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Diagnostic imaging advances in murine models of colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期22卷 996-1007页

作者： Markus Brückner Philipp Lenz Marcus M Mücke Faekah Gohar Peter Willeke Dirk Domagk dominik bettenworth Department of Medicine B University Hospital of MünsterAlbert-Schweitzer-Campus 1D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology University Hospital of MünsterAlbert-Schweitzer-Campus 1D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Medicine D University Hospital of MünsterAlbert-Schweitzer-Campus 1D-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Medicine I Josephs-Hospital WarendorfAcademic Teaching HospitalUniversity of MünsterAm Krankenhaus 2D-48231 WarendorfGermany

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic-remittent inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract still evoking challenging clinical diagnostic and therapeutic situations. Murine models of experimental colitis are a vital component of research into human IBD concerning questions of its complex pathogenesis or the evaluation of potential new drugs. To monitor the course of colitis, to the present day, classical parameters like histological tissue alterations or analysis of mucosal cytokine/chemokine expression often require euthanasia of animals. Recent advances mean revolutionary noninvasive imaging techniques for in vivo murine colitis diagnostics are increasingly available. These novel and emerging imaging techniques not only allow direct visualization of intestinal inflammation, but also enable molecular imaging and targeting of specific alterations of the inflamed murine mucosa. For the first time, in vivo imaging techniques allow for longitudinal examinations and evaluation of intra-individual therapeutic response. This review discusses the latest developments in the different fields of ultrasound, molecularly targeted contrast agent ultrasound, fluorescence endoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy as well as tomographic imaging with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and fluorescence-mediated tomography,discussing their individual limitations and potential future diagnostic applications in the management of human patients with IBD.

关键词： confocal laser endomicroscopy contrastenhanced ultrasound Dextran Sodium Sulphate colitis experimental colitis fluorescence imaging endoscopy Imaging Inflammatory bowel disease Tomography

Detection and characterization of murine colitis and carcinogenesis by molecularly targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第16期23卷 2899-2911页

作者： Markus Brückner Jan Heidemann Tobias M Nowacki Friederike Cordes Jorg Stypmann Philipp Lenz Faekah Gohar Andreas Lügering dominik bettenworth Department of Medicine B University Hospital of MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Gastroenterology Klinikum Bielefeld MitteAcademic Teaching HospitalUniversity of MünsterD-33604 BielefeldGermany Department of Cardiology and Angiology University Hospital of MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Palliative Care University Hospital of MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Department of Paediatric Rheumatology and Immunology University Hospital of MünsterD-48149 MünsterGermany Medical Care Center Portal 10 D-48155 MünsterGermany

AIM To study mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1(MAd CAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-targeted contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) for the assessment of murine colitis and carcinogenesis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were challenged with 3% dextran sodium-sulfate(DSS) for three, six or nine days to study the development of acute colitis. Ultrasound was performed with and without the addition of unspecific contrast agents. MAd CAM-1-targeted contrast agent was used to detect and quantify MAd CAM-1 expression. Inflammatory driven colorectal azoxymethane(AOM)/DSS-induced carcinogenesis was examined on day 42 and 84 using VEGF-targeted contrast agent. Highly specific tissue echogenicity was quantified using specialized software. Sonographic findings were correlated to tissue staining, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to quantify the degree of inflammation and stage of carcinogenesis. RESULTS Native ultrasound detected increased general bowel wall thickening that correlated with more progressed and more severe DSS-colitis(healthy mice: 0.3 mm ± 0.03 vs six days DSS: 0.5 mm ± 0.2 vs nine days DSS: 0.6 mm ± 0.2, P < 0.05). Moreover, these sonographic findings correlated well with clinical parameters such as weight loss(r2 = 0.74) and histological damage(r2 = 0.86)(P < 0.01). In acute DSS-induced murine colitis, CEUS targeted against MAd CAM-1 detected and differentiated stages of mild, moderate and severe colitis via calculation of mean pixel contrast intensity in decibel(9.6 d B ± 1.6 vs 12.9 d B ± 1.4 vs 18 d B ± 3.33, P < 0.05). Employing the AOM/DSSinduced carcinogenesis model, tumor development was monitored by CEUS targeted against VEGF and detected a significantly increased echogenicity in tumors as compared to adjacent healthy mucosa(healthy mucosa, 1.6 d B ± 1.4 vs 42 d, 18.2 d B ± 3.3 vs 84 d, 18.6 d B ± 4.9, P < 0.01). Tissue echogenicity strongly correlated with histological analysis and immunohistochemistry findings(VEGF-posi

关键词： Colitis Dextran sodium-sulfate AOMDSS Carcinogenesis Ultrasound Contrast-enhanced ultrasound Vascular endothelial growth factor Mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1

