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Indirect costs associated with deaths from the Ebola virus disease in west Africa

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 95-104页

作者： Joses Muthuri Kirigia felix Masiye doris Gatwiri Kirigia Patricia Akweongo Health Systems and Services Cluster World Health OrganizationRegional Office for AfricaBrazzavilleCongo Department of Economics University of ZambiaLusakaZambia The KEMRI-wellcome Trust Research Programme NairobiKenya School of Public Health University of GhanaAccraGhana

Background:By 28 June 2015,there were a total of 11,234 deaths from the Ebola virus disease(EVD)in five west African countries(Guinea,Liberia,Mali,Nigeria and Sierra Leone).The objective of this study was to estimate the future productivity losses associated with EVD deaths in these west African countries,in order to encourage increased investments in national health ***:A cost-of-illness method was employed to calculate future non-health(NH)gross domestic product(GDP)(NHGDP)losses associated with EVD *** future non-health GDP loss(NHGDPLoss)was discounted at 3%.Separate analyses were done for three different age groups(years,15–44 years and=>45 years)for the five countries(Guinea,Liberia,Mali,Nigeria,and Sierra Leone)affected by *** also conducted a one-way sensitivity analysis at 5 and 10%discount rates to gauge their impacts on expected ***:The discounted value of future NHGDPLoss due to the 11,234 deaths associated with EVD was estimated to be Int$(international dollars)155,663,*** 27.86%of the loss would be borne by Guinea,34.84%by Liberia,0.10%by Mali,0.24%by Nigeria and 36.96%by Sierra *** 27.27%of the loss is attributed to those aged under 14 years,66.27%to those aged 15–44 years and 6.46%to those aged over 45 *** average NHGDPLoss per EVD death was estimated to be Int$17,473 for Guinea,Int$11,283 for Liberia,Int$25,126 for Mali,Int$47,364 for Nigeria and Int$14,633 for Sierra ***:In spite of alluded limitations,the estimates of human and economic losses reported in this paper,in addition to those projected by the world Bank,show that EVD imposes a significant economic burden on the affected west African *** heavy burden,coupled with human rights and global security concerns,underscores the urgent need for increased domestic and external investments to enable Guinea,Liberia and Sierra Leone(and other vulnerable African countries)to develop resilient health systems,including

关键词： Ebola virus disease Non-health GDP loss Indirect cost Cost-of-illness

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A Comparative Study of Banking Regulation in Terms of Deposit Insurance System between China, Canada and Usa

A Comparative Study of Banking Regulation in Terms of Deposi...

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作者： doris wei-Ju Lin 华东政法大学

学位级别：硕士

加拿大金融业在2008年的金融危机中独善其身,成为西方七国集团中受金融危机影响最小的国家。国际货币基金组织和世界银行曾评价“加拿大金融监管机构良好,符合主要的国家标准和原则要求,在许多方面可以作为国际典范”,加拿大的银行也多... 详细信息

加拿大金融业在2008年的金融危机中独善其身,成为西方七国集团中受金融危机影响最小的国家。国际货币基金组织和世界银行曾评价“加拿大金融监管机构良好,符合主要的国家标准和原则要求,在许多方面可以作为国际典范”,加拿大的银行也多次被世界权威媒体评为世界上最稳健的金融机构之一。这主要归功于加拿大权责明晰的金融监管体制、不断完善的金融监管法律法规。美国虽然在金融危机中惨遭滑铁卢,但是美国存款保险公司针对危机处理做了许多创新及改善措施。美国的存款保险公司自成立以来被许许多多的国家作为建立金融监管制度的效仿对象。在金融全球化迅速发展的今天,如何保证金融安全高效地运作已经成为我国市场经济首要面对的重大课题。中国的金融监管尚处于非成熟阶段,通过研究加拿大及美国的金融监管体制及其特点,对于中国正处在建设和规范中的金融监管工作应该有显著的现实意义和实践价值。本文第一章论述了银行监管概论、目标、内容、方式、和理论。第二章介绍中国银行监管发展和所取得的成效。第三及第四章分别概述加拿大、美国金融市场概况、监管单位以及银行监管模式的发展情况。第五章比较美国及加拿大的存款保险制度模式以及存款保险制度如何作为一种防范金融危机的金融安全网。第六章剖析中国经济环境现状,同时总结北美两国存款保险制度对我国的启示与借鉴。本章节同时提出在改进银行监管的过程中,既要充分借鉴国外模式的优点,又要结合中国实际情况,发展出最适合本国金融业发展的监管模式及存款保险制度。

