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Forests,atmospheric water and an uncertain future: the new biology of the global water cycle

Forest Ecosystems 2018年第3期5卷 236-257页

作者： douglas sheil Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management(MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)

Theory and evidence indicate that trees and other vegetation influence the atmospheric water-cycle in various *** influences are more important, more complex, and more poorly characterised than is widely *** there is little doubt that changes in tree cover will impact the water-cycle, the wider consequences remain difficult to predict as the underlying relationships and processes remain poorly characterised. Nonetheless, as forests are vulnerable to human activities, these linked aspects of the water-cycle are also at risk and the potential consequences of large scale forest loss are severe. Here, for non-specialist readers, I review our knowledge of the links between vegetation-cover and climate with a focus on forests and rain(precipitation). I highlight advances, uncertainties and research opportunities. There are significant shortcomings in our understanding of the atmospheric hydrological cycle and of its representation in climate models. A better understanding of the role of vegetation and tree-cover wil reduce some of these shortcomings. I outline and il ustrate various research themes where these advances may be *** themes include the biology of evaporation, aerosols and atmospheric motion, as well as the processes that determine monsoons and diurnal precipitation cycles. A novel theory—the ‘biotic pump’—suggests that evaporation and condensation can exert a major influence over atmospheric dynamics. This theory explains how high rainfall can be maintained within those continental land-masses that are sufficiently forested. Feedbacks within many of these processes can result in non-linear behaviours and the potential for dramatic changes as a result of forest loss(or gain): for example, switching from a wet to a dry local climate(or visa-versa). Much remains unknown and multiple research disciplines are needed to address this: forest scientists and other biologists have a major role to *** ideas, methods and data offer opportun

关键词： Biotic pump Climate Condensation Evaporation Ice-nucleation Transpiration GCM Vapour Water-cycle

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Interpreting forest diversity-productivity relationships:volume values,disturbance histories and alternative inferences

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 64-75页

作者： douglas sheil Frans Bongers Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management(MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Box 50031432 AsNorway Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands

Understanding the relationship between stand-level tree diversity and productivity has the potential to inform the science and management of *** shows that plant diversity-productivity relationships are challenging to interpret—and this remains true for the study of forests using non-experimental field *** we highlight pitfalls regarding the analyses and interpretation of such *** examine three themes:1)the nature and measurement of ecological productivity and related values;2)the role of stand history and disturbance in explaining forest characteristics;and 3)the interpretation of any *** show that volume production and true productivity are distinct,and neither is a demonstrated proxy for economic *** stand characteristics,including diversity,volume growth and productivity,vary intrinsically with succession and stand *** should be characterising these relationships rather than ignoring or eliminating *** to do so may lead to misleading *** illustrate,we examine the study which prompted our concerns—Liang et al.(Science 354:aaf8957,2016)—which developed a sophisticated global analysis to infer a worldwide positive effect of biodiversity(tree species richness)on“forest productivity”(stand level wood volume production).Existing data should be able to address many of our *** evaluations will improve understanding.

关键词： Causation Correlation Diversity Inference Productivity Richness Tree-growth Wood-density

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Recognizing Local People's Priorities for Tropical Forest Biodiversity

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第1期35卷 17-24页

作者： douglas sheil Rafindra Puri Meilinda Wan Miriam Van Heist Nining Liswanti Rukmiyati Ike Rachmatika Ismayadi Samsoedin 丁莉（译）印度尼西亚国际森林研究中心英国坎特伯雷的肯特大学教授环境人类学和人类植物学印度尼西亚国际森林研究中心的一位作物学家博茨瓦纳、印度尼西亚和乌干达非政府组织工作的研究者印度尼西亚科学研究所（LIPI）生物研究中心印度尼西亚森林研究和发展机构不详

热带雨林地区的人们常常受到与威胁生物多样性同样的过程的影响。加深了解什么对当地人是重要的能够改善决策。明确询问什么对当地人是重要的，本文调查了这种询问的作用。我们所用的例子来源于东加里曼丹（印度尼西亚婆罗洲）的生物多... 详细信息

