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The therapeutic potential of targeting exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate(Epac)for central nervous system trauma

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第3期16卷 460-469页

作者： Alba Guijarro-Belmar dominik Mateusz Domanski Xuenong Bo Derryck Shewan Wenlong Huang Institute of Medical Sciences School of MedicineMedical Sciences&NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK Center for Neuroscience Surgery and TraumaQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK Sainsbury Wellcome Centre University College LondonLondonUK

Millions of people worldwide are affected by traumatic spinal cord injury,which usually results in permanent sensorimotor *** to the spinal cord leads to a series of detrimental events including ischaemia,haemorrhage and neuroinflammation,which over time result in further neural tissue ***,at chronic stages of traumatic spinal cord injury,the formation of a glial scar,cystic cavitation and the presence of numerous inhibitory molecules act as physical and chemical barriers to axonal *** is further hindered by a lack of intrinsic regrowth ability of adult neurons in the central nervous *** intracellular signalling molecule,cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate(cAMP),is known to play many important roles in the central nervous system,and elevating its levels as shown to improve axonal regeneration outcomes following traumatic spinal cord injury in animal ***,therapies directly targeting cAMP have not found their way into the clinic,as cAMP is ubiquitously present in all cell types and its manipulation may have additional deleterious effects.A downstream effector of cAMP,exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2(Epac2),is mainly expressed in the adult central nervous system,and its activation has been shown to mediate the positive effects of cAMP on axonal guidance and ***,using ex vivo modelling of traumatic spinal cord injury,Epac2 activation was found to profoundly modulate the post-lesion environment,such as decreasing the activation of astrocytes and *** data with Epac2 activation also suggested functional improvement assessed by in vivo models of traumatic spinal cord ***,targeting Epac2 in traumatic spinal cord injury could represent a novel strategy in traumatic spinal cord injury repair,and future work is needed to fully establish its therapeutic potential.

关键词： astrocytes axonal regeneration cAMP central nervous system regeneration Epac glial scar microglia neuroinflammation neurons spinal cord spinal cord injury traumatic spinal cord injury

Ultrafast spectroscopy of semiconductor saturable absorber mirror

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Chinese Optics Letters 2010年第7期8卷 676-679页

作者：张靓 dominik Bauer Farina Knig Thomas Dekorsy 张喜和陈亚符 Department of Physics Changchun University of Science and Technology Department of Physics and Center of Applied Photonics University of Konstanz

Ultrafast spectroscopy of semiconductor saturable absorber mirror （SESAM） is measured using a femtosec- ond pump-probe experiment. This allows dynamic responses of SESAM in the cavity to be concluded by ultrafast spectroscopy. Change in reflection is measured as a function of pump-probe delay for different pump excitation fluences. Change of nonlinear reflection of SESAM is measured as a function of incident light energy density. When the excitation fluence increases, nonlinear change in ultrafast spectroscopy of SESAM becomes increasingly significant. When SESAM is pumped by an ultrahigh excitation fluence, the energy density of which is approximately 1400 μJ/cm2, two-photon absorption can be observed visibly in its ultrafast spectroscopy.

关键词： Dynamic response Light reflection Mirrors Probes Pumps Two photon processes

Tourist boom and rural revival-Case study of Klodzko Region(SW Poland)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 909-924页

作者： SZMYTKIE Robert LATOCHA Agnieszka SIKORSKI dominik TOMCZAK Przemyslaw KAJDANEK Katarzyna MIODONSKA Paulina Institute of Geography and Regional Development University of Wroclaw50-137 WroclawPoland Institute of Sociology University of Wroclaw51-149 WroclawPoland

Rural areas in the K?odzko Region were subject to a long-term depopulation,marginalization,and long-lasting socio-economic decline since the 19th *** recent years,however,the study area has been subject to a shift in socio-economic trends that show rural *** main goal of the research is to assess the actual role of tourism in socio-economic revival of rural areas in the K?odzko *** determine the dynamics of the tourism function development,statistical data were used and an inventory of tourism beds in accommodation facilities was *** results show that there was a substantial development of the tourism function in the study area and its most intense scale was noted in the depopulating villages,as evidenced by the increase in the numbers of tourism facilities and numbers of tourism ***,it can be concluded that the development of tourism contributed to the limitation of negative socioeconomic processes in the area and,in the case of some villages,even to the reversal of these trends,which might testify to the rural ***,the improvement of the socio-economic situation is visible also in the villages that do not have significant tourist values but are in the neighbourhood of tourism *** observation might be important for forecasting future development and planning of rural areas.