关键词：银行监管中国监管模式加拿大监管模式美国监管模式存款保险比较

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first determination of the highly genotoxic fungal contaminant altertoxin II in a naturally infested apple sample

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 82-86页

作者： Hannes Puntscher doris Marko Benedikt warth Department of food Chemistry and Toxicology Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWahringer Str.381090ViennaAustria

Altertoxin II is an epoxide-holding perylene quinone and secondary metabolite produced by Alternaria *** genotoxic potential and the high concentrations determined in laboratory fungal cultures resulted in an increased scientific interest in this emerging ***,no natural occurrence in food has been reported to date to the best of our ***,we unambiguously identified altertoxin II in a naturally infected,unprocessed *** a validated LC-MS/MS method,fruit peel spots(approx.1 mm in diameter),typically associated with Alternaria infestation,were tested for 17 mycotoxins produced by this *** concentrations of tentoxin were determined 24 h after harvest,and the dibenzopyrones alternariol,alternariol monomethyl ether(AME)and AME-3-sulfate after six months of ***,these contamination patterns can be considered unlikely to be of toxicological concern for ***,an inconspicuous peel lesion(0.5×1 cm)separately sampled from a stored apple,exhibited considerably high concentrations of 14 Alternaria toxins,including dibenzopyrones,their barely studied modified forms(glucosides and sulfates),as well as genotoxic perylene quinones including altertoxin *** the toxicological potential of this compound,contaminations in such infected fruit parts should not be underestimated,*** the case of exposure through the consumption of fresh smoothies or fruit juices.

关键词： Alternaria alternata Emerging contaminants Genotoxicity food safety Plant pathology Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

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High spectro-temporal compression on a nonlinear CMOS-chip

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第7期10卷 1347-1361页

作者： Ju won Choi Ezgi Sahin Byoung-Uk Sohn George f.R.Chen doris K.T.Ng Anuradha M.Agarwal Lionel C.Kimerling Dawn T.H.Tan Photonics Devices and System Group SUTD-MIT International Design CenterSingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Institute of Microelectronics A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)2 Fusionopolis Way#08-02Innovis TowerSingapore 138634Singapore Microphotonics Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA 02139USA Materials Research Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridgeMA 02139USA

Optical pulses are fundamentally defined by their temporal and spectral *** ability to control pulse properties allows practitioners to efficiently leverage them for advanced metrology,high speed optical communications and attosecond ***,we report 11×temporal compression of 5.8 ps pulses to 0.55 ps using a low power of 13.3 *** result is accompanied by a significant increase in the pulse peak power by 9.4×.These results represent the strongest temporal compression demonstrated to date on a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor(CMOS)*** addition,we report the first demonstration of on-chip spectral compression,3.0×spectral compression of 480 fs pulses,importantly while preserving the pulse *** strong compression achieved at low powers harnesses advanced on-chip device design,and the strong nonlinear properties of backend-CMOS compatible ultra-silicon-rich nitride,which possesses absence of two-photon absorption and 500×larger nonlinear parameter than in stoichiometric silicon nitride *** demonstrated work introduces an important new paradigm for spectro-temporal compression of optical pulses toward turn-key,on-chip integrated systems for all-optical pulse control.

关键词： pulse optical nonlinear

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Impact of intraocular pressure fluctuations on progression of normal tension glaucoma

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第10期14卷 1553-1559页

作者： Susanne Hopf doris Schwantuschke Irene Schmidtmann Norbert Pfeiffer Esther Maria Hoffmann Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center MainzMainz 55131Germany Pediatric Dentistry Nieder-Olm 55268Germany Institute of Medical Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics(IMBEI)University Medical Center MainzMainz 55131Germany

