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Optimization and kinetic studies for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of colocynthis vulgaris Shrad seeds shell for bioethanol production

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2021年第1期6卷 45-64页

作者： Igwilo Christopher Nnaemeka Egbuna Samuel O Onoh maxwell I Asadu OChristain Onyekwulu Chinelo S Department of Science Laboratory Technology Federal College of AgricultureP.M.BIshiaguEbonyi StateNigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT)Nigeria Gregory University Uturu PMB 1012 Abia State Nigeria

The key process parameters for the hydrolysis and fermentation of Colocynthis vulgaris Shrad seeds shell(CVSSS)were optimized using the Box-Behnken Design(BBD)of Response Surface Methodology(RSM).Kinetic study was also carried *** proximate analysis of the CVSSS was done by the method of the Association of Organic and Applied Chemistry(AOAC).Enzymatic hydrolysis was experimented by using Aspergillus Niger as a crude enzyme isolated from soil at sawdust dump site and screened for cellulosic *** that affected the hydrolysis of the CVSSS were screened by using the Greco-Latin square design of ***,for Saccharomyces cerevisiae,factors that affected the fermentation of the CVSSS were screened by using the same Greco-Latin square design of ***,the result of the proximate analysis revealed that the CVSSS had 73.54%cellulose which could be converted to *** was established that temperature,pH and time had significant effect on hydrolysis,while the optimum results were obtained at 46.8℃,3.32 d,5.68 and 59.87%for temperature,time,pH and glucose yield,***,yeast dosage,pH and time had significant effect on fermentation,while the optimum results from optimization were found to be 33.58℃,7.0,3.55 d,1.65 g per 50 mL and 25.6%for temperature,pH,time,yeast dosage and ethanol yield,*** kinetics of both the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation agreed with the Michealis-Menten kinetic model with the correlation coefficients(R^(2))of 0.9708 and 0.8773,***,from the error analysis,the experimental and predicted values had a very good relationship as described by Michaelis-Menten model.

关键词： Ethanol Melon(Egusi)seed shell Hydrolysis Fermentation Optimization Kinetics

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The grain-size characteristics of Quaternary deposits at Xingshan near Siping in Jilin province, China

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Global Geology 2006年第1期9卷 30-39,48页

作者： maxwell A Boateng College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130061 Jilin China

This research paper analyses the grain-size characteristics of the Quaternary deposits at Xingshan near Siping, Jilin province in China by employing graphic measures to study the grain size distribution and its mode of transport and deposition. The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan lie unconformable on Cretaceous rocks made of siltstone, mudstone and sandstone. The average grain size is between 8.06 to 8.55Φ (0.002 6 ～0.003 7 mm). The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan mainly compose of very fine silt to clay. The compositions of the grade are clay 63% and silt 37%. The clay size components are weathered debris transported and deposited by flowing water from the SE highlands or hills to the low lying NW Xingshan plains whereas the silty components accumulated by aoelian process. The Quaternary deposits at Xingshan accumulated in the middle and late Pleistocene interglacial periods from (459.12～39.03) ka to (88.92～7.56) ka. The standard deviation ranged from 0.96 to 1.36Φ, indicating that the sediments are moderately to poorly sorted, Coefficient of skewness ranged from 0.16～0.31 with an average skewness of 0.218, (Positively skewed towards fine). Kurtosis values (0.84～1.05) from the grain size distribution and visual inspection of the frequency curves indicate platykurtic to mesokurtic curves and unimodal to bimodal grain-size distribution. The type of deposit formation is sand dune and the source is at a distal from its provenance.

