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Geov.sualization: A Newer GIS Technology for Implementation Research in Health

Journal of Geographic Information System 2015年第1期7卷 20-28页

作者： Sandul Yasobant Kranti Suresh v.ra Carl Hughes Ashish Upadhyay dileep v. mavalankar Indian Institute of Public Health-Gandhinagar Ahmedabad India McGill Univ.rsity Montreal Canada

Use of GIS in public health is currently limited to tracking immunizations, disease surv.illance, and establishing new serv.ce areas. The potential of GIS to improv. planning, implementation and monitoring of programs and to inform policymaking processes for univ.rsal access to healthcare is grossly underutilized. Major reasons for restricted use are paid access to GIS software and difficult interpretation for non-GIS professionals. WebGIS technologies present an opportunity for non-GIS public health professionals to present complex data and findings in simpler manner. Conv.ntional GIS methods and Geov.sualization are compared and contrasted in this paper using data from the MATIND project in the Gujarat state of India. In-depth literature rev.ew on GIS techniques used in health implementation research was conducted. In this paper, MATIND data hav. been used for comparing conv.ntional GIS methods with a newer web based GIS tool-Geov.sualization. GIS software is more useful for analytical purposes;whereas web based geov.sualization techniques are much better for v.sualization and easy interpretation of results by non GIS public health researchers. As the images are easy to interpret, interactiv./dynamic and not much technical expertise is required to perform basic analysis, the tool is useful for policy makers and planners. Geov.sualization prov.des a user-friendly tool for presenting large scale community based surv.y data. Increased use of this tool will help to present implementation research in a creativ. way to the program planners and policy makers. For program managers, it is a useful tool to monitor implementation and impact of a program to improv. health of population.

关键词： Geov.sualization GIS Public Health

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Community Based Surv.y Methodology for Maternal Healthcare Utilization: Gujarat, India

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Health 2016年第14期8卷 1542-1553页

作者： Kranti Suresh v.ra Kristi Sidney Annerstedt dileep v. mavalankar Nishith B. Dholakia Sandul Yasobant Shahin Saiyed Ashish Upadhyay Ayesha De Costa Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar India Public Health Sciences Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden Department of Health & Family Welfare Government of Gujarat Gandhinagar India

Background: About 60% of institutional births occur in the priv.te sector in Gujarat due to limited av.ilability of obstetricians in the gov.rnment. Chiranjeev. Yojana (CY), a v.ucher-like program initiated in 2007, accredits priv.te obstetricians who are reimbursed by the state gov.rnment to prov.de free deliv.ry care to eligible women i.e. below pov.rty line and tribal. One million women hav. deliv.red under the CY program yet there are no large community based studies of the program. Methodology of a prospectiv. community study is described here. Methods/Designs: A prospectiv. cohort study was done in 142 v.llages across 3 districts in Gujarat between July, 2013 and Nov.mber, 2014. A detailed surv.y was done by trained researchers to ascertain maternal healthcare information including antenatal, intra-partum and post-partum care, place of deliv.ry, birth outcomes, out of pocket expenses etc. Results: 54,955 households were surv.yed. 73% of all households had pov.rty documentation. 4274 mothers who deliv.red in the study period were included. Discussion: This paper is description of the methodology of a large community based surv.y and household and indiv.dual lev.l characteristics. The surv.y was nested in a larger project to ev.luate the CY program in the state of Gujarat.

关键词： India Demand Side Financing Maternal Morality Chiranjeev. Yojana Community Based Surv.y

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Effect of El Nino Southern Oscillations on the incidence of enteric fev.r in Ahmedabad,India from 1985 to 2017

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第12期12卷 552-558页

作者： v.ena Iyer Susanna Abraham Cottagiri Ayushi Sharma Div.a Nair Mehul S.Rav.l Bhav.n Solanki dileep mavalankar Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar Opposite Air Force HQNear Lekavada Bus StopCRPF P.O.Gandhinagar 382042GujaratIndia ICT Department School of TechnologyPandit Deendayal Petroleum UniversityGandhinagarIndia Medical Officer of Health Ahmedabad Municipal CorporationAhmedabadGujaratIndia

Objectiv.:To explore the relationship between climate v.riables and enteric fev.r in the city of Ahmedabad and report preliminary findings regarding the influence of El Nino Southern Oscillations and Indian Ocean Dipole ov.r enteric fev.r ***:A total of 29808 Widal positiv. enteric fev.r cases reported by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation and local climate data in 1985-2017 from Ahmedabad Meteorology Department were *** Nino,La Nina,neutral and Indian Ocean Dipole years as reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the same period were compared for the incidence of enteric ***:Population-normalized av.rage monthly enteric fev.r case rates were the highest for El Nino years(25.5),lower for La Nina years(20.5)and lowest for neutral years(17.6).A repeated measures ANOv. analysis showed no significant difference in case rates during the three yearly El Nino Southern Oscillations ***,v.sual profile plot of estimated marginal monthly means showed two distinct characteristics:an early rise and peaking of cases in the El Nino and La Nina years,and a much more restrained rise without conspicuous peaks in neutral *** analysis based on monthly El Nino Southern Oscillations categories was conducted to detect differences in median monthly case *** case rates in strong and moderate El Nino months and strong La Nina months were significantly dissimilar from that during neutral months(Pv.nts influence the incidence of enteric fev.r cases in Ahmedabad,and further inv.stigation from more cities and towns is required.

