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中国肺癌杂志 2005年第4期8卷 274-278页

作者：杨玲李连弟陈育德 donald maxwell parkin 全国肿瘤防治研究办公室北京100021 卫生部卫生信息中心北京大学公共卫生学院100083 国际癌症登记协会英国牛津大学UK Oxford OX26HE

背景与目的利用我国现有相对较完善的肺癌发病死亡资料,描述中国肺癌死亡趋势,并估计和预测2000年及2005年的肺癌发病与死亡状况,以期对我国肺癌临床、基础研究及防治策略制定提供依据及参考.方法利用Joinpoint模型对卫生部上报WHO的中... 详细信息

背景与目的利用我国现有相对较完善的肺癌发病死亡资料,描述中国肺癌死亡趋势,并估计和预测2000年及2005年的肺癌发病与死亡状况,以期对我国肺癌临床、基础研究及防治策略制定提供依据及参考.方法利用Joinpoint模型对卫生部上报WHO的中国1987～1999年肺癌死亡数据进行趋势分析,结合我国1990～1992年第二次全死因调查结果及我国入选第八卷中肿瘤登记处的肺癌发病死亡数据,采用对数线性模型(基于Poisson分布),估计并预测2000年及2005年中国肺癌的发病、死亡状况.结果我国肺癌年龄调整死亡率总体呈上升趋势,尤以农村明显(男性年均上升2.7%,女性上升3.6%,均有统计学意义)且各年龄段(15岁以上)均呈不同程度上升趋势.自2000年至2005年,我国肺癌的死亡人数将增加10.1万(自2000年的32.7万增至2005年的42.8万),发病人数将增加11.6万(自2000年的38.1万增至2005年的49.7万).结论由于肺癌危险因素变化及人口增长、老龄化的双重作用,肺癌已成为中国近年来最常见、增幅最大的恶性肿瘤之一,其预防与控制将成为未来中国肿瘤控制计划制定和实施的重点之一,而控制烟草无疑成为其关键.

关键词：肺肿瘤发病死亡趋势预测

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东亚地区癌症负担和预防策略

肿瘤 2008年第5期28卷 410-414页

作者：蔡琳 GOLDSTEIN Binh Yang parkin donald maxwell 张作风福建医科大学流行病学教研室福州350004 美国加利福尼亚州大学洛杉矶分校公共卫生学院流行病学系 CA90095 牛津大学Radcliffe医院临床试验与流行病学研究室 Oxford OX2 6HE英国

目的:探讨东亚地区当前的癌症负担、危险因素、预防和控制策略。方法:应用全球癌症数据库和5大洲癌症发病资料,利用发病率、死亡率和患病率指标估计东亚地区的癌症负担,分析主要癌症的预防策略。结果:东亚地区癌症的年新发病例数为280万... 详细信息

目的:探讨东亚地区当前的癌症负担、危险因素、预防和控制策略。方法:应用全球癌症数据库和5大洲癌症发病资料,利用发病率、死亡率和患病率指标估计东亚地区的癌症负担,分析主要癌症的预防策略。结果:东亚地区癌症的年新发病例数为280万,死亡病例200多万,现患病例490万。最常见的5种癌症是胃癌、肺癌、肝癌、食管癌和结直肠癌,占东亚地区癌症年新发病例数的68%(分别占癌症年新发病例数的18.7%、16.9%、14.2%、9.4%和9.1%)。预计2050年的癌症新发病例数将达600万,死亡病例450万。结论:癌症是目前和今后东亚地区面临的严重公共卫生问题,必须贯彻以预防为主的方针。

关键词：肿瘤患病代价危险因素综合预防远东

Contribution of astrocytes to the neurovascular elimination of tau

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2559-2560页

作者： maxwell Eisenbaum Corbin Bachmeier The Roskamp Institute SarasotaFLUSA Bay Pines VA Healthcare System Bay PinesFLUSA

Tauopathies encompass a collection of chronic,progressive neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD),chronic traumatic encephalopathy,and corticobasal degeneration,characterized by the accumulation o... 详细信息

关键词： tau degeneration

Von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor pathways&corresponding therapeutics in kidney cancer

