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Compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance under machine transplanting

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第1期20卷 65-77页

作者： ding Chao LUO Xi-kun WU Qiong LU Bo ding yan-feng WANG Shao-hua LI Gang-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China

To identify the major factors that contribute to the difference in lodging among different rice varieties under machine transplanting and their responses to nitrogen(N),field experiments were conducted at Danyang County(a representative eco-site of the Lower yangtze River)in Jiangsu Province,China in 2017 and 2018,22 hybrid indica varieties(HIs),22 inbred japonica varieties(IJs)and two indica japonica hybrid varieties(IJHs)were transplanted by machine with three N rates(N0,N150 and N300,0,150 and 300 kg ha–1,respectively).Lodging-related physical parameters,morphological characteristics and apparent transport rates of dry matter were *** difference in yield was observed among different types of rice,and followed by IJsding stress(BS)induced by the difference in the apparent export rate of dry matter,varieties with lower leaf angle of upper three leaves possess strong lodging resistance capacity;however,the gap among the IJs was due to the difference in the cross section modulus(Z).The LI in the IJs or IJHs increased slightly with the increased N application,and there was no lodging incidence under the high N level,which was due to the low leaf angle and barely changed under high N;there was a significant interaction between varieties(HIs)and N rates in lodging rate and LI,varieties with lower leaf angle of upper three leaves were resistant to high *** results suggest that compact plant type rice has higher lodging and N resistance at machine-transplanting method.

关键词： machine transplanted rice lodging resistance nitrogen apparent export rate of dry matter

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Effects of soilless substrates on seedling quality and the growth of transplanted super japonica rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第5期16卷 1053-1063页

作者： LEI Wu-sheng ding yan-feng LI Gang-hua TANG She WANG Shao-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry Jurong 212400P.R.China

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of soilless substrates of hydroponically grown long-mat seedlings （HLMS） on seedling quality and field growth characteristics of transplanted super japonica rice. A widely grown conventional super japonica rice cultivar （Wuyunjing 23） was selected as the test material. The effect of HLMS on seedling quality, mechanical transplantation quality, field growth characteristics, yield, and benefit-cost ratio were compared with seedlings grown in organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil, whJch was selected as the control. Root number, root twJstJng power and root activity of seedlings cultivated by HLMS were decreased compared to that of the organic substrates andcontrol. However, seedling root length as well as aboveground growth were increased compared to the organic substrates and control seed- lings. In the HLMS, the content of gibberellin acid （GA3） decreased while abscisic acid （ABA） content increased compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. During the early stages after transplanting, the re-greening of HLMS was delayed compared to that of the organic substrates and control seedlings. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in tiller dynamics and crop yield among the HLMS, organic substrates and control treatments. The effects of HLMS on seedling production were similar to those of the organic substrates and traditional nutritive soil in the present study, suggesting that HLMS have the potential to replace traditional nutritive soil in seedling production without decreasing crop yield. Finally, it is important to reduce organic substrates and topsoil dependence during rice seedling production and worthwhile to consider HLMS popularization and its application on a larger scale.

关键词： super hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) mechanical transplantation seedling quality yield seedling raised method

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Growth of tandem long-mat rice seedlings using controlled release fertilizers:Mechanical transplantation can be more economical and high yielding

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第12期22卷 3652-3666页

作者： HE Wen-jun HE Bin WU Bo-yang WANG Yu-hui yan Fei-yu ding yan-feng LI Gang-hua Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology Ecology and Production Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture Nanjing 210095P.R.China China-Kenya Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Crop Molecular Biology Nanjing 210095P.R.China School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Huaiyin Institute of TechnologyHuai’an 223003P.R.China

The traditional soil-based rice seedling production methods for mechanical transplanting are resource-intensive,time consuming and *** improvement and optimization of nutrient management in soil-less nursery raising methods like tandem long-mat seedlings(TLMS)are necessary for the resource-efficient cultivation of *** the present study,a controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)-polymer-coated compound fertilizer with 3 months release period(PCCF-3M)was applied as seedling fertilizer(SF),and five different dosages of SF(SF-0,SF-10,SF-20,SF-30,and SF-40)were compared with an organic substrate as the control(CK).Among all SF treatments,the best results were obtained with the application of 20 g/tray of SF(SF-20),as the seedling quality and machine transplanting quality were comparable to those of *** contrast,the lower dosages(SF-0 and SF-10)resulted in low nitrogen content and reduced shoot growth,while the higher dosages(SF-30 and SF-40)resulted in toxicity(increased malondialdehyde accumulation)and inhibited the root ***,SF-20 increased panicle number(5.6-7.0%)and yield(4.3-5.3%)compared with CK,which might be related to the remaining SF entangled in the roots supporting the tiller growth of rice seedlings in the ***,SF-20 reduced the seedling block weight(53.1%)and cost of seedling production(23.5%)but increased the gross margin,indicating that it was easy to handle and *** together,our results indicate that SF-20 is a cost-effective way to promote the growth and transplanting efficiency of rice *** our knowledge,this study is the first to determine the optimum dosage of CRF for the soil-less production of rice seedlings.

