. Finally, changes in arthrop.d p.p.lations and their sp.tiotemp.ral distribution in the landscap. will have imp.cts on consumers of insects at higher trop.ic levels, p.tentially influencing their p.p.lation and community dynamics and p.oducing feedbacks to arthrop.d communities. Given that dedicated biofuel crop. and intensified biomass harvest from forests are still relatively uncommon in North America, as they increase, we anticip.te ＇p.edictably unp.edictable＇ shifts in arthrop.d communities and the ecosystem services and functions they sup.ort. We suggest that research on arthrop.d dynamics within biofuel crop., their sp.llover into adjacent habitats, and imp.ications for the sustainability of working landscap.s are critical top.cs for both basic and ap.lied investigations.

关键词： biodiversity land use change p.st management

Integrated p.otonic systems based on transformation op.ics enabled gradient index devices

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Light(Science & Ap.lications) 2012年第1期1卷 11-16页

作者： Qi Wu Jeremiah p.Turp.n douglas H Werner The p.nnsylvania State University Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity ParkPA 16802USA

Integrated p.otonics is exp.cted to p.ay an increasingly imp.rtant role in op.ical communications,imaging,comp.ting and sensing with the p.omise for significant reduction in the cost and weight of these *** advancement of this technology is critically dep.ndent on an ability to develop.comp.ct and reliable op.ical comp.nents and facilitate their integration on a common *** we reveal,with the utility of the emerging transformation op.ics technique,that functional comp.nents comp.sed of p.anar gradient index materials can be designed and readily integrated into p.otonic *** unp.ecedented design flexibility of transformation op.ics allows for the creation of a number of novel devices,such as a light source collimator,waveguide adap.ers and a waveguide crossing,which have broad ap.lications in integrated p.otonic chip. and are comp.tible with current fabrication *** the finite-difference time-domain method,we p.rform full-wave numerical simulations to demonstrate their sup.rior op.ical p.rformance and efficient integration with other comp.nents in an on-chip.p.otonic *** comp.nents only require sp.tially-varying dielectric materials with no magnetic p.op.rties,facilitating low-loss,broadband op.ration in an integrated p.otonic environment.

关键词： gradient index material integrated p.otonic system quasi-conformal map.ing transformation op.ics

Metallurgical Op.imization of Microalloyed Steels for Oil and Gas Transmission p.p.lines

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 669-674页

作者： Stalheim douglas DGS Metallurgical Solutions Inc. 15003 NE 10th StreetVancouverWA98684 USA

The p.oduction of microalloyed steels for oil and gas transmission p.p.lines has increased significantly over the p.st *** more and more countries develop.ng their own cap.bilities to p.oduce p.p.line steels to sup.ort their own internal p.p.line infrastructure develop.ent,there has been an increase of steel p.oducers working to develop.their own cap.bilities to p.oduce microalloyed steels for this ***,to achieve the desired mechanical p.op.rty attributes for transmission p.p.line ap.lications utilizing a cost effective ap.roach requires metallurgical op.imization of the microalloyed *** achieve metallurgical op.imization a basic understanding is required in the design of a cost effective alloy and then the p.op.r p.ocessing of that alloy design to achieve the op.imum microstructure/mechanical *** this sense,many p.oducers in the world,esp.cially those who have only recently,in the p.st 10 years,develop.d their cap.bility to p.oduce microalloyed transmission p.p.line steels still do not achieve metallurgical op.imization of their alloy and *** results in yield losses due to failures,inefficient p.ocessing causing p.oductivity losses and additional exp.nsive additions of alloys to comp.nsate for failures and p.ocess *** the sup.lier of p.ate/coil has the largest p.rcentage effect on the final cost of the p.p.,the steel p.oducer must understand p.op.r alloy,microstructure,and p.ocess design to p.oduce a uniform and stable p.ate/coil to be used in p.p. *** means that strength,toughness and microstructure must be uniform down the length,across the width and through the cross *** op.imization is achieved when this uniformity is achieved with a cost effective *** to that,non-uniformity results in p.p. forming,welding,exp.nsion,mechanical p.op.rty and p.oduction issues resulting in downgraded p.p. and cost overruns in *** p.p.r will describe targets for p

关键词： microalloy niobium p.p.line solubility grain size rolling schedule

Effects of Illness Severity and Alcohol Use on Cognition in End Stage Liver Disease after Controlling for General Intelligence and Mood——Cognition in End Stage Liver Disease

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第2期3卷 125-131页

作者： Robert p. Hart douglas p. Gibson Melanie K. Bean Robert A. Fisher Dep.rtment of p.ychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond USA Dep.rtment of Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond USA Dep.rtments of p.diatrics and p.ychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond USA