关键词： grain-size characteristics Xingshan Quaternary deposits Pleistocene interglacial period

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Emergency department patient experience:Same location,same provider,different scores by different survey methods

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 138-144页

作者： Wirachin Hoonpongsimanont Preet Kaur Sahota Yanjun Chen Maria Nguyen Christine Louis Jonathan Pena Andrew Wong maxwell Jen Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Orange CA USA Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences University of California Irvine CA USA

BACKGROUND: Recent findings on emergency department (ED) patient experience surveys and concerns for the low response rates challenge the quality and reliability of the survey reports. We assessed the consistency of an ED patient experience survey report and identifi ed the effects of patient demographics on ED patient experiences. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study at a university-based ED from July to December 2017. We obtained ED patient experience scores from an institutional version (IS) survey and the Press Ganey Associates-distributed survey (PGA). We compared top box scores from the two reports using frequency analysis and performed multivariable logistic regressions to identify associations between IS patient demographics and scores. RESULTS: We obtained 289 PGA and 234 IS responses. The IS reported signifi cant, higher top box scores in doctor-specifi c patient questions compared to PGA (all four P-values < 0.01). Female, Christian and White patients were more likely to give top box scores (OR 3.07, OR 2.22 and OR 2.41, P-value < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: We found significant differences in ED patient experience scores between the IS and PGA surveys. We recommend that healthcare providers consider patient demographic variables when interpreting ED experience score reports. Multiple survey techniques and distribution methods may be adopted to best capture ED patient experiences.

关键词： Patient experience Emergency department Patient satisfaction Press Ganey Survey methodology

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Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma in children: a benign vascular tumor with multiple treatment options

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第4期14卷 322-329页

作者： Irene Schmid Anne K.Klenk Monika Sparber-Sauer Ewa Koscielniak Rebecca maxwell Beate Haberle Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Dr.von Hauner Children’s HospitalLudwig-Maximilians University of MunichLMULindwurmstr.480337 MunichGermany Klinikum Stuttgart-Olgahospital Stuttgart Cancer CenterZentrum fur Kinder-Jugend-und FrauenmedizinPediatrics 5(OncologyHematologyImmunology)StuttgartGermany Department of P ediatric Hematology and Oncology Children’s HospitalTubingenGermany Pediatric Surgery Dr.von Hauner Childen’s HospitalLudwig-Maximilians University of Munic hMunichGermany

Background Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor affecting infants and young children. Although benign, it can be associated with an aggressive locally growing tumor and/or a life-threatening Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP). To date, only reviews of limited cases have been performed. We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive literature search to collect relevant data and make recommendations for future treatment trials. Methods Review of the available literature between 1993 and 2017 revealed a total of 105 publications involving 215 patients of less than 21 years of age. To this, we added 12 from our department and 4 from the Cooperative Weichteilsarkomstudie database. Results We found that KMP was present in 79% of the infants, in 47% of the 1–5-year olds, in 43% of the 6–12-year olds, and in 10% of the 13–21-year-old patients. KMP was present in nearly all (94%) patients with retroperitoneal tumors and in all patients with extra-regional tumors. The median size of a KHE without KMP was 12 cm2 as compared to 49 cm2 when associated with a KMP. With complete (not further classifiable if R0 or R1) resection, all patients were cured. If inoperable, response regarding KMP/regression of tumor size was seen in 29/28% with steroid-, 47/39% with vincristine-, 44/43% with interferon alpha-, 65/61% with anti-platelet agents-, and in 97/100% with sirolimus-containing therapies. Conclusions Patients with progressive KHE should undergo resection whenever it is considered a safe option. If inoperable, sirolimus should be the first choice for treating KMP and reducing tumor size.