关键词： Rural revival Reviving village Tourism boom Economic recovery Marginal/peripheral areas

Vertical power flow forecast with LSTMs using regular training updatestrategies

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2022年第2期8卷 92-99页

作者： Katharina Brauns Christoph Scholz Alexander Schultz AndréBaier dominik Jost Fraunhofer IEE Königstor 5934119 KasselGermany

The strong growth of renewable energy sources as well as the increasing amount of volatile energy consumptionis leading to major challenges in the electrical grid. In order to ensure safety and reliability in the electricitygrid, a high quality of power flow forecasts for the next few hours are needed. In this paper we investigateforecasts of the vertical power flow at transformer between the medium and high voltage grid. Forecastingthe vertical power flow is challenging due to constantly changing characteristics of the power flow at thetransformer. We present a novel approach to deal with these challenges. For the multi step time series forecastsa Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) is used. In our presented approach an update process where the model isretrained regularly is investigated and compared to baseline models. The model is retrained as soon as asufficient amount of new measurements are available. We show that this retraining mostly captures changesin the characteristic of the transformer that the model has not yet seen in the past and therefore cannot bepredicted by the model without an update process. To give more weight to recent data, we examined differentstrategies in terms of the number of epochs and the learning rate. We show that our new approach significantlyoutperforms the investigated baseline models. On average, we achieved an improvement of about 8% with theregular update process compared to the approach without update process.

关键词： Vertical power flow Forecasting LSTM

Estimating tree and stand sapwood area in spatially heterogeneous southeastern Australian forests

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2016年第3期9卷 272-284页

作者： dominik Jaskierniak George Kuczera Richard G.Benyon Arko Lucieer Department of Ecosystem and Forest Science University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia School of Engineering University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South Wales 2308Australia School of Land and Food University of TasmaniaSandy BayTasmania 7005Australia

Aims Natural and anthropogenic changes in forests can have important influences on transpiration and water *** the effects of increasing disturbances,due for example to climate change and forest harvesting,requires detailed information on how forest density and structural attributes relate to *** annual transpiration of eucalypt forest communities is often strongly correlated with total cross-sectional sapwood *** aim was to test an efficient method for estimating sapwood area at_(1.3)m height(SA_(1.3))in a large number of trees to understand the spatial heterogeneity of tree and stand sapwood area within and between forest communities,and develop allometric relationships that predict SA_(1.3)with forest inventory *** also apply tree competition models to determine the degree to which the relationship between SA_(1.3)and tree basal area at_(1.3)m height(BABA_(1.3))is influenced by *** We visited 25 recently harvested southeastern Australian forest sites consisting of 1379 trees and 5 Eucalyptus species to evaluate a new efficient data collection method for estimating SA_(1.3)with tree taper and stump dimensions data using mixed effects *** locations of 784 stumps within one 5-ha site were accurately mapped using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),and four distance-dependent tree competition models were applied across the site to explain within-stand variation in the ratio of SA_(1.3)to BABA_(1.3).Data from 24 additional sites,consisting of ten 15 m radial plots per site,were used to analyse within-site variation in R_(Ha)(the ratio of stand sapwood area SA_(Ha)to stand basal area BABA_(Ha)).The radial plots were merged within each site to evaluate between-site variations in R_(Ha)across the *** predicting SA_(Ha)with forest inventory data,we computed the relationship between SA_(Ha)and a new index of total stem perimeter per hectare,defined as√BA_(Ha)N_(T),where N_(T)is tree stocking density.

关键词： forest hydrology stand sapwood area spatial heterogeneity tree competition overstorey transpiration forest inventory

Power flow forecasts at transmission grid nodes using Graph Neural Networks

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Energy and AI 2023年第4期14卷 189-200页

作者： dominik Beinert Clara Holzhuter Josephine M.Thomas Stephan Vogt Fraunhofer Institute for Energy Economics and Energy System Technology IEE Joseph-Beuys-Straße 8Kassel34117Germany Intelligent Embedded Systems Lab University of KasselWilhelmshöher Allee 73Kassel34121Germany

The increasing share of renewable energy in the electricity grid and progressing changes in power consumption have led to fluctuating,and weather-dependent power *** ensure grid stability,grid operators rely on power forecasts which are crucial for grid calculations and *** this paper,a Multi-Task Learning approach is combined with a Graph Neural Network(GNN)to predict vertical power flows at transformers connecting high and extra-high voltage *** proposed method accounts for local differences in power flow characteristics by using an Embedding Multi-Task Learning *** use of a Bayesian embedding to capture the latent node characteristics allows to share the weights across all transformers in the subsequent node-invariant GNN while still allowing the individual behavioral patterns of the transformers to be *** the same time,dependencies between transformers are considered by the GNN architecture which can learn relationships between different transformers and thus take into account that power flows in an electricity network are not independent from each *** effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through evaluation on two real-world data sets provided by two of four German Transmission System Operators,comprising large portions of the operated German transmission *** results show that the proposed Multi-Task Graph Neural Network is a suitable representation learner for electricity networks with a clear advantage provided by the preceding embedding *** is able to capture interconnections between correlated transformers and indeed improves the performance in power flow prediction compared to standard Neural Networks.A sign test shows that the proposed model reduces the test RMSE on both data sets compared to the benchmark models significantly.