Assessment of stricturing Crohn's disease:Current clinicalpractice and future avenues

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第3期22卷 1008-1016页

作者： dominik bettenworth Tobias M Nowacki Friederike Cordes Boris Buerke Frank Lenze Department of Medicine B University Hospital of Muenster48149 MuensterGermany Department of Clinical Radiology University Hospital of Muenster48149 MuensterGermany

Crohn's disease(CD) is a chronic remittent idiopathic disease. Although the early phase of the disease is commonly characterized by inflammation-driven symptoms, such as diarrhea, the frequency of fibrostenotic complications in patients with CD increases over the long-term course of the disease. This review presents the current diagnostic options for assessing CD-associated strictures. In addition to the endoscopic evaluation of CD strictures, this review summarizes the currently available imaging modalities, including ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging techniques. In addition to stricture detection, differentiating between the primarily inflammatory strictures and the predominantly fibrotic ones is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy(anti-inflammatory medical treatment vs endoscopical or surgical approaches). Therefore, recent imaging advances, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound elastography, contribute to the development of noninvasive non-radiating imaging of CD-associated strictures. Finally, novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted, motility and magnetization transfer imaging, as well as 18F-FDG PET/CT, molecular imaging approaches and biomarkers, are critically reviewed with regard to their potential role in assessing stricturing CD.

关键词： Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease Intestinal stricture Endoscopy Magnetic resonanceimaging Ultrasound Computed tomography 18F-FDGPET/CT CEUS Elastography

Crohn's disease complicated by intestinal infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第27期19卷 4418-4421页

作者： dominik bettenworth Tobias M Nowacki Alexander Friedrich Karsten Becker Johannes Wessling Jan Heidemann Department of Medicine B University of Münster Institute of Hygiene University of Münster Institute of Medical Microbiology University of Münster Department of Clinical Radiology University of Münster

We report on a 24-year-old male patient with history of bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain and vomiting. Endoscopy revealed massive ulcerative discontinuous proctosigmoiditis with deep, sharply demarcated epithelial denudations and enterotoxigenic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was detected in mucosal biopsies. After treatment with linezolide and steroids, a significant amelioration of colitis was detected and testing for MRSA became negative. In face of the case presented here, we suggest that in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), microbiological assessment should be performed to detect a possible Staphylococcus aureus infection in order to initiate an antimicrobial treatment in addition to IBDspecific treatment.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Infectious colitis Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Towards an enhanced understanding of the particle size effect on conversion/alloying lithium-ion anodes

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Materials Futures 2024年第1期3卷 150-164页

作者： Jakob Asenbauer dominik Horny Mayokun Olutogun Katrin Schulz Dominic Bresser Helmholtz Institute Ulm(HIU) 89081 UlmGermany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT) 76021 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Applied Materials(IAM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76131 KarlsruheGermany Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences 76133 KarlsruheGermany

Conversion/alloying materials(CAMs)represent a potential alternative to graphite as a Li-ion anode active material,especially for high-power *** far,however,essentially all studies on CAMs have been dealing with nano-sized particles,leaving the question of how the performance(and the de-/lithiation mechanism in general)is affected by the particle ***,we comparatively investigate four different samples of Zn_(0.9)Co_(0.1)O with a particle size ranging from about 30 nm to a few *** results show that electrodes made of larger particles are more susceptible to fading due to particle displacement and particle *** results also show that the conversion-type reaction in particular is affected by an increasing particle size,becoming less reversible due to the formation of relatively large transition metal(TM)and alloying metal nanograins upon lithiation,thus hindering an efficient electron transport within the initial particle,while the alloying contribution remains essentially *** generality of these findings is confirmed by also investigating Sn_(0.9)Fe_(0.1)O_(2) as a second CAM with a substantially greater contribution of the alloying reaction and employing Fe instead of Co as a TM dopant.

关键词： particle size conversion alloying anode lithium-ion battery

A typical presentation of a rare cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2011年第2期3卷 40-45页

作者： Stefan Reuter dominik bettenworth Sren Torge Mees Jrg Neumann Torsten Beyna Wolfram Domschke Johannes Wessling Hansjrg Ullerich Department of Internal Medicine D University Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer Str. 33 Münster 48149 Germany Department of Internal Medicine B University Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer Str. 33 Münster 48149 Germany Department of General and Visceral Surgery University Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer Str. 33 Münster 48149 Germany Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology University Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer Str. 33 Münster 48149 Germany Department of Radiology University Hospital Münster Albert-Schweitzer Str. 33 Münster 48149 Germany

