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Neurocognitive outcomes in pediatric brain tumors after treatment with proton versus photon radiation:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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World j.urnal of Pediatrics 2023年第8期19卷 727-740页

作者： Álvaro Lassaletta j.vier S.Morales Pedro L.Valenzuela Borj. Esteso Lisa S.Kahalley donald j.Mabbott Soumya Unnikrishnan Elena Panizo Felipe Calvo Radiation Oncology Department Clínica Universidad de NavarraCalle Marquesado de Santa Marta 128027 MadridSpain Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Unit Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño JesúsMadridSpain MOVE-IT Research Group Department of Physical EducationFaculty of Education SciencesUniversity of CadizCádizSpain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz(INiBICA)Research Unit Puerta del Mar University HospitalUniversity of CádizCádizSpain Physical Activity and Health Research Group(PaHerg) Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre(‘imas12’)MadridSpain Systems Biology Department University of AlcaláMadridSpain Clinical Neuropsychology Unit Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology DepartmentHospital Infantil Universitario Niño JesúsMadridSpain Baylor College of Medicine HoustonTXUSA Texas Children’s Hospital HoustonTXUSA The Hospital for Sick Children TorontoONCanada The University of Toronto TorontoONCanada University of California School of Medicine San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Background Advances in cancer treatments,particularly the development of radiation therapy,have led to improvements in survival outcomes in children with brain ***,radiation therapy is associated with significant long-term neurocognitive *** present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the neurocognitive outcomes of children and adolescents with brain tumors treated with photon radiation(XRT)or proton therapy(PBRT).Methods A systematic search was conducted(PubMed,Embase,Cochrane,and Web of Science from inception until 02/01/2022)for studies comparing the neurocognitive outcomes of children and adolescents with brain tumors treated with XRT *** pooled mean differences(expressed as Z scores)were calculated using a random effects method for those endpoints analyzed by a minimum of three *** Totally 10 studies(n=630 patients,average age range:1–20 years)met the inclusion *** who had received PBRT achieved significantly higher scores(difference in Z scores ranging from 0.29–0.75,all P0.05 in main analyses or sensitivity analyses)were found for nonverbal memory,verbal working memory and working memory index,processing speed index,or focused *** Pediatric brain tumor patients who receive PBRT achieve significantly higher scores on most neurocognitive outcomes than those who receive *** studies with long-term follow-ups are needed to confirm these results.

关键词： Brain health Childhood cancer Intelligence quotient Radiotherapy

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资源定量评价发展方向展望

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地球科学（中国地质大学学报） 2001年第2期26卷 152-156页

作者： donald A.Singer 美国地质调查所

未来的资源定量评价希望能够评估未发现矿产资源的量、价值并对其进行定位预测 ,以能够表达矿产资源的经济潜力和不确定性 .近年来金属价格的长期下跌提出了对更大型的矿床的需求 .敏感度分析表明了减少评价中不确定性和风险的最有效途... 详细信息

未来的资源定量评价希望能够评估未发现矿产资源的量、价值并对其进行定位预测 ,以能够表达矿产资源的经济潜力和不确定性 .近年来金属价格的长期下跌提出了对更大型的矿床的需求 .敏感度分析表明了减少评价中不确定性和风险的最有效途径是降低有关吨位估计因素的不确定性 .到目前为止 ,在评价中所有可能造成误差的因素中 ,那些与吨位估计误差有关的因素是最重要的 .鉴于吨位模型的绝对重要地位以及矿床模型是吨位最有效的预测手段 ,正确地选择矿床模型是控制误差最重要的途径 .地表大部分地区被大面积裸露的岩石和沉积物所覆盖 .由于很多出露地表的矿床已经被发现 ,人们开始把注意力转向盖层下面岩石可能显露的矿化信息上 .这些区域的资源评价必需依靠对其周边地区的外推、地下覆盖岩石新的地质填图或者通过在其他成功勘探区获得的经验进行类推 .盖层对评价的不确定性以及评价的方法与程序都具有深远的影响 ,因为地下地质现象的不可见性和地球物理方法所获得的是一种被削弱了的信息 .许多早期的评价方法都是基于从那些出露地表的矿床中总结出的地球化学和地球物理变量之间的关系而进行的 ,而现在我们同样需要研究基于地下隐伏矿床的勘探经验 .矿床模型在资源定量评价中的重要地位基于以下两个原因 :(1)

关键词：矿床模型品位-吨位模型经济模型勘查风险矿产资源资源定量评价

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Evaluation of percutaneous permeation of repellent DEET and sunscreen oxybenzone from emulsion-based formulations in artificial membrane and human skin

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2014年第1期4卷 43-51页

作者： Tao Wang donald Miller Frank Burczynski Xiaochen Gu Faculty of Pharmacy University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3E 0T5Canada Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of ManitobaWinnipegManitoba R3E 0T5Canada

