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Multiparameteric PET-MR Assessment of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: PET, MR, PET-MR and Tumor Texture Analysis: A Pilot Study

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Advances in Molecular Imaging 2015年第3期5卷 49-60页

作者： Ur Metser Kartik S. Jhaveri Grainne Murphy Jaydeep Halankar douglas hussey Paul Dufort Erin Kennedy Joint Department of Medical Imaging University Health Network Mount Sinai Hospital and Women’s College Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada Division of General Surgery University Health Network & Mount Sinai Hospital University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Purpose: Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) achieving pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) have significantly improved long term survival. Preoperative detection of pCR may enable a conservative therapeutic approach in some patients. The purpose of the current prospective pilot study was to assess multiparametric qualitative and quantitative MR, PET, PET-MR and tumor texture features in predicting pCR to CRT in patients with LARC. Material and Methods: Eighteen LARC patients underwent staging with FDG-PET and MR-rectum and 15 had post-CRT restaging. Response was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. SUV (tumor/background), SUV/ADC, and tumor texture parameters derived via machine learning algorithms (MLA) from PET and multiple MR sequences and were correlated with histopathology. Results: A third of patients had pCR. Sensitivity, specificity & accuracy of PET, MR and combined PET-MR were 90, 60, & 80;90, 20 & 66.7;90, 80 & 86.7, respectively. Differences did not reach statistical significance. Quantitatively, only tumor-muscle (SUV/ADC) ratio improved prediction of pCR. Of all texture features assessed using MLA, only the classifier trained on pre-treatment PET was significant (p = 0.034;accuracy, 92.8%). Combined PET and MR texture features did not improve performance. Conclusion: Combined PET-MR may improve specificity compared with PET or MR alone, although this needs to be validated in a larger cohort. Tumor to muscle SUV/ADC ratios post-therapy and texture features on baseline PET show promise in improving prediction of pCR post-CRT in LARC.

关键词： FDG PET-MR Therapy Response Rectal Cancer Radiomics

化疗对通过FDG-PET／CT选择可行结直肠癌肝转移手术切除患者的影响：PET-CAM随机试验的单中心研究

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中华核医学与分子影像杂志 2017年第10期37卷 672-673页

作者：顾佳唐军苏州大学医学部放射医学与防护学院 215123 苏州大学附属第二医院核医学科 215004

目的关于FDG—PET在结直肠癌肝转移（***）手术治疗中作用的随机对照试验（RCT）结果表明，8％的患者其手术治疗决策发生了改变。该研究拟探讨***患者近期化疗和随后的PET探测转移性病灶之间的关系，并确定回顾性集中阅片是否会影响随... 详细信息

目的关于FDG—PET在结直肠癌肝转移（***）手术治疗中作用的随机对照试验（RCT）结果表明，8％的患者其手术治疗决策发生了改变。该研究拟探讨***患者近期化疗和随后的PET探测转移性病灶之间的关系，并确定回顾性集中阅片是否会影响随机试验的结果。方法研究纳入来自同一医院的120例患者。首次PET读片报告（PET-L）取自医院数据库，再次回顾性读片报告（PET-C）由其他至少1位阅片者独立完成。记录PET显像前未知的、未被列入手术切除计划的肝外病灶（EHD）和肝内转移灶（SALM）。根据术后病理结果和实体肿瘤疗效评估标准（RECIST），全部患者被分为化疗有效组和其他组。结果50例患者PET显像前90d内进行了化疗．其中37例有效。EHD为30／120（25％）。有效组内PET-L（7／37；18．9％），PET—C（7／37；18．9％）和CT（4／37；10．8％）发现EHD的结果无差异（P=0．375）；但在其他组，PET—L（15／83；18．1％）和PET．C（22／83；26．5％）发现的EHD比cT（8／83；9．6％）多（P=0．039和P〈0．001）。50例患者中，被PET—L和PET—C发现EHD和（或）SALM而没有被cT发现的患者数分别为14例（11．7％）和22例（18．3％）。结论近期化疗对PET显像探测结直肠癌转移的影响表明，先前进行的随机对照试验结果可能低估了可进行肝内转移病灶切除的患者数。

关键词： PET FDG 直结肠癌肝转移化疗

Forests,atmospheric water and an uncertain future: the new biology of the global water cycle

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第3期5卷 236-257页

作者： douglas Sheil Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management(MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)