热带雨林地区的人们常常受到与威胁生物多样性同样的过程的影响。加深了解什么对当地人是重要的能够改善决策。明确询问什么对当地人是重要的，本文调查了这种询问的作用。我们所用的例子来源于东加里曼丹（印度尼西亚婆罗洲）的生物多样性调查。我们与当地社区合作重点描述了当地看重的生境、物种和地点的特征以及它们的重要性。这个过程明确了不同的优先权和威胁，对管理的完善和权限提出了建议，指出了必要的特别行动、进一步调查或两者都需要做的问题。研究还表明了在当地人的引导下生物评价更为有效，并且揭示了当地社区与那些保护参与者合作的潜力。这样的评价是推动当地利益进入更高水平决策的第一步。结合当地观点的环保人士能够得到更广泛的支持以及有效保护的新机会。

关键词：热带雨林地区生物多样性优先权生物评价有效保护印度尼西亚加里曼丹婆罗洲参与者威胁

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Gastric cystica profunda:Another indication for minimally invasive endoscopic resection techniques?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第27期30卷 3278-3283页

作者： Harjot K Bedi douglas Motomura Neal Shahidi Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver V6Z 2K5BCCanada

Gastric cancer presents a significant global health burden,as it is the fifth most common malignancy and fourth leading cause of cancer mortality *** in incidence rates across regions underscores the multifactorial etiology of this *** overall 5-year survival rate remains low despite advances in its diagnosis and *** surgical gastrectomy was previously standard-of-care,endoscopic resection techniques,including endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)have emerged as effective alternatives for early *** to surgical resection,endoscopic resection techniques have comparable 5-year survival rates,reduced treatment-related adverse events,shorter hospital stays and lower *** also enables en bloc resection,thus affording organ-sparing curative endoscopic resection for early *** this editorial,we comment on the recent publication by Geng et al regarding gastric cystica profunda(GCP).GCP is a rare gastric pseudotumour with the potential for malignant *** presents a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific clinical manifestations and varied endoscopic *** are several gaps in the literature regarding the diagnosis and management of GCP which warrants further research to standardize patient *** in endoscopic resection techniques offer promising avenues for GCP and early gastric cancers.

关键词： Early gastric cancer Endoscopy Endoscopic submucosal dissection Gastric cystica profunda

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景观对婆罗岛东加里曼丹Punan-Pelancau人的重要性初解

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第B11期36卷 559-564页

作者： Robert N. Cunliffe Timothy J. P. Lynam douglas sheil Meilinda Wan Agus Salim Imam Basuki Hari Priyadi 寒江（译）常驻津巴布韦哈拉雷的自由环境顾问常驻澳大利亚汤斯维尔的联邦科学与工业研究组织（CSIRO）可持续生态系统部的社会和生态系统科学家印度尼西亚的国际林业研究中心的生态学家印度尼西亚的国际林业研究中心的农艺学家澳大利亚国立大学国家流行病学及人口健康中心工作的生物统计学家印度尼西亚的国际林业研究中心工作的土壤学家印度尼西亚的国际林业研究中心工作的森林管理专家不详

为将当地社区的观点纳入新的发展倡议中,需要清晰地了解当地人的感受,并形成计划制定者和研发人员易于获取的文件形式。本研究意在对生活在东加里曼丹一个森林景观中的Punan Pelancau社区如何赋予周围景观以重要性建立一种先期了解,并... 详细信息

为将当地社区的观点纳入新的发展倡议中,需要清晰地了解当地人的感受,并形成计划制定者和研发人员易于获取的文件形式。本研究意在对生活在东加里曼丹一个森林景观中的Punan Pelancau社区如何赋予周围景观以重要性建立一种先期了解,并将他们的感受以地图的方式加以表现。这种方法的特色是将参与式社区评估法与更正式的建模技术和地理信息系统技术结合体的迭代运用。结果表明,景观重要性很大程度上受潜在利益的制约,如对产出、健康及房屋的投入。土地类型和距离都不是景观重要性的良好指标。本研究的一部分——栅格法,提供了一种获取和表示当地社区知识的简便技术,即使那些与土地的关系极为复杂的社区(如本研究的这一具体社区)。