AIM:To investigate short-and long-term intraocular pressure(IOP)fluctuations and fur ther ocular and demographic parameters as predictors for normal tension glaucoma(NTG)***:This retrospective,longitudinal cohort study included 137 eyes of 75 patients with NTG,defined by glaucomatous optic disc or visual field defect with normal IOP(y from therapy *** fluctuation,mean,and maximum were inspected with a mean follow-up of 38 mo[standard deviation(SD)18 mo].Inclusion criteria were the performance of minimum two 48-hour profiles including perimetry,Heidelberg retina tomograph(HRT)imaging,and optic disc *** impact of IOP parameters,myopia,sex,cup-to-disc-ratio,and visual field results on progression of NTG were analyzed using Cox regression models.A sub-group analysis with results from optical coherence tomography(OCT)was ***:IOP fluctuations,average,and maximum were not risk factors for progression in NTG patients,although maximum IOP at the initial IOP profile was higher in eyes with progression than in eyes without progression(P=0.054).The 46/137(33.5%)eyes progressed over the followup *** progression(at least three progression confirmations)occurred in 28/137 eyes(20.4%).Most progressions were detected by perimetry(36/46).Longterm IOP mean over all pressure profiles was 12.8 mm Hg(SD 1.3 mm Hg);IOP fluctuation was 1.4 mm Hg(SD 0.8 mm Hg).The progression-free five-year rate was 58.2%(SD 6.5%).CONCLUSION:Short-and long-term IOP fluctuations do not result in progression of *** functional changes are most likely to happen,NTG should be monitored with visual field testing more often than with other devices.

关键词： intraocular pressure intraocular pressure fluctuation glaucoma progression visual field optical optical coherence tomography

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Tuberculosis in the mines of Zambia:A case for intervention

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第9期6卷 803-807页

作者： Pascalina Chanda-Kapata doris Osei-Afriyie Connrad Mwansa Nathan Kapata Department of Disease Surveillance Control and Research Ministry of Health Department of Occupational Health Occupational Health and Safety Institute Department of Diseases Surveillance Control and Research National TB/Leprosy Control ProgramMinistry of Health

Zambia is among the sub-Saharan countries highly burdened with tuberculosis(TB) and has an estimated prevalence rate of 638 per 100 000 population in those aged 15 years and *** mining industry is the main contributor to the country's gross national product,although it is associated with public health challenges,with TB in the mines being among the occupational health diseases having a negative economic impact and threatening to delay the control of TB in the *** reviewed available evidence on the extent of the burden of TB in the mines so as to inform the development of targeted interventions for the post-2015 End TB *** was a review of published data from Medline/Pubmed,Cochrane Library and Embase,including unpublished "grey"literature on the burden of TB and the risk factors of TB in the mines of *** is limited research in Zambia to fully understand the burden of TB and risk factors associated with TB in the ***,the few studies and data available have shown that TB is a significant health problem requiring interventions to improve the quality of life of miners,ex-miners and surrounding *** is a potential problem in the mines of Zambia and the actual burden needs to be *** to silica as a risk factor needs further investigation.

关键词： Tuberculosis Zambia Occupational health diseases Silica Mines

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Long-lived lunar volcanism sustained by precession-driven core-mantle friction

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National Science Review 2024年第2期11卷 114-123页

作者： Shuoran yu Xiao Xiao Shengxia Gong Nicola Tosi Jun Huang doris Breuer Long Xiao Dongdong Ni State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and Technology Planetary Science Institute State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences CAS Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Institute of Planetary Research German Aerospace Centre(DLR)

Core-mantle friction induced by the precession of the Moon's spin axis is a strong heat source in the deep lunar mantle during the early phase of a satellite's evolution, but its influence on the long-term thermal evolution still remains poorly explored. Using a one-dimensional thermal evolution model, we show that core-mantle friction can sustain global-scale partial melting in the upper lunar mantle until ～3.1 Ga, thus accounting for the intense volcanic activity on the Moon before ～3.0 Ga. Besides, core-mantle friction tends to suppress the secular cooling of the lunar core and is unlikely to be an energy source for the long-lived lunar core dynamo. Our model also favours the transition of the Cassini state before the end of the lunar magma ocean phase(～4.2 Ga), which implies a decreasing lunar obliquity over time after the solidification of the lunar magma ocean. Such a trend of lunar obliquity evolution may allow volcanically released water to be buried in the lunar regolith of the polar regions. As a consequence, local water ice could be more abundant than previously thought when considering only its accumulation caused by solar wind and comet spreading.