Theory and evidence indicate that trees and other vegetation influence the atmospheric water-cycle in various *** influences are more important, more complex, and more poorly characterised than is widely *** there is little doubt that changes in tree cover will impact the water-cycle, the wider consequences remain difficult to predict as the underlying relationships and processes remain poorly characterised. Nonetheless, as forests are vulnerable to human activities, these linked aspects of the water-cycle are also at risk and the potential consequences of large scale forest loss are severe. Here, for non-specialist readers, I review our knowledge of the links between vegetation-cover and climate with a focus on forests and rain(precipitation). I highlight advances, uncertainties and research opportunities. There are significant shortcomings in our understanding of the atmospheric hydrological cycle and of its representation in climate models. A better understanding of the role of vegetation and tree-cover wil reduce some of these shortcomings. I outline and il ustrate various research themes where these advances may be *** themes include the biology of evaporation, aerosols and atmospheric motion, as well as the processes that determine monsoons and diurnal precipitation cycles. A novel theory—the ‘biotic pump’—suggests that evaporation and condensation can exert a major influence over atmospheric dynamics. This theory explains how high rainfall can be maintained within those continental land-masses that are sufficiently forested. Feedbacks within many of these processes can result in non-linear behaviours and the potential for dramatic changes as a result of forest loss(or gain): for example, switching from a wet to a dry local climate(or visa-versa). Much remains unknown and multiple research disciplines are needed to address this: forest scientists and other biologists have a major role to *** ideas, methods and data offer opportun

关键词： Biotic pump Climate Condensation Evaporation Ice-nucleation Transpiration GCM Vapour Water-cycle

Materials and technology of Chinese jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE)

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第4期51卷 467-480页

作者： Janet G douglas Department of Conservation and Scientific Research Freer Gallery of Art / Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Institution

Excavated jades dating to the Western Zhou period (1050―771 BCE) from the Xi’an area in Shaanxi Province, China, and contemporaneous jades in the collections of the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery at the Smithsonian Institution have been studied to learn about the jade and stone materials and how they were worked during the Western Zhou period. Materials identification was carried out using a combination of techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tool marks were studied using stereomicroscopy and examination of mold impressions using scanning electron microscopy. All of these objects were pro- duced through simple processes involving solid drilling, riffling, and sharp point abrasion; and no evidence was found for the use of rotary tools for incising or sawing.

关键词： jade nephrite stone China Western Zhou scanning electron microscopy materials technology tool marks

Interpreting forest diversity-productivity relationships:volume values,disturbance histories and alternative inferences

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第1期7卷 64-75页

作者： douglas Sheil Frans Bongers Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management(MINA) Norwegian University of Life Sciences(NMBU)Box 50031432 AsNorway Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Wageningen University&ResearchPO Box 476700 AA WageningenThe Netherlands

Understanding the relationship between stand-level tree diversity and productivity has the potential to inform the science and management of *** shows that plant diversity-productivity relationships are challenging to interpret—and this remains true for the study of forests using non-experimental field *** we highlight pitfalls regarding the analyses and interpretation of such *** examine three themes:1)the nature and measurement of ecological productivity and related values;2)the role of stand history and disturbance in explaining forest characteristics;and 3)the interpretation of any *** show that volume production and true productivity are distinct,and neither is a demonstrated proxy for economic *** stand characteristics,including diversity,volume growth and productivity,vary intrinsically with succession and stand *** should be characterising these relationships rather than ignoring or eliminating *** to do so may lead to misleading *** illustrate,we examine the study which prompted our concerns—Liang et al.(Science 354:aaf8957,2016)—which developed a sophisticated global analysis to infer a worldwide positive effect of biodiversity(tree species richness)on“forest productivity”(stand level wood volume production).Existing data should be able to address many of our *** evaluations will improve understanding.

关键词： Causation Correlation Diversity Inference Productivity Richness Tree-growth Wood-density

The Effect of Natural Hazard Damage on Manufacturing Value Added and the Impact of Spatiotemporal Data Variations on the Results

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第5期13卷 691-704页

作者： douglas Thomas Jennifer Helgeson National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD 20899USA

This study examined the effect of natural hazards on manufacturing industry value added and the sensitivity of the results from changes to spatiotemporal resolution of the *** measured the negative effects of hazards,rather than the net *** models were developed with varying spatio temporal units for the continental United States:annual/county units;annual/state units;and quarterly/state *** simulations were run using each model to estimate the negative effect of damage from all natural hazards on value added across spatiotemporal ***,an investment analysis was conducted to examine the return from public investments in hazard *** results do not demonstrate that,locally,natural hazards reduce value ***,the evidence suggests that natural hazards in the upstream supply chain have statistically significant impact when modeled at the annual/county scale and at the quarterly/state *** local nor supply chain hazards have a statistically significant effect when modeled at the annual/state scale,suggesting that broader spatiotemporal units may obscure the true downstream effects of natural *** investment analysis,utilizing model results,suggests that an investment of USD 100 billion or less is economical if it results in a reduction in losses of 10% or more.

