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Ecological characterization of soil-inhabiting and hypolithic soil crusts within the Knersvlakte,South Africa

Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 85-97页

作者： Bettina Weber dirk cj wessels Kirstin Deutschewitz Stephanie Dojani Hans Reichenberger Burkhard Büdel Department of Biology University of KaiserslauternPlant Ecology and SystematicsPO Box 3049Kaiserslautern 67653Germany Department of Multiphase Chemistry Max Planck Institute for ChemistryHahn-Meitner-Weg 1Mainz 55128Germany Department of Biodiversity School of Molecular and Life SciencesUniversity of LimpopoTurfloop CampusPrivate Bag X106Sovenga 0727South Africa URS Deutschland GmbH Europaallee 3-5Kaiserslautern 67657Germany.

Introduction:Within the Knersvlakte,cyanobacteria occur hypolithically underneath translucent quartz stones in areas with quartz pavement and,outside pavement areas,they are soil-inhabiting within the uppermost millimeters of the *** habitats were characterized in terms of biomass and growth patterns of ***-term microclimatic conditions were ***:Biomass of organisms within both habitats was determined by means of chlorophyll analyses.A transect approach was used to determine the frequency of hypolithic growth depending on the size,weight,and embedding depth of the quartz *** were identified by means of microscopic analyses of the *** conditions within both habitats,i.e.,temperature,light intensity,air humidity,and soil moisture,were recorded bi-hourly from September 23,2004 through September 7,***:The biomass of hypolithic and soil-inhabiting crusts was almost identical,88 vs.86 mg Chla/m^(2)and 136 vs.134 mg Chla+b/m^(2).Within the quartz fields,46.8%of the surface area was covered by quartz stones with 69%of translucent quartz stones colonized by hypolithic cyanobacteria and *** quartz stones were significantly thicker,heavier,and more deeply embedded in the soil than uncolonized *** the annual mean temperature on top of quartz stones was nearly identical to that underneath thin and thick quartz stones,daily temperature amplitudes were largest on the stone surface(up to 48.1K),compared to the hypolithic habitats(up to 39.4K).Light intensity in the hypolithic habitat was between 15 and 30%of the ambient light intensity during *** condensation in the absence of rain occurred during 50%of the nights on the quartz stone surface,but only during 34%of the nights on the soil surface during winter months within 1 *** moisture beneath quartz layers was greater and less variable than beneath soil-inhabiting ***:In spite of the large differences in

关键词： Hypolithic Quartz Temperature Microclimate

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