关键词： machine-transplanted rice tandem long-mat seedlings controlled release fertilizer seedling quality yield

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Variation in Yield and Physicochemical Quality Traits among Mutants of Japonica Rice Cultivar Wuyujing 3

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Rice science 2016年第1期23卷 33-41页

作者： Jose Daniel ABACAR LIN Zhao-miao ZHANG Xin-cheng ding Cheng-qiang TANG She LIU Zheng-hui WANG Shao-hua ding yan-feng College of Agronomy Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Nanjing 210095 China

To select elite germplasms, 112 mutants derived from japonica rice cultivar Wuyujing 3 were evaluated. The yield components such as panicle number per square meter, grain number per panicle, and grain weight were measured. The quality traits such as percentage of chalky grains（PCG）, brown rice yield（BRY）, milled rice yield（MRY）, degree of milling（DM）, amylose content（AC）, protein content（PC）, and relationships among traits were inverstigated. Results showed that grain yield ranged from 2.15 to 12.49 t/hm2 with a mean of 6.4 t/hm2 and number of grains per square meter contributed for 94.64% in grain yield variation. For quality traits, all rice mutants had short size（grain length ≤ 5.5 mm） and bold shape（grain length to width ratio = 1.10-2.00）. Most of rice mutants（87.5%） had PCG values below 20%. All mutants had MRY values above 50%, AC values below 20%, and PC values below 10%. Percentage of chalky grains was significantly negatively correlated with MRY and positively correlated with DM. BRY and MRY were significantly negatively correlated with DM. PC was significantly and positively correlated with MRY and negatively correlated with DM, while AC had no significant correlation with these quality traits. It was concluded that there were 25 rice mutants which fulfilled the major requirements of Jiangsu standard japonica rice such as low percentage of chalky grains, low amylose content, optimal protein content, and which could be used as elite germplasms. Thus the mutants identified may lead to significant progress in improvement of rice quality.

关键词： japonica rice mutant yield appearance quality milling quality nutritional quality

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Effect of Nitric Oxide on Alleviating Cadmium Toxicity in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第9期12卷 1540-1550页

作者： ZHAO Xiu-feng CHEN Lin Muhammad I A Rehmani WANG Qiang-sheng WANG Shao-hua HOU Peng-fu LI Gang-hua ding yan-feng College of Agriculture Nanjing Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern ChinaMinistry of Agriculture

Nitric oxide （NO） is a gaseous signaling molecule in plants that plays a key role in mediating a wide range of physiological processes and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of the exogenous application of sodium nitroprusside （SNP）, an NO donor, on cadmium （Cd）-induced oxidative stress and Cd uptake in rice plants. Rice plants were exposed to Cd stress （0.2 mmol L^-1 CdC12） and different concentrations of SNP （0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmol L^-1）. A SNP concentration of 0.1 mmol L^-1 （SNP 10） significantly reduced the Cd-induced decrease in shoot and root dry weights and leaf chlorophyll concentrations. The addition of NO also reduced the malondialdehyde （MDA）, hydrogen peroxide （H202） and ascorbic acid （ASA） concentrations. However, the reduction in glutathione （GSH） concentration was inhibited by NO treatment. Moreover, NO prevented the Cd-induced increase in antioxidative enzyme activity. The amount of Cd accumulation in rice plants was also influenced by the addition of NO. The NO supplied by the SNP enhanced the Cd tolerance of the rice by increasing the Cd uptake by the roots and decreasing the Cd accumulation by the shoots. However, the application of potassium ferrocyanide （Cd＋Fe） or sodium nitrate and nitrite （Cd＋N）（without NO release）, did not exhibit the effects of the SNP. Furthermore, the effects of the SNP were reversed by the addition of hemoglobin （an NO scavenger）. Our results suggested that exogenous NO was involved in the resistance of rice to Cd-toxicity.

关键词： cadmium toxicity nitric oxide oxidative stress Oryza sativa L.