关键词：加里曼丹地理信息系统技术景观土地类型文件形式建模技术社区结合体

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A Many Worlds Interpretation of the Dark Universe

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第2期10卷 828-835页

作者： Richard douglas Bateson Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge UK

In this paper, we discuss a Many Worlds Interpretation (MWI) of Dark Energy and Dark Matter. The universe is viewed cosmologically as a fermionic fluid with a hydrostatic pressure from “Zitterbewegung”, the quantum “zig-zagging” of Dirac particles. At each point in space-time, the pressure from all possible velocity states existing in the Many Worlds sums to provide a dark energy. This provides a ratio of matter energy to pressure energy close to that observed experimentally. Visible matter is the matter observed or measured in a particular velocity state and dark matter is then considered as the unobserved fermion contributions from different orthogonal spatial directions.

关键词： Dark Energy Dark Matter Many Worlds

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Increasing dietary fiber intake for type 2 diabetes mellitus management: A systematic review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 1001-1010页

作者： douglas Nitzke Juliana Czermainski Carolina Rosa Chaline Coghetto Sabrina Alves Fernandes Randhall B Carteri Department of Nutrition Centro Universitário CESUCACachoeirinha 94935-630Brazil Department of Hepatology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90430-080Brazil Postgraduate Program in Hepatology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90050-170Brazil Postgraduate Program in Hepatology Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre(UFCSPA)Porto Alegre 90050-170Brazil

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is a chronic,non-communicable disease with a substantial global impact,affecting a significant number of *** etiology is closely tied to imbalanced dietary practices and sedentary ***,increasing die-tary fiber(DF)intake has consistently demonstrated health benefits in numerous studies,including improvements in glycemic control and weight *** To investigate the efficacy of DF interventions in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to explore the association between DF intake and the management of *** the inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 26 studies were included in this *** The main strategies implied to increased DF intake were:High DF diet plus acarbose(2 studies);DF supplements(14 studies);and high DF diets(10 studies).Overall,most studies indicated that increased DF intake resulted in im-provements in glycemic control and weight management in T2DM *** DF represents a valuable strategy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,improving health *** intake offers the potential to improve quality of life and reduce complications and mortality associated with ***,through supplements or enriched foods,DF contributes significantly to the control of several markers such as HbA1c,blood glucose,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,and body weight.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Soluble fibers Insoluble fibers Probiotics Blood glucose Nutrition

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Assessment of the piroxicam-incited model of synchronized colitis in T-cell receptor alpha chain-deficient mice

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第4期7卷 533-543页

作者： Maximo E.Lange Danisa M.Bescucci Valerie F.Boras Tony Montina G.douglas Inglis douglas inglis 11 lethbridge research and development centre agriculture and agri-food canadalethbridgealbertacanada alberta health services chinook regional hospitallethbridgealbertacanada department of chemistry and biochemistry university of lethbridgelethbridgealbertacanada southern alberta genome sciences centre university of lethbridgelethbridgealbertacanada