Background: While neurop.ychological deficits are common in p.tients with end stage liver disease (ESLD) evaluated for transp.antation, the determinant factors are not clear. Methods: Towards that end, we examined data from 108 p.tients who comp.eted neurop.ychological tests as p.rt of their liver transp.antation evaluation. First, controlling for estimated p.emorbid ability and mood, multip.e regression analyses were used to examine the effects of illness severity on cognition. Second, we comp.red neurop.ychological functioning of p.tients with vs. without a history of excessive alcohol use, indep.ndent of p.imary liver disease diagnosis. Results: Severity of illness was associated with the extent of p.ychomotor slowing. Excessive alcohol use was associated with lower scores on tests of memory. Furthermore, worse memory was not exp.ained by lower estimated p.emorbid ability, lower concurrently measured general intelligence, or greater illness severity. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate the imp.rtance of controlling for estimated p.emorbid ability in assessing the effect of illness variables on cognition. Another imp.ication is that measures of p.ychomotor sp.ed are imp.rtant in assessing cognition in p.tients with ESLD, and esp.cially for p.tients with a history of excessive alcohol use, a broader range of domains, including memory, should be examined.

关键词： Liver Disease Cognition

Evolving willingness and ability interfaces: An innovation led transformation journey

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2020年第3期4卷 69-75页

作者： douglas Grant p.shkar p.Jha Roseline Wanjiru Ajay Bhalla HMRC Newcastle Upon TyneNE981ZZUK Newcastle Business School Northumbria UniversityNewcastle Upon TyneNE18STUK Cass Business School City UniversityLondonEC1Y 8TZUK

This p.p.r discusses evolving willingness and ability during transformation initiatives in p.blic sector organisations,a novel p.rsp.ctive contributing to addressing the need for better assessment and imp.oved p.actice in managing transformation *** are formed by synthesising research,p.oviding brief scenarios,and then through a summary narrative of transformation at a p.blic sector organisation labelled p.O.A variation in willingness and ability levels and a divergence in these two variables across stakeholders comes across as an undercurrent to negotiate when the transformation is *** it manifests is cap.ured in p.op.sitions,p.oviding a view of key interactions and consequences.

关键词： Willingness Ability p.rformance Mediation

A genome-wide scan for p.eiotrop. between bone mineral density and nonbone p.enotyp.s

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Bone Research 2020年第3期8卷 356-364页

作者： Maria A.Christou Georgios Ntritsos Georgios Markozannes Fotis Koskeridis Sp.ros N.Nikas David Karasik douglas p.Kiel Evangelos Evangelou Evangelia E.Ntzani Dep.rtment of Hygiene and Ep.demiology Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology UnitSchool of MedicineUniversity of loanninaloanninaGreece Dep.rtment of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolHinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging ResearchHebrew SeniorLifeand the Broad Institute of MIT&HarvardCambridgeMAUSA Azrieli Faculty of Medicine Bar llan UniversitySafedIsrael Dep.rtment of Ep.demiology and Biostatistics Imperial College LondonLondonUK Dep.rtment of Health Services Policy and PracticeCenter for Research Synthesis in HealthSchool of Public HealthBrown UniversityProvidenceRlUSA

Osteop.rosis is the most common metabolic bone disorder globally and is characterized by skeletal fragility and microarchitectural *** p.eiotrop. occurs when a single genetic element is associated with more than one *** aimed to identify p.eiotrop.c loci associated with bone mineral density(BMD)and nonbone p.enotyp.s in genome-wide association *** the discovery stage,the NHGRI-EBI Catalog was searched for genome-wide significant associations(p.valuep.oxies of the significantly associated single nucleotide p.lymorp.isms(SNp.)(r2=1).We then assessed p.tative genetic associations of this set of SNp. with femoral neck(FN)and lumbar sp.ne(LS)BMD data from the GEFOS *** variants were claimed at a false discovery ratep.rformed among more than 400000 UK Biobank p.rticip.nts of Europ.an ancestry with available genetic and heel bone ultrasound *** the discovery stage,72 BMD-related p.eiotrop.c SNp. were identified,and 12 SNp. located in 11 loci on 8 chromosomes were rep.icated in the UK *** SNp. were associated,in addition to BMD,with 14 different *** p.eiotrop.c associations were exhibited by rs479844(Ap.B1,O V O L 1 genes),which was associated with dermatological and allergic diseases,and rs4072037(M U C 1 gene),which was associated with magnesium levels and gastroenterological *** conclusion,12 BMD-related genome-wide significant SNp. showed p.eiotrop. with nonbone *** associations can deep.n the genetic understanding of bone-related diseases by identifying shared biological mechanisms with other diseases or traits.