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2021年第7期48卷 552-559页

作者： maxwell Shulman Rachel Shi Qing Zhang Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA

The identification and application of the Von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)gene is a seminal breakthrough in kidney cancer *** and its protein p VHL are the root cause of most kidney cancers,and the cascading pathway below them is crucial for understanding hypoxia,in addition to the aforementioned tumorigenesis routes and *** reviewed the history and functions of VHL/pVHL and Hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF),their well-known activities under low-oxygen environments as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and as a transcription factor,respectively,as well as their non-canonical functions revealed ***,we discussed how their dysregulation promotes tumorigenesis:beginning with chromosome 3 p-arm(3p)loss/epigenetic methylation,followed by two-allele knockout,before the loss of complimentary tumor suppressor genes leads cells down predictable oncological *** different pathways can ultimately determine the grade,outcome,and severity of the deadliest genitourinary *** finished by investigating current and proposed schemes to therapeutically treat clear cell renal cell carcinoma(cc RCC)by manipulating the hypoxic pathway utilizing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor(VEGF)inhibitors,mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)inhibitors,small molecule HIF inhibitors,immune checkpoint blockade therapy,and synthetic lethality.

关键词： VHL HIF ccRCC Kidney cancer Hypoxia

The assessment of heavy metal pollution in river sands of Jalingo,Nigeria using magnetic proxy parameters,pollution,and ecotoxicological indices

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Acta Geochimica 2022年第6期41卷 1083-1103页

作者： maxwell O.Kanu Augustine A.Abong Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceTaraba State UniversityP.M.B.1167JalingoTaraba StateNigeria Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceCross River University of TechnologyP.M.B.1123CalabarNigeria

The measurement of environmental magnetic properties and metal contents of sands from Nukkai(NKR),Mayo-Gwoi(RMYG)and Lamurde(LR)rivers located in Jalingo,Nigeria are *** seek to determine the extent of anthropogenic impact on the river sands using magnetic-proxy-parameters,pollution and ecotoxicological indices and multivariate *** of magnetic susceptibilityχ,frequency-dependentsusceptibilityχfd%,anhystericremanent magnetization,isothernal remanent magnetization and X-ray fluorescence were *** average values of theχ(in×10^(-8)m^(3)kg^(-1))were 24.53,12.76 and 39.27 for NKR,RMYG and LR sites respectively,implying that the magnetic minerals in the sands were mostly *** meanχfd%value of 2.64%,4.85%and 3.53%for NKR,RMYG and LR respectively suggest that the study area was dominated by multi-domain magnetic grain *** value of the S-ratio is~1 in all river samples,suggesting that low coercivity magnetic minerals(e.g.,magnetite)dominated the *** mean concentrations of Ti,Zr,Sn,Ba and Pb were higher than the background values in the studied *** the estimated pollution indices puts the level of pollution of the river sands between low and moderate pollution with Sn,Ba and Pb as the elements of *** sources of metal contents such as fertilizers,pesticides,waste dumps and vehicular sources *** *** positive correlations between magnetic parameters(particularly,SIRM)and some heavy metals and pollution/ecotoxicological indices were obtained,showing that magnetic methods could be used as a geochemical proxy for pollution assessment.

关键词： Magnetic susceptibility Ecotoxicological risk index Pollution index Heavy metals pollution River

Skin tribology in sport

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Biosurface and Biotribology 2021年第3期7卷 113-118页

作者： maxwell James MacFarlane Peter Theobald Medical Engineering Research Group School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityCardiffUK

This review describes the principles of skin friction and wear for the benefit of sports scientists,engineers and *** exhibits complex behaviour,defying tribological laws for dry contact;hence,its friction and wear characteristics are affected by sliding speed,normal load,and contact *** sports seek to increase skin friction to enhance performance;however,this needs to be offset against injury risk given that skin abrades when slid across a rough and hard surface,delaminates when slid across a smooth and hard surface,and chafes or blisters when repeatedly rubbed against some *** skin interactions can both define and hinder athlete performance,there exists a need to better understand skin biomechanics to optimise the balance of risk versus reward.