Background:A multitude of mouse models are utilized to emulate and study intestinal inflammation.T-cell receptor alpha chain(TCRα)-deficient mice are used as a model of spontaneous colitis that has similarities with human ulcerative ***,colitis is triggered late in the life of the mouse(age:4-5 months),and inflammation does not develop at the same time in different mice.A previously conducted study reported that the administration of the drug piroxicam triggered predictable and early colitis in TCRα-deficient mice at the age of 6-8 ***,a detailed characterization of ensuing inflammation was not ***:We conducted an in-depth examination of piroxicam-triggered colitis in TCRα-deficient mice,with emphasis on spatial histopathologic changes and analysis of expression of inflammatory ***,we tested amelioration of colitis with ***:We confirmed that piroxicam induced a time-prescribed colitis and did so in the proximal colon as well as the cecum of TCRα-deficient *** adminis-tration was observed to induce epithelial hyperplasia,goblet cell loss,and leukocyte infiltration with occasional ulceration.A Swiss roll technique was used to examine the colon and cecum in its ***,we observed that inflammation was mul-tifocal segmental,with areas of tissue damage in between healthy *** addition,we observed variability in the severity of inflammation among replicate animals and treatments,and that the administration of dexamethasone only partially ameliorated inflammation in the proximal ***:Piroxicam consistently induced multifocal segmental colitis in the proxi-mal colon and cecum,although the degree of inflammation was reduced in the ***,spatial variability in inflammation in the large intestine and the inter-replicate variation in the severity of inflammation must be taken into consideration when utilizing this murine model of synchronized colitis.

关键词： colon dexamethasone histology induction inflammation knockout

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Seasonal variation and host sex affect bat–bat fly interaction networks in the Amazonian savannahs

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 400-416页

作者： Paulo MEJIA Gustavo Lima URBIETA Bruna da Silva XAVIER IsaíJorge de CASTRO JoséJúlio DE TOLEDO Gustavo GRACIOLLI Lucio AndréVIANA DIAS William douglas CARVALHO Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Tropical Universidade Federal do Amapá(UNIFAP)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Instituto de BiologiaCentro de Ciências da SaúdeUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Laboratório de Mamíferos Instituto de Pesquisas Científicas e Tecnológicas do Estado do Amapá(IEPA)MacapáAPBrazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Laboratório de SistemáticaEcologia e Evolução(LSEE)Instituto de BiociênciasUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul(UFMS)Campo GrandeMTBrazil Terrestrial Ecology Group(TEG-UAM) Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global(CIBC-UAM) Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain

Bats are the second-most diverse group of mammals in the world,and bat flies are their main ***,significant knowledge gaps remain regarding these antagonistic interactions,especially since diverse factors such as seasonality and host sex can affect their network ***,we explore the influence of such factors by comparing species richness and composition of bat flies on host bats,as well as specialization and modularity of bat–bat fly interaction networks between seasons and adult host *** captured bats and collected their ectoparasitic flies at 10 sampling sites in the savannahs of AmapáState,northeastern region of the Brazilian *** female bats being more parasitized and recording greater bat fly species richness in the wet season,neither relationship was statistically *** pooled network could be divided into 15 compartments with 54 links,and all subnetworks comprised>12 *** total number of links ranged from 27 to 48(for the dry and wet seasons,respectively),and female and male subnetworks had 44 and 41 links,*** values were very low for the pooled network and for all *** results revealed higher bat fly species richness and abundance in the wet season,whereas specialization and modularity were higher in the dry ***,the subnetwork for female bats displayed higher specialization and modularity than the male ***,both seasonality and host sex contribute in different ways to bat–bat fly network *** studies should consider these factors when evaluating bat–bat fly interaction networks.

关键词： Amapá Amazon biome bat flies bats interaction networks

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银河系搭车客指南

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英语画刊(高中版) 2024年第10期 16-19页

作者： douglas Adams

《银河系搭车客指南》是一部由英国著名科幻小说家道格拉斯·亚当斯创作的科幻小说。地球要被毁灭了,因为它所在的地方将修建一条超空间快速通道。主人公亚瑟·邓特和朋友福特活了下来,而福特其实是个外星人,是名著《银河系搭车客指南...

《银河系搭车客指南》是一部由英国著名科幻小说家道格拉斯·亚当斯创作的科幻小说。地球要被毁灭了,因为它所在的地方将修建一条超空间快速通道。主人公亚瑟·邓特和朋友福特活了下来,而福特其实是个外星人,是名著《银河系搭车客指南》派赴地球的研究员。两人开始了一场穿越银河的冒险,能够帮助他们的只有《银河系搭车客指南》一书中所包含的无限智慧。本文为节选。

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