关键词： Moon precession orbit volcanism

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Suspension- and powder-based derivation of Hansen dispersibility parameters for zinc oxide quantum dots

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Particuology 2019年第3期17卷 71-79页

作者： Sebastian Siüβ wei Lin Olga Getmanenko Lukas Pflug Titus Sobisch wolfgang Peukert Dietmar Lerche doris Segets Institute of Particle Technology (LfG) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Niimberg (FAU) Cauerstr. 4 91058 Erlangen Germany Interdisciplinary Center for functional Particle Systems (fPS) Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Niimberg (FAU) HaberstraJSe 9a 91058 Erlangen Germany Institute of Applied Mathematics 2 Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nümberg (FAU) Cauerstrajβe 11 91058 Erlangen Germany LUM GmbH Justus-von-Liebig StraJSe 3 12489 Berlin Germany Process Technology for Electrochemical functional Materials Institute for Combustion and Gas Dynamics - Reactive Fluids (1VG) University Duisburg-Essen (UDE) Carl-Benz-StraJSe 199 47057 Duisburg Germany

for most particle-based applications, formulation in the liquid phase is a decisive step, and thus, particle interactions and stability in liquid media are of major importance. The concept of Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) was initially invented to describe the interactions of (polymer) molecules and their solubility in different liquids and is increasingly being used in particle technology to describe dispersibility. Because dispersions are not thermodynamically stable, the term Hansen dispersibility parameters (HDP) is used instead of HSP (SiiE, Sobisch, Peukert, Lerche,& Segets, 2018). Herein, we extend a previously developed standardized and non-subjective method for determination of Hansen parameters based on analytical centrifugation to the important class of quantum materials. As a technically relevant model system, zinc oxide quantum dots (QDs) were used to transfer our methodology to nanoparticles (NPs) with sizes below lOnm. The results obtained using the standard procedure starting from a dried powder were compared with those obtained through redispersion from the wet sediment produced during the typical washing procedure of QDs, and drying was observed to play an important role. In conclusion, our study reveals the high potential of HDP for quantifying the interfacial properties of NPs as well as their link to dispersibility.

关键词： Hansen solubility parameter functionalization Semiconductor nanoparticles Colloidal stability Quantum material

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H2A.Z contributes to trithorax activity at the AGAMOUS locus

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Molecular Plant 2022年第2期15卷 207-210页

作者： Un-Sa Lee Tomasz Bieluszewski Jun Xiao Ayako yamaguchi doris wagner University of Pennsylvania Department of Biology19108 PhiladelphiaPAUSAUniversity of PennsylvaniaDepartment of Biology19108 PhiladelphiaPAUSA Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science(CEPAMS) The John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR47UHUK

Dear Editor,In multicellular eukaryotes,Polycomb repression heritably si-lences gene expression programs not needed or detrimental for a given developmental stage or tissue(Schuettengruber et al.,2017).During cell fate reprogramming,Polycomb silencing can be overcome by the combined activity of multiple Trithorax group(TrxG)proteins(wu et al.,2012;Liang et al.,2015;Schuettengruber et al.,2017).TrxG proteins are genetically defined as suppressors of homeotic defects caused by loss of Polycomb function and have diverse enzymatic activities(Schuettengruber et al.,2017).we used a genetic enhancer screen to identify candidate TrxG proteins and uncovered TrxG activity for components of the SwR1 chromatin remodeling complex,which deposits the histone variant H2A.Z(Deal et al.,2007;March-Diaz et al.,2008).

关键词： H2A.Z suppressor

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Sustainable Laboratory Capacity Building in Sierra Leone:from Ebola to COVID-19

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China CDC weekly 2023年第28期5卷 632-636页

作者： Lili wang Alie Brima Tia Bing Xu Xiaopeng Qi doris Harding Center for Global Public Health Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Sierra Leone-China friendship Biological Safety Laboratory Ministry of Health and SanitationFreetownSierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation FreetownSierra Leone

The onset of the Ebola outbreak in 2014 originated in Guinea and proceeded to swiftly reach Sierra Leone and Liberia(1).Unfortunately,these nations were critically deficient in their capacity for pathogenic testing and diagnostics,the availability of healthcare workers,and their supply of epidemic prevention materials,thereby impeding their ability to address the outbreak efficiently(2).This grave scenario underscored the need for support from the worldwide community.

关键词： Ebola prevention thereby

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