关键词： friction wear Skin

Numerical Research on Effect of Sudden Cross-Section Expansion on Detonation Initiation

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1575-1590页

作者： JIA Xiongbin ZHAO Ningbo maxwell Brian CHEN Xiang ZHENG Hongtao College of Power and Energy Engineering Harbin Engineering UniversityHarbin150001China Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland44106USA

Numerical simulation has been performed to investigate the DDT(Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition)mechanism by solving fully compressible reactive flow for hydrogen/air mixtures in tube with sudden cross-section *** results reveal the acceleration action of abrupt cross-section on DDT,which is validated by comparing the run up distance and time with corresponding long annular tube and single *** discussion of flow field variations finds that the DDT process in cross-section abrupt tube can be divided into three stages(flame acceleration,transition to detonation,and detonation propagation stages respectively)according to different flame ***,it is found that formation of vortex could accelerate DDT by promoting turbulent mixing of hot products and cold *** comparative analysis on DDT characteristics of cross-section abrupt tube with different annular gap lengths shows that different mechanisms dominate in the single tube *** conclusions in present study support the cross-section abrupt tube as a means to enhance DDT and provide an alternative potential in practical pre-detonation initiator and pulse detonation engine applications.

关键词： deflagration to detonation transition numerical simulation cross-section abrupt tube turbulent mixing flame acceleration

Data-driven Bayesian model-based prediction of fatigue crack nucleation in Ni-based superalloys

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 354-368页

作者： maxwell Pinz George Weber Jean Charles Stinville Tresa Pollock Somnath Ghosh Civil&Systems Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106USA Departments of Civil&Systems Engineering Mechanical Engineeringand Materials Science&EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA

This paper develops a Bayesian inference-based probabilistic crack nucleation model for the Ni-based superalloy René88DT under fatigue loading.A data-driven,machine learning approach is developed,identifying underlying mechanisms driving crack *** experimental set of fatigue-loaded microstructures is characterized near crack nucleation sites using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction images for correlating the grain morphology and crystallography to the location of crack nucleation sites.A concurrent multiscale model,embedding experimental polycrystalline microstructural representative volume elements(RVEs)in a homogenized material,is developed for fatigue *** RVE domain is modeled by a crystal plasticity finite element *** anisotropic continuum plasticity model,obtained by homogenization of the crystal plasticity model,is used for the exterior domain.A Bayesian classification method is introduced to optimally select informative state variable predictors of crack *** this principal set of state variables,a simple scalar crack nucleation indicator is formulated.

关键词： crack fatigue superalloy

Three-dimensional distinct element modeling of fault reactivation and induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing injection and backflow

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第4期12卷 752-767页

作者： Zirui Yin Hongwei Huang Fengshou Zhang Lianyang Zhang Shawn maxwell Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Geotechnical Engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai200092China Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering and Mechanics University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85721USA MaxSeis LLC. CalgaryAlbertaT2P 3N9Canada

This paper presents a three-dimensional fully hydro-mechanical coupled distinct element study on fault reactivation and induced seismicity due to hydraulic fracturing injection and subsequent backflow process,based on the geological data in Horn River Basin,Northeast British Columbia,*** modeling results indicate that the maximum magnitude of seismic events appears at the fracturing *** increment of fluid volume in the fault determines the cumulative moment and maximum fault slippage,both of which are essentially proportional to the fluid *** backflow starts,the fluid near the joint intersection keeps flowing into the critically stressed fault,rather than backflows to the *** fault slippage is affected by the changes of both pore pressure and ambient rock stress,their contributions are different at fracturing and backflow *** fracturing stage,pore pressure change shows a dominant effect on induced fault *** at backflow stage,because the fault plane is under a critical stress state,any minor disturbance would trigger a fault *** energy analysis indicates that aseismic deformation takes up a majority of the total deformation energy during hydraulic fracturing.A common regularity is found in both fracturing-and backflow-induced seismicity that the cumulative moment and maximum fault slippage are nearly proportional to the injected fluid *** study shows some novel insights into interpreting fracturing-and backflowinduced seismicity,and provides useful information for controlling and mitigating seismic hazards due to hydraulic fracturing.

关键词： Induced seismicity Fault reactivation Hydraulic fracturing Backflow Geomechanical modeling Distinct element method