A 52-year-old white woman had suffered from intermittent gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding for one year. Upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy and peroral doubleballoon enteroscopy (DBE) did not detect any bleeding sour ce, suggesting obscure GI bleeding. However, in video capsule endoscopy a jejunal ulceration without blee ding signs was suspected and this was endoscopically conf irmed by another peroral DBE. After transfusion of packed red blood cells, the patient was discharged from our hospital in good general *** weeks later she was readmitted because of another episode of acute bleeding. Multi-detector row computed tomography with 3D reconstruction was performed revealing a jejunal tumor causing lower gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with partial jejunal resection and end-to-end jejunostomy for reconstruction. Histological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a low risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Nine days after surgery the patient was discharged in good health. No signs of gastrointestinal rebleeding occurred in a followup of eight months. We herein describe the comp lex presentation and course of this patient with GIST and also review the current approach to treatm ent.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Gastrointestinal neoplasms Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Computed tomography

Exploring the Characteristics of Data Breaches: A Descriptive Analytic Study

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 168-195页

作者： dominik Molitor Aditya Saharia Viju Raghupathi Wullianallur Raghupathi Gabelli School of Business Fordham University New York USA Brooklyn College The City University of New York New York USA

Data breaches have massive consequences for companies, affecting them financially and undermining their reputation, which poses significant challenges to online security and the long-term viability of businesses. This study analyzes trends in data breaches in the United States, examining the frequency, causes, and magnitude of breaches across various industries. We document that data breaches are increasing, with hacking emerging as the leading cause. Our descriptive analyses explore factors influencing breaches, including security vulnerabilities, human error, and malicious attacks. The findings provide policymakers and businesses with actionable insights to bolster data security through proactive audits, patching, encryption, and response planning. By better understanding breach patterns and risk factors, organizations can take targeted steps to enhance protections and mitigate the potential damage of future incidents.

关键词： Cyber Security Information Security Data Breaches Descriptive Analytics Privacy Visualization Visual Analytics

No generality in biodiversity-productivity relationships along elevation in temperate and subtropical forest landscapes

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 255-265页

作者： Jiayun Zou Yahuang Luo Rupert Seidl dominik Thom Jie Liu Lisa Geres Tobias Richter Linjiang Ye Wei Zheng Liangliang Ma Jie Song Kun Xu Dezhu Li Lianming Gao Sebastian Seibold Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management Research Group School of Life SciencesTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201YunnanChina Lijiang Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiang674100China Berchtesgaden National Park Doktorberg 683471Germany Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont617 Main StreetBurlingtonVT 1105405USA Faculty of Biological Sciences Institute for EcologyEvolution and DiversityConservation BiologyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing10049China TUD Dresden University of Technology Forest ZoologyPienner Str.701737TharandtGermany

An improved understanding of biodiversity-productivity relationships(BPRs)along environmental gradients is crucial for effective ecosystem management and biodiversity *** stress-gradient hypothesis suggests that BPRs are stronger in stressful environments compared to more favorable ***,there is limited knowledge regarding the variation of BPRs along elevational gradients and their generality across different *** study how BPRs change with elevation,we harnessed inventory data on 6,431 trees from152 plots surveyed twice in eight to ten year intervals in mountain forests of temperate Europe and subtropical *** quantified the relationship between aboveground productivity and different biodiversity measures,including taxonomic,functional,and phylogenetic *** elucidate the processes underlying BPRs,we studied the variation of different functional traits along elevation across *** found no general pattern of BPRs across landscapes and *** were neutral for all biodiversity measures in temperate forests,and negative for taxonomic and functional diversity in subtropical *** were largely congruent between taxonomic,functional and phylogenetic *** found only weak support for the stress-gradient hypothesis,with BPRs turning from negative to positive(effect not significant)close to the tree line in subtropical *** temperate forests,however,elevation patterns were strongly modulated by species identity effects as influenced by specific *** effect of traits such as community-weighted mean of maximum plant height and wood density on productivity was congruent across *** study highlights the context-dependence of BPRs across elevation gradients and *** traits are key modulating factors of BPRs and should be considered more explicitly in studies of the functional role of ***,our findings highlight that potential trade-offs be

关键词： Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning Climate mitigation Elevation gradients Forest management Forest productivity Functional traits Nature conservation Phylogenetic diversity

Septic shock due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus treated with IgM-enriched immunoglobulin as adjuvant therapy in an immunocompetent woman

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 265-268页

作者： Josephine Braunsteiner Stephanie Siedler dominik Jarczak Stefan Kluge Axel Nierhaus Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Medical Centre Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany

Background Capnocytophaga canimorsus(***)belongs to the family *** is a facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacillus and belongs to the normal oral microbiota of some mammals,such as cats and *** to humans can occur through the skin after skin abrasion caused by a scratch or a bite.[1]Based on polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analysis,*** is present in saliva in 70%-74%of dogs and 55%-57%of cats.

关键词： belongs enriched scratch