Insect repellent DEET and sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone play an essential role in minimizing vector-borne diseases and skin *** purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emulsion type,addition of thickening agent and droplet size in three emulsion-based lotions on percutaneous permeation of DEET and oxybenzone using in vitro diffusion experiments,in order to minimize overall systemic permeation of the *** C(water-in-oil emulsion)significantly increased overall permeation of DEET through human skin(56%)compared to Formulation A(oil-in-water emulsion).Formulation B(oil-in-water emulsion with thickening agent xanthan gum)significantly decreased the size of oil droplet containing DEET(16%),but no effect on oil droplets containing *** xanthan gum also increased overall permeation of DEET and oxybenzone(21%and 150%)when compared to Formulation A;presence of both ingredients in Formulation B further increased their permeation(36%and 23%)in comparison to its single *** permeation of oxybenzone through LDPE was significantly higher by 26%-628%than that through human skin;overall permeation of DEET through human skin was significantly higher by 64%-338%than that through LDPE.

关键词： Diffusion Human skin Artificial membrane Permeability Concurrent use Insect repellent Sunscreen

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Sediment transport simulation and design optimization of a novel marsh shoreline protection technology using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling

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International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2022年第1期37卷 14-25页

作者： Salman Saki Grant Besse Peng Yin Daniel Gang donald Hayes Department of Civil Engineering University of Louisiana at Lafayette University of Texas at San Antonio U.S.Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)

Coastal Louisiana has the nation’s most fragile and valuable wetlands,whose loss represents 80% of the total losses in the United *** severely restricted mobility of conventional shoreline protection structures makes them impossible to be *** Wave Suppression and Sediment Collection(WSSC) system is a novel technology of high mobility and compatible with existing shoreline protection *** laboratory studies on WSSC showed great potential for wave reduction and sediment *** current study aimed to optimize the design parameters of WSSC using a validated computational model.A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated using experimental data from the previous laboratory ***,a parametric analysis was conducted with a focus on the performance optimization of wave reduction and sediment collection with respect to pipe diameter and face *** results showed that the wave reduction efficiency decreased with increasing pipe diameter and face *** contrast,the sediment transport efficiency was enhanced by increasing pipe diameter but was not affected significantly by varying face slopes.

关键词： Breakwaters Computational fluid dynamics Sediment transport Shoreline protection Coastal engineering ANSYS FLUENT

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面向21世纪的数据库技术

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软件工程师 2000年第1期 43-44页

作者： donald j. Haderle IBM数据库技术部

我们正在走向21世纪,数据库技术也在走向21世纪。那么,未来的数据库会有哪些新的发展呢? 当我们向前发展时,用户对数据库信息的实时需求正越来越强烈。我们面临的首要问题是:关系型数据库能否充分解决在线事务处理(OLTP)的应用?

关键词：数据库事务处理信息需求关系数据库

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Reinforcement learning for whole-building HVAC control and demand response

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Energy and AI 2020年第2期2卷 15-32页

作者： donald Azuatalam Wee-Lih Lee Frits de Nij. Ariel Liebman Department of Data Science and AI Faculty of ITMonash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Monash eResearch Centre Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Monash Energy Institute Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia

This paper proposes a novel reinforcement learning(RL)architecture for the efficient scheduling and control of the heating,ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)system in a commercial building while harnessing its de-mand response(DR)*** advances in automated building management systems,this can be achieved seamlessly by a smart autonomous RL agent which takes the best action,for example,a change in HVAC temper-ature set point,necessary to change the electricity usage pattern of a building in response to demand response signals,and with minimal thermal comfort impact to *** research in this area has tackled only individual aspects of the problem using ***,due to the challenges in implementing demand response with whole-building models,simpler analytical models which poorly capture reality have been used *** where whole-building models are applied,RL is used for HVAC control mainly to achieve energy efficiency goals while demand response is ***,in this research,we implement a holistic framework by designing an efficient RL controller for a whole-building model which learns to optimise and control the HVAC system for improved energy efficiency and thermal comfort levels in addition to achieving demand response *** simulation results show that by applying reinforcement learning for normal HVAC operation,a maximum weekly energy reduction of up to 22%can be achieved compared to a handcrafted baseline ***,by employing a DR-aware RL controller during demand response periods,average power reductions or increases of up to 50%can be achieved on a weekly basis compared to the default RL controller,while keeping occupant thermal comfort levels within acceptable bounds.