关键词： Manufacturing Natural hazards Spatiotemporal impacts United States Value added

Slab and Level 2 Automation Design Guidelines for Optimum Metallurgy and Productivity for Plate and Steckel Mills

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 550-556页

作者： Stalheim douglas DGS Metallurgical Solutions Inc. 15003 NE 10th StreetVancouverWA 98684 USA

Many new steel plate processing facilities have been built in the past 10 years around the world with many more being planned for the *** is especially true in developing countries such as China,India and *** of these facilities are plate mills with either one or two stands or a Steckel mill,typically only one stand designed for the production of structural plate ***,there is a lack of understanding with both the mill builders of the world and the mill owners on the importance of properly matching up the available slab supply (either new as part of a new plate/Steckel mill complex or part of an already existing) with the desired end plate product *** mill builders and owners around the world believe that you can take any slab of any dimension and make any plate dimension you *** this is basically true with today’s Level 2 automation systems,it does not always result in optimum metallurgy/mechanical properties or *** less than optimum condition results in mechanical property failures,shape issues,productivity losses and in general a less than desirable costly processing *** is important to the overall optimization of a steel processing facility that the proper slab dimensions be used to produce the proper final plate dimensions along with achieving the required mechanical *** critical nature of this selection will be dependent on the final plate thickness and overall mechanical property *** mechanical property,shape and overall microstructure are heavily dependent on the ability to properly work the entire cross section of the slab through the rolling *** mechanical property,shape and microstructural issues are a result of improper working of the entire cross section during *** ability for a given mill to properly work the entire cross section is dependent on proper slab selection (total reduction ratio) and a proper rolling schedule either generated manual

关键词： slab dimensions optimization grain size rolling schedule automation Level 2

Metallurgical Optimization of Microalloyed Steels for Oil and Gas Transmission Pipelines

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 669-674页

作者： Stalheim douglas DGS Metallurgical Solutions Inc. 15003 NE 10th StreetVancouverWA98684 USA

The production of microalloyed steels for oil and gas transmission pipelines has increased significantly over the past *** more and more countries developing their own capabilities to produce pipeline steels to support their own internal pipeline infrastructure development,there has been an increase of steel producers working to develop their own capabilities to produce microalloyed steels for this ***,to achieve the desired mechanical property attributes for transmission pipeline applications utilizing a cost effective approach requires metallurgical optimization of the microalloyed *** achieve metallurgical optimization a basic understanding is required in the design of a cost effective alloy and then the proper processing of that alloy design to achieve the optimum microstructure/mechanical *** this sense,many producers in the world,especially those who have only recently,in the past 10 years,developed their capability to produce microalloyed transmission pipeline steels still do not achieve metallurgical optimization of their alloy and *** results in yield losses due to failures,inefficient processing causing productivity losses and additional expensive additions of alloys to compensate for failures and process *** the supplier of plate/coil has the largest percentage effect on the final cost of the pipe,the steel producer must understand proper alloy,microstructure,and process design to produce a uniform and stable plate/coil to be used in pipe *** means that strength,toughness and microstructure must be uniform down the length,across the width and through the cross *** optimization is achieved when this uniformity is achieved with a cost effective *** to that,non-uniformity results in pipe forming,welding,expansion,mechanical property and production issues resulting in downgraded pipe and cost overruns in *** paper will describe targets for p

关键词： microalloy niobium pipeline solubility grain size rolling schedule

50 years change in urban land use and ecological planning globally in the era of design with nature

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2019年第1期5卷 185-198,I0001页

作者： Ian douglas School of Environment Education and DevelopmentUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK

Ian McHarg’s 1969 book,Design with Nature,was grounded in earlier good practice,especially the European vision of fitting cities into the regional landscape and carrying thorough surveys before planning *** book emerged in the wake of publications that worried about the ability of the earth to support expanding populations and their growing impact on the *** argued that ecological design should follow planning based on detailed site *** McHarg advised many urban authorities in the USA and other countries,especially in Africa,Asia and Europe,and his ideas had influenced some British new towns,they had little attention in the planning of Milton Keynes,England’s largest new urban settlement,where the initial geological surveys were inadequate,but a successful large tree-planting programhas created a“city in the forest.”McHarg was however closely involved in planning the Nigerian Capital city,Abuja,but his sound master plan was ill-equipped to provide for a nation undergoing post-conflict rebuilding and a local population more concerned with access to land than ecological ***,McHarg helped us to promote,protect,and preserve urban green *** teams from different disciplines now work well together,the integrated thinking advocated by McHarg remains sometimes in short supply in local practice.

关键词： Planning design urban nature garden city site investigation