关键词： Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon Pediatric

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Accuracy of common stem volume formulae using terrestrial photogrammetric point clouds:a case study with savanna trees in Benin

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2415-2422页

作者： Hospice A.Akpo Gilbert Atindogbe maxwell C.Obiakara Arios B.Adjinanoukon Madai Gbedolo Noel H.Fonton Laboratoire d’Etudes et de Recherche en Statistiques et Biométrie Appliquee FSAUniversite D’Abomey-Calavi01 BP 526CotonouBenin Ecology Unity Department of BotanyUniversity of IbadanIbadan 20084Nigeria

Recent applications of digital photogrammetry in forestry have highlighted its utility as a viable mensuration ***,in tropical regions little research has been done on the accuracy of this approach for stem volume *** this study,the performance of Structure from Motion photogrammetry for estimating individual tree stem volume in relation to traditional approaches was *** selected 30 trees from five savanna species growing at the periphery of the W National Park in northern Benin and measured their circumferences at different heights using traditional tape and *** volumes of sample trees were estimated from the measured circumferences using nine volumetric formulae for solids of revolution,including cylinder,cone,paraboloid,neiloid and their respective *** tree was photographed and stem volume determined using a taper function derived from tri-dimensional stem *** reference volume was compared with the results of formulaic *** stem profiles were further decomposed into different portions,approximately corresponding to the stump,butt logs and logs,and the suitability of each solid of revolution was assessed for simulating the resulting *** volumes calculated using the fustrums of paraboloid and neiloid formulae were the closest to reference volumes with a bias and root mean square error of 8.0%and 24.4%,*** closely resembled fustrums of a paraboloid and a *** stem portions assumed different solids as follows:fustrums of paraboloid and neiloid were more prevalent from the stump to breast height,while a paraboloid closely matched stem shapes beyond this ***,a more accurate stem volumetric estimate was attained when stems were considered as a composite of at least three geometric solids.

关键词： Structure from motion photogrammetry Point cloud data Stem volume Savanna species Benin

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Spatially resolved and multiplexed MicroRNA quantification from tissue using nanoliter well arrays

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1007-1015页

作者： maxwell B.Nagarajan Augusto M.Tentori Wen Cai Zhang Frank J.Slack Patrick S.Doyle Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine Department of PathologyHarvard Medical SchoolBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMA 02215USA

Spatially resolved gene expression patterns are emerging as a key component of medical studies,including companion diagnostics,but technologies for quantification and multiplexing are *** present a method to perform spatially resolved and multiplexed microRNA(miRNA)measurements from formalin-fixed,paraffin-embedded(FFPE)*** nanoliter well arrays to pixelate the tissue section and photopatterned hydrogels to quantify miRNA,we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in tumors from a genetically engineered mouse model for non-small cell lung cancer(K-ras&(LSL-G12D/+);p53^(fl/fl)).This technology could be used to quantify heterogeneities in tissue samples and lead to informed,biomarker-based diagnostics.

关键词： resolved Spatial lung

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Important considerations for the older patients

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2010年第12期2卷 388-396页

作者： maxwell M Chait Hartsdale Medical Group Hartsdale

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the most common upper gastrointestinal disorder seen in the elderly. The worldwide incidence of GERD is increasing as the incidence of Helicobacter pylori is decreasing. Although elderly patients with GERD have fewer symptoms, their disease is more often severe. They have more esophageal and extraesophageal complications that may be potentially life threatening. Esophageal complications include erosive esophagitis, esophageal stricture, Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Extraesophageal complications include atypical chest pain that can simulate angina pectoris; ear, nose, and throat manifestations such as globus sensation, laryngitis, and dental problems; pulmonary problems such as chronic cough, asthma, and pulmonary aspiration. A more aggressive approach may be warranted in the elderly patient, because of the higher incidence of severe complications. Although the evaluation and management of GERD are generally the same in elderly patients as for all adults, there are specific issues of causation, evaluation and treatment that must be considered when dealing with the elderly.