关键词： Power flow forecasting Graph Neural Network Graph Convolutional Network Embedding Multi-Task Learning

Differential regulation of JAK/STAT-signaling in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第28期26卷 4055-4075页

作者： Friederike Cordes Dirk Foell John Nik Ding Georg Varga dominik Bettenworth Department of Medicine B Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Hospital MünsterMünster D-48149Germany Department of Pediatric Rheumatology and Immunology University Children’s Hospital MünsterMünster D-48149Germany Department of Gastroenterology St.Vincent’s HospitalMelbourne 3002Australia Department of Medicine University of MelbourneEast Melbourne 3002Australia

In 2018,the pan-Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitor tofacitinib was launched for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).Although tofacitinib has proven efficacious in patients with active UC,it failed in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD).This finding strongly hints at a different contribution of JAK signaling in both ***,we review the current knowledge on the interplay between the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)pathway and inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).In particular,we provide a detailed overview of the differences and similarities of JAK/STAT-signaling in UC and CD,highlight the impact of the JAK/STAT pathway in experimental colitis models and summarize the published evidence on JAK/STAT-signaling in immune cells of IBD as well as the genetic association between the JAK/STAT pathway and ***,we describe novel treatment strategies targeting JAK/STAT inhibition in UC and CD and comment on the limitations and challenges of the new drug class.

关键词： Janus kinase Signal transducer and activator of transcription JAK/STAT pathway Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease JAK/STAT inhibition Tofacitinib

Surface Geophysical Methods used to Verify the Karst Geological Structure in the Built-up Area:A Case Study of Specific Engineering-Geological Conditions

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第5期95卷 1763-1770页

作者： Rene PUTISKA Marian MARSCHALKO Isik YILMAZ dominik NIEMIEC CHENG Xianfeng Ivan DOSTAL Jan KUBAC Comenius University Faculty of Natural SciencesDepartment of Applied and Environmental GeophysicsIlkovičova 6BratislavaSlovakia VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Mining and GeologyInstitute of Geological Engineering17 listopadu1570833OstravaCzech Republic Cumhuriyet University Faculty of EngineeringDepartment of Geological Engineering58140 SivasTurkey Yunnan Land and Resources Vocational College Kunming 652501China

This article presents a research study of complex limestone karst engineering-geological conditions in the municipality Valaskanear Banska Bystrica in *** aim of the study is to demonstrate the impossibility of spatial identification of cave spaces using surface geophysical methods due to the specific engineering-geological conditions of a thick surface layer of anthropogenic fill containing highly heterogeneous anthropogenic *** maximum thickness is 3 *** specificific condition of the study area is its location in the built-up area,due to which the applicability of geophysical methods was *** article contains methodological recommendations to be used in analogous geological conditions with karst structures topped with anthropogenic fill,which complicates the identification of cave *** recommended solution herein is the identification of the cave system using underground mapping of the karst and its projection onto the surface for which surface geophysical methods have been combined.

关键词： karst engineering geology limestone dolomite anthropogenic fill complicated engineering-geological conditions geophysical study

The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Smaller stent diameters are required to optimize pressure response

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iLIVER 2023年第2期2卷 89-96页

作者： Martin Rossle dominik Bettinger Robert Thimme Michael Schultheiss Department of Medicine II Medical Center University of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany Berta-Ottenstein-Programme Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgGerman

Background and aims:The present treatment goal of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)is a portosystemic pressure gradient of12 mmHg or its reduction by>50%.This study relates the stent diameter to the reduction of the pressure gradient and attempts to predict the appropriate stent diameter necessary to reach the treatment ***:Pressure response,super response,and poor response were investigated in 208 de-novo TIPS patients and defined as post-TIPS gradients between>6 and 12 mmHg,6 mmHg,or not reaching the goal(>12 mmHg,reduction<50%),*** were related to the smallest stent diameters measured by planimetry of the radiographic ***:Responders(65%),super responders(26%),or poor responders(9%)had comparable stent diameters of 7.21.0 mm,but different post-TIPS gradients(9.71.9 mmHg,4.51.5 mmHg,and 14.21.4 mmHg,p<0.001),relative reduction of pre-TIPS gradients(51.711.4%,73.611.1%,and 34.09.1%,p<0.001),and specific reduction per mm of stent diameter(7.52.0%/mm,10.12.0%/mm,and 4.81.4%/mm,p<0.001).Prediction of the stent diameter required to reach response was not *** two super responders had a stent diameter of<6 *** and poor responders differed by the increase in the right atrial pressure(+5.0 mmHg vs.+3.1 mmHg,p=0.026)and reduction in the portal vein pressure(-8.6 mmHg vs.-4.6 mmHg,p<0.001).Conclusion:Most patients reached the treatment goal with stent diameters of<8 ***(super response,gradient ≤6 mmHg)can be prevented by stent diameters as small as 6 *** individual response was not related to the stent diameter and not *** dysfunction may play an important role by its effect on the right atrial(preload)and portal pressure(afterload).

关键词： Portal hypertension Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stentshunt TIPS Portosystemic pressure gradient Stent diameter Hepatic encephalopathy Cardiac function