关键词： Demand response Reinforcement learning Whole-building HVAC control Distributed energy resources Optimal HVAC energy scheduling

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Direct numerical simulation of matrix diffusion across fracture/matrix interface

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Water Science and Engineering 2013年第4期6卷 365-379页

作者： Yong ZHANG Eric M.LABOLLE donald M.REEVES Charles RUSSELL Division of Hydrologic Sciences Desert Research Institute Department of Land Airand Water ResourcesUniversity of California

Accurate descriptions of matrix diffusion across the fracture/matrix interface are critical to assessing contaminant migration in fractured media. The classical transfer probability method is only applicable for relatively large diffusion coefficients and small fracture spacings, due to an intrinsic assumption of an equilibrium concentration profile in the matrix blocks. Motivated and required by practical applications, we propose a direct numerical simulation （DNS） approach without any empirical assumptions. A three-step Lagrangian algorithm was developed and validated to directly track the particle dynamics across the fracture/matrix interface, where particle＇s diffusive displacement across the discontinuity is controlled by an analytical, one-side reflection probability. Numerical experiments show that the DNS approach is especially efficient for small diffusion coefficients and large fracture spacings, alleviating limitations of the classical modeling approach.

关键词： Key words: fracture matrix interface direct numerical simulation transfer probability Lagrangian algorithm

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Remote Sensing of Selected Winter and Spring Host Plants of Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) and Herbicide Use Strategies as a Management Tactic

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2015年第8期6卷 1313-1327页

作者： donald L. Sudbrink Steven j. Thomson Reginald S. Fletcher F. Aubrey Harris Patrick j. English j.mes T. Robbins Austin Peay State University Department of Agriculture Clarksville USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Crop Production Systems Research Unit Stoneville USA Delta Research and Extension Center Mississippi State University Stoneville USA

Remote sensing was used in a series of experiments over a three-year period to obtain spectral reflectance data for studying differences in vegetation indices between grasses, broadleaf plants, and grass/broadleaf plant mixtures. Selected non-crop winter and spring host plants of tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, were planted in field-plot experiments. Multispectral reflectance data were aerially acquired with both a Real-Time Digital Airborne Camera System (RDACS) sensor and Geospatial Systems (Duncan Tech) MS-2100 multispectral camera. The following six vegetation indices of spectral reflectance were evaluated in this study: normalized difference vegetation index, ratio vegetation index, green normalized difference vegetation index, green vegetation index, green ratio vegetation index, and Ashburn vegetation index. Vegetation indices calculated with imagery data for the grasses and broadleaves differed significantly;there appeared to be more discriminating differences between vegetation indices for grasses and broadleaf plants when the indices were based on a combination of green and near infrared or green and red spectral bands than when the indices were based on red and near infrared spectral bands. Insect data from these studies confirm that tarnished plant bug prefers broadleaf host plants, but can use Italian ryegrass for food and reproduction. The narrow temporal window of host suitability for Italian ryegrass may limit its significance. Herbicide destruction of broadleaf host plants in early spring prevented the tarnished plant bug population increases that occurred in untreated plots. Findings of this study would be useful in site-specific vegetation management decisions in programs such as the prototypical area-wide tarnished plant bug management experiment conducted in the Delta region of Mississippi.

关键词： Remote Sensing Vegetation Index Lygus lineolaris Area-Wide Management

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Alice in Wonderland

Alice in Wonderland

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作者： Lewis Carroll authoritative texts of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Through the Looking-Glass the Hunting of the Snark backgrounds criticism edited by donald j. Gray Indiana University.

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Comparison of esophageal capsule endoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy for diagnosis of esophageal varices

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4480-4485页

作者： Catherine T Frenette j.hn G Kuldau donald j.Hillebrand j.ll Lane Paul j.Pockros Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Scripps ClinicLa JollaCaliforniaSan Francisco 94115United States

AIM： To investigate the utility of esophageal capsule endoscopy in the diagnosis and grading of esophageal varices. METHODS： Cirrhotic patients who were undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy （EGD） for variceal screening or surveillance underwent capsule endoscopy. Two separate blinded investigators read each capsule endoscopy for the following results： variceal grade, need for treatment with variceal banding or prophylaxis with beta-blocker therapy, degree of portal hypertensive gastropathy, and gastric varices. RESULTS： Fifty patients underwent both capsule and EGD. Forty-eight patients had both procedures on the same day, and 2 patients had capsule endoscopy within 72 h of EGD. The accuracy of capsule endoscopy to decide on the need for prophylaxis was 74%, with sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 82%. Interrater agreement was moderate （kappa = 0.56）. Agreement between EGD and capsule endoscopy on grade of varices was 0.53 （moderate）. Inter-rater reliability was good （kappa = 0.77）. In diagnosis of portal hypertensive gastropathy, accuracy was 57%, with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 17%. Two patients had gastric varices seen on EGD, one of which was seen on capsule endoscopy. There were no complications from capsule endoscopy.CONCLUSION： We conclude that capsule endoscopy has a limited role in deciding which patients would benefit from EGD with banding or beta-blocker therapy. More data is needed to assess accuracy for staging esophageal varices, PHG, and the detection of gastric varices.

关键词： Esophageal varices Capsule endoscopy Portal hypertension

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