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Older patient Elderly

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Treating refractory depression in parkinson’s disease:a meta-analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2018年第1期7卷 75-80页

作者： Alexandra M.Lesenskyj Megan P.Samples Jill M.Farmer Christina R.maxwell Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine StratfordNJ 08048USA Drexel Neurosciences Institute 245 N 15th Street ms 423PhiladelphiaPA 19102USA

Background:parkinson’s disease(PD)is often accompanied by clinically identified *** effective pharmacotherapies that concomitantly treat both motor and psychological symptoms can pose a challenge to *** this reason,alternatives to standard anti-depressant treatments,such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS),have been evaluated within the parkinson’s ***:A literature search was conducted on the PubMed database for all studies that evaluated rTMS as a treatment in patients with both depression and PD.A meta-analysis was performed on all studies that reported mean pre-and post-rTMS depression inventory *** used depression inventories included both self-report and clinician-administered *** size for individual study groups and across all studies was ***:Six of 7 studies meeting inclusion criteria reported significantly improved depression scores,large effect sizes,and significant *** weighted average effect size was calculated at 1.32 across all study groups that applied ***:Across all but one study,rTMS appears to effectively reduce depression scores among self-reported and clinician administered *** total weight average effect size showed that,when considering study sample sizes and degree of findings,this form of neurostimulation can relieve PD patients of their depressive ***,rTMS is a promising alternative to traditional anti-depressant therapies when treating refractory depression in patients with PD.

关键词： parkinson’s disease Depression Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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Lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2010年第5期2卷 147-154页

作者： maxwell M Chait The Hartsdale Medical Group 180 East Hartsdale AvenueHartsdaleNew YorkNY 10530United States

Lower gastrointestinal bleeding(LGIB) is an important worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality in the *** incidence of LGIB increases with age and corresponds to the increased incidence of specific gastrointestinal diseases that have worldwide regional variation,co-morbid diseases and *** evaluation and treatment of patients is adjusted to the rate and severity of hemorrhage and the clinical status of the patient and may be complicated by the presence of visual,auditory and cognitive impairment due to age and co-morbid *** may be chronic and mild or severe and life threatening,requiring endoscopic,radiologic or surgical *** provides the best method for evaluation and treatment of patients with *** will be a successful outcome of LGIB in the majority of elderly patients with appropriate evaluation and management.

关键词： Lower gastrointestinal bleeding Lower gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage Colonic hemorrhage Colonic bleeding Elderly

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Improvement of Rice Production under Drought Conditions in West Africa:Application of QTLs in Breeding for Drought Resistance

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Rice science 2022年第6期29卷 512-521页

作者： Kossi Lorimpo ADJAH maxwell Darko ASANTE Aboubacar TOURE Mawuli AZIADEKEY Francis Osei AMOAKO-ANDOH Michael FREI Yacouba DIALLO Komi AGBOKA West African Science Service Center on Climate Change and Adapted Land Use/Climate Change and Agriculture Program IPR/IFRAP.O.Box 224KatibougouMali Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute P.O.Box 3785Fumesua-KumasiGhana University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako(USTTB)P.O.Box 423BamakoMali International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics P.O.Box 320BamakoMali University of Lomé(UL) P.O.Box 1515LoméTogo Institute for Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen Giessen 35392Germany Polytechnic Rural Institute of Training and Applied Research(IPR/IFRA) P.O.Box 224KatibougouMali Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-College of Science and Technology Department of Plant Resources DevelopmentP.O.Box 3785Fumesua-KumasiGhana

Rice plays a paramount role in food and nutrition security in many West African *** the doubling of production during the last decade,rice consumption has grown faster,creating a deficit between the demand and *** the West African sub-region remains the main rice-producing centre on the continent,production is severely hampered by biotic and abiotic *** is one of the factors that most severely reduce grain yields of *** of production need to be established in order to mitigate yield loss as a result of *** review discusses the effects of drought on rice production in West Africa and its mitigation with an emphasis on the improvement of tolerance to drought *** stability can be achieved by developing drought-tolerant varieties through several processes encompassing profiling of known QTLs and identification of new ones,marker-assisted selection,genomic selection,and extensive multi-locational yield *** suggest a comprehensive strategy for breeding drought-tolerant rice varieties in West Africa.

关键词： West Africa rice drought-tolerant variety QTL high-throughput genotyping

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