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Temperature Difference Between the Air and Organs of Rice Plant and Its Relation to Spikelet Fertility

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2008年第6期7卷 678-685页

作者： yan Chuan ding yan-feng LIU Zheng-hui WANG Qiang-sheng LI Gang-hua HE Ying WANGShao-hua Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation Ministry of Agriculture/Hi-Tech Key Laboratory of Information Agriculture of Jiangsu Province Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China

Based on the experiment of measuring panicles and leaves, air temperature, and humidity above the canopy of rice cultivars after heading in 2005 and 2006, we investigated the temperature difference （TD） between the air and organs of rice plant and its relationship with spikelet fertility. The results showed that TDs between the air and organs of rice varied with air temperature, air humidity, and plant type. For similar air humidity, TDs were lower at the air temperature of 28.5℃ than at higher temperature of 35.5℃, whereas for the same air temperature, the TDs decreased as the air humidity increased. TDs were also affected by plant type of the cultivars. Erect panicle cultivars showed higher TDs than those with droopy panicles under similar climatic conditions, and cultivars with panicles above flag leaf （PAFL） had higher TDs than those with panicles below the flag leaf （PBFL）. Cultivars grown in a location with lower air humidity and higher temperature, such as Taoyuan, China, had higher spikelet fertility than those in higher humidity under the similar air temperature during the grain filling stage. This is partially attributed to the larger TDs under the lower humidity. Rowspacing and the ratio of basal-tillering to panicle-spikelet fertilizer showed a significant influence on TD and subsequently on spikelet fertility, suggesting the possibility of increasing spikelet fertility by agronomic management.

关键词： rice air temperature temperature of organs spikelet fertility

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Effects of seedling age on the growth stage and yield formation of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第7期19卷 1755-1767页

作者： LI Yu-xiang LIU yang WANG Yu-hui ding yan-feng WANG Shao-hua LIU Zheng-hui LI Gang-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Souther China Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture of Xinjiang Production Construction Group/Agricultural College Shihezi UniversityShihezi 832003P.R.China

Understanding the characteristics of rice productivity is of great importance for achieving high yield ***,such traits have not yet been studied for different ages of hydroponically grown long-mat rice seedlings(HLMS),which constitutes a new method of seedling *** experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of seedling age on the growth stage,photosynthesis characteristics,dry matter production,and yield of HLMS.A conventional japonica rice cultivar(Wuyunjing 24)and an indica hybrid rice cultivar(6 Liangyou 9368)were used as test *** results showed that the whole phase was shortened by 13-15 days for young seedlings(13-day-old)compared with old seedlings(27-day-old),which occurred because the growth process accelerated with the transplantation of young *** seedling age increased,the dry matter weight of stems of individual plants and of the population increased at the transplanting stage but decreased at the maturity stage(MS).Compared with that of 27-day-old seedlings,the average ratio of panicle weight to total plant dry weight of 13-day-old seedlings during a 2-year period increased by 3.71%for Wuyunjing 24 and by 3.78%for 6 Liangyou 9368 at the ***,as seedling age increased,the leaf area index and photosynthetic potential decreased for both cultivars,and the photosynthetic rate markedly decreased at the heading stage(HS).With the exception of that of Wuyunjing 24 from the jointing stage to the HS in 2014,the crop growth rate was higher for young seedlings than for old *** yield significantly decreased with seedling age,but no significant difference was detected between the 13-and 20-day-old seedlings for either ***,equilibrious and high biological yield formation,vigorous growth in the late stages,and high photosynthetic production capacity are important characteristics and causes of the efficient and sustainable output of photosynthetic systems and for achieving high yield

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) seedling age,growth stage yield photosynthetic matter production

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Top-dressing nitrogen fertilizer rate contributes to decrease culm physical strength by reducing structural carbohydrate content in japonica rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 992-1004页

作者： ZHANG Wu-jun WU Long-mei ding yan-feng WENG Fei WU Xiao-ran LI Gang-hua LIU Zheng-hui TANG She ding Cheng-qiang WANG Shao-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R. China