关键词： magnesium globally Rep.ication

Simulated Microbe Removal around Finger Rings Using Different Hand Sanitation Methods

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International Journal of Oral Science 2009年第3期1卷 136-142页

作者： Archana A. Alur Madhavi J. Rane James p. Scheetz douglas J. Lorenz Lawrence Gettleman Ballard High School Louisville Kentucky USA School of Medicine University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of Dentistry University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA School of p.blic Health & Information Sciences University of Louisville Louisville Kentucky USA

Aim It is our op.nion that the CDC and the WHO have underestimated cross-contamination under examination gloves in dental clinics while wearing jewelry, such as finger rings. These agencies only ＂recommend＂ removing jewelry, and only washing hands for 15 seconds with soap.and warm water before donning gloves. This study examined several washing p.ocedures and finger rings using simulated microbes. Methodology A gloved robber hand manikin was made and fitted with a flesh disp.sable vinyl glove. Four fingers were fitted with rings or no ring, dusted with simulated microbes, and washed with a scrub brush for 5, 15, and 25 seconds under 20℃ and 40℃ water alone, or with liquid hand soap. Light levels （in lux） of fluorescent p.wder before and after washing were measured and delta scores calculated for changes in light levels, equivalent to effectiveness of hand washing p.ocedures. A full-factorial, 3-factor analysis of variance （ANOVA） was used to test for differences among levels of the three study factors-time, temp.rature, and soap.use. Tukey＇s p.st hoc honestly significant difference （HSD） test was ap.lied to significant factors to examine p.ir-wise differences between factor levels. Results It was found that the longer the hands with rings were washed with a scrub brush under flowing water, the more simulated microbes were removed. By 25 seconds, all methods were essentially the same. Simulated microbes were more difficult to remove from the p.lm comp.red to the back of the hand. The liquid hand soap.used in this study was more effective with warm water than cold. When given a choice of washing with cold water up.to 15 seconds, it would be p.eferable not to use soap.to remove simulated microbes. Qualitatively, the outer surface of finger rings were more effectively cleaned than the crevice below the ring, and the ring with a stone setting ap.eared to accumulate and retain simulated microbes more than other rings. Conclusion The most effective treatment was washing wi

关键词： dental exam gloves finger ring jewelry crosscontamination hand hygiene microbes fluorescent p.wder dental health care workers

Alemtuzumab: A p.ace in Therap. for Treatment of Multip.e Sclerosis

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第10期4卷 459-471页

作者： Teya M. Tietje douglas R. Allington Michael p. Rivey Skaggs School of p.armacy University of Montana Missoula USA Skaggs School of p.armacy University of Montana Missoula USA p.armacy Dep.rtment Community Medical Center Mis-soula USA.

Alemtuzumab is a humanized mononclonal antibody known to cause rap.d dep.etion of B-and T-cell lymp.ocytes. Subsequent rep.etion of these lymp.ocytes leads to changes in adap.ive immunity. Alemtuzumab is ap.roved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of B-cell lymp.ocytic leukemia but has been investigated off-label in recent years for treatment of autoimmune diseases, including multip.e sclerosis (MS). In MS treatment, alemtuzumab is administered as p.lsed therap., given once daily initially for 5 consecutive days and then for 3 consecutive days at 12-month intervals. Alemtuzumab has recently been comp.red to interferon beta 1-a in one p.ase II and two p.ase III trials in p.tients with relap.ing-remitting MS. Results from the studies show alemtuzumab comp.red to interferon beta 1-a is associated with a greater reduction in the risk of sustained accumulation of disability and is more effective in reducing disease relap.e rates. The treatment of MS continues to be a healthcare challenge due to the modest clinical benefit and adverse effect p.ofiles of available disease modifying treatment op.ions. Available data suggest alemtuzumab may offer better efficacy outcomes comp.red to traditional disease modifying therap.es in p.tients with MS. However, the agent has not been comp.red to other new disease modifying medications that have been recently introduced.

关键词： Alemtuzumab Multip.e Sclerosis Monoclonal Antibody Lymp.ocyte Dep.etion

Design of drug-like hep.in inhibitors against p.ostate cancer and kidney stones

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Acta p.armaceutica Sinica B 2020年第7期10卷 1309-1320页

作者： Vincent Blay Mu-Chun Li Sunita p.Ho Mashall L.Stoller Hsing-p.ng Hsieh douglas R.Houston Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering School of DentistryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Dep.rtment of Urology School of MedicineUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94143USA Institute of Biotechnology and p.armaceutical Research National Health Research InstitutesZhunanTaiwan 350China University of Edinburgh Institute of Quantitative BiologyBiochemistry and BiotechnologyEdinburghScotlandEH93BFUK

Hep.in,a transmembrane serine p.otease abundant in renal endothelial cells,is a p.omising therap.utic target against several cancers,p.rticularly p.ostate *** is involved in the release and p.lymerization of uromodulin in the urine,which p.ays a role in kidney stone *** this work,we design new p.tential hep.in inhibitors for high activity,imp.oved sp.cificity towards hep.in,and p.omising ADMET *** ligands were develop.d in silico through a novel hierarchical *** p.p.line exp.icitly accounts for off-target binding to the related serine p.oteases matrip.ase and HGFA(human hep.tocyte growth factor activator).We comp.eted the p.p.line incorp.rating ADMET p.op.rties of the candidate inhibitors into custom multi-objective op.imization *** ligands designed show excellent p.osp.cts for targeting hep.in via the blood stream and the urine and thus enable key exp.rimental *** comp.tational p.p.line p.op.sed is remarkably costefficient and can be easily adap.ed for designing inhibitors against new drug targets.

关键词： Virtual screening Docking Library Hep.in Tamm-Horsfall p.otein Biomineralization