Lodging is an important factor limiting rice yield and quality by bending or breaking stem in japonica rice（Oryza sativa L.） production. The objectives of this study were to determine the mechanism of lodging resistance in japonica rice as affected by carbohydrate components, especially its related arrangement in culm tissue and response to top-dressing nitrogen（N） fertilizer. Field experiments were conducted in Danyang County, Jiangsu Province, China, by using two japonica rice varieties Wuyunjing 23（lodging-resistance variety） and W3668（lodging-susceptible variety） with three top-dressing N fertilizer rates（0, 135 and 270 kg N ha^（-1）） in 2013 and 2014. Lodging related physical parameters, morphological characteristics and stem carbohydrate components were investigated at 30 d after full heading stage. Results showed that with increasing N fertilizer rates, the lodging rate and lodging index increased rapidly primarily due to significant reduction of breaking strength in two japonica rice varieties. Correlation analysis revealed that breaking strength was significantly and positively correlated with bending stress, but negatively correlated with section modulus, except for significant correlation at W3668 in 2014. Higher stem plumpness status and structural carbohydrate contents significantly enhanced stem stiffness, despite of lower non-structural carbohydrate. With higher N fertilizer rate, the culm wall thickness was almost identical, and culm diameter increased slightly. The structural carbohydrates, especially for lignin content in culm, reduced significantly under high N rate. Further histochemical staining analysis revealed that high N treatments decreased the lignin deposition rapidly in the sclerenchyma cells of mechanical tissue, large vascular bundle and small vascular bundle region, which were consistent with reduction of bending stress, especially for W3668 and thus, resulted in poor stem strength and higher lodging index. These results suggested that

关键词： japonica rice lodging resistance nitrogen stem strength structural carbohydrate

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Charactering protein fraction concentrations as influenced by nitrogen application in low-glutelin rice cultivars

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第3期15卷 537-544页

作者： LI Gang-hua CHEN Yi-lu ding yan-feng GENG Chun-miao LI Quan LIU Zheng-hui WANG Shao-hua TANG She Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China

To optimize both grain yield and quality of low-glutelin rice cultivars under N-fertilizer strategies, two-year field experiments involving three low-glutelin rice cultivars（W1240, W1721, W025） and an ordinary rice cultivar（H9405） with five N treatments were carried out to determine the effects of N application rate and genotype on protein fractions contents and Glutelin/Prolamin ratio（Glu/Pro）. The difference of protein fraction concentrations affected by N application rate existed in genotypes. Ordinary rice cultivar had a larger increase in glutlein concentration affected by N application rate than low-glutelin rice cultivars did. Glutelin in H9405 had a increase of 30.6 and 41.0% under the N4 treatment（360 kg N ha^（–1）） when compared with N0 treatment（no fertilizer N） in 2010 and 2011 respectively, while all the low-glutelin rice cultivars showed relatively smaller increases for two years. Variance analysis showed no significant effect of N application rate on glutelin in W1240 and W025 while the effects on albumin, globulin and prolamin were significant in low-glutelin rice. What＇s more, N treatment had no significant i nfluence on Glu/Pro ratios in low-glutelin rice cultivars while a significant increase in Glu/Pro ratio was observed in ordinary rice cultivar. So low-gultelin rice cultivars showed a different pattern from ordinary rice cultivars when influenced by N application rate.

关键词： low-glutelin rice nitrogen protein fractions Glu/Pro

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Effects of different types of slow-and controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第6期20卷 1503-1514页

作者： WU Qiong WANG Yu-hui ding yan-feng TAO Wei-ke GAO Shen LI Quan-xin LI Wei-wei LIU Zheng-hui LI Gang-hua Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production/National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agricultrue/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China

This experiment explored the effects of single application of seven types of slow-and controlled-release fertilizers on rice yield and various population *** on a study of the nitrogen(N)release characteristics of these fertilizers,pot experiments were conducted in 2018 and 2019 with split fertilization(CK,urea applied split equally at basal and panicle initiation stages,respectively)as control,which assessed the effects on SPAD value,yield and yield components,dynamic changes of rice tillers and dry matter *** results showed that the N release characteristics of different types of slow-and controlled-release fertilizers were significantly ***-coated urea(PCU)showed a controlledrelease mode and provided sustained release throughout the whole growth ***-coated urea(SCU)exhibited a slow-release mode,providing insufficient release at the middle and late *** inhibitor urea(AHA)and ureaformaldehyde(UF)yielded a rapid-release mode,with an explosive N release at the early stage and no release at the middle and late *** results showed that PCU delayed the peak seedling *** with CK,dry matter accumulation and SPAD showed no significant differences,and due to the continuous release of N throughout the growth stages,rice yield,spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate,and 1000-grain weight were all *** to the lack of N supply at the late stage and the low number of spikelets,SCU led to a reduction of rice yield,which is nevertheless not statistically *** and UF were susceptible to environmental factors and had varying effects on rice *** results of this experiment indicated that given a fixed amount of N applied in a pot,the stronger the N supply capacity and the longer the effective duration time of the fertilizer,the higher the dry matter accumulation at the late growth stage,and the higher the rice yield.

关键词： slow-and controlled-release fertilizers fertilizer types rice yield fertilizer release characteristics

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