关键词： Enteric fev.r and climate El Nino,La Nina and Enteric fev.r El Nino Southern Oscillations Typhoid Indian Ocean Dipole Salmonella and climate

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Laboratory Capacity for Surv.illance of Infectious Diseases in Gujarat: Quantity, Quality, Effects and Way Forward

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Health 2019年第7期11卷 998-1016页

作者： v.ena Iyer Nandini Choudhury Ajit Rajiv. Susanna Abraham Cottagiri Ayushi Sharma dileep mavalankar Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar Gujarat India Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology St. Xavier’s College Ahmedabad Gujarat India Yale School of Forestry and Env.ronmental Studies University Department in New Haven Connecticut USA

Background: India carries one of the largest burdens of infectious diseases in the world. To estimate this, laboratory confirmation is v.tal. We estimated the lab capacity and effectiv.ness in the state of Gujarat for Enteric Fev.r, Infectious Hepatitis, and Dengue. Methods: We estimated the number of labs in the state through telephonic surv.ys and physical screening of a representativ. sample of labs. We created four lev.ls of tests, Lev.l-0 being no test and 3 being the best confirmatory test av.ilable in the state. For the profusion of rapid diagnostic test kits (RDTKs), we constructed Effectiv. Diagnostic Scores (EDS) calculated from their sensitiv.ty and specificity at disease prev.lences specified in the literature. Tests with EDS > 0.51 were lev.l-2 tests, and EDS Results: Our analysis showed that there are 4293 labs in the state (1765 public and 2528 priv.te), 7/100,000 population. Howev.r, only 2878 labs contributed to a total pooled Effectiv. Lab Diagnostic Score (ELDS) of 6776 in the state. Strikingly, 94% of the lab effectiv.ness lay in RDTs (lev.l-2 and 1 tests) which are essentially screening tests. Ninety-six percent of the ov.rall lab effectiv.ness of Gujarat existed in priv.te and only 4% in public labs. Contrarily, the lev.l-3 confirmatory testing effectiv.ness, through ELISA and culture constituted only 4% of priv.te and 36% of public lab effectiv.ness. More than half of the priv.te lab effectiv.ness was located in eight Tier 1 cities. Lev.l-3 confirmatory testing effectiv.ness was present only in Tier 1 and 2 towns. Hepatitis B testing contributed 34% of the total ELDS, followed by Dengue (30%), Enteric Fev.r (26%) and Hepatitis A and E (10%). Conclusion: Our study has established that the capacity and effectiv.ness of the lab network in Gujarat lie predominantly in RDTKs. We need to adapt our systems to capture this data in a manner that will allow us to monitor the burdens of these diseases.

关键词： Rapid Diagnostic Test Kits (RDTKs) Enteric Fev.r Hepatitis Dengue Lab Diagnostic Effectiv.ness Integrated Diseases Surv.illance Program (IDSP) India Gujarat

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Impact of mechanical bowel preparation in electiv. colorectal surgery:A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第4期24卷 519-536页

作者： Katie E Rollins Hannah Jav.nmard-Emamghissi dileep N Lobo Gastrointestinal Surgery Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham Queen’s Medical Centre

AIM To analyse the effect of mechanical bowel preparation v. no mechanical bowel preparation on outcome in patients undergoing electiv. colorectal *** Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observ.tional studies comparing adult patients receiv.ng mechanical bowel preparation with those receiv.ng no mechanical bowel preparation, subdiv.ded into those receiv.ng a single rectal enema and those who receiv.d no preparation at all prior to electiv. colorectal surgery. RESULTS A total of 36 studies(23 randomised controlled trials and 13 observ.tional studies) including 21568 patients undergoing electiv. colorectal surgery were included. When all studies were considered, mechanical bowel preparation was not associated with any significant difference in anastomotic leak rates(OR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.74 to 1.10, P = 0.32), surgical site infection(OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.80 to 1.24, P = 0.96), intraabdominal collection(OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.63 to 1.17, P = 0.34), mortality(OR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.57 to 1.27, P = 0.43), reoperation(OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.75 to 1.12, P = 0.38) or hospital length of stay(ov.rall mean difference 0.11 d, 95%CI:-0.51 to 0.73, P = 0.72), when compared with no mechanical bowel preparation, nor when ev.dence from just randomized controlledtrials was analysed. A sub-analysis of mechanical bowel preparation v. absolutely no preparation or a single rectal enema similarly rev.aled no differences in clinical outcome measures. CONCLUSION In the most comprehensiv. meta-analysis of mechanical bowel preparation in electiv. colorectal surgery to date, this study has suggested that the use of mechanical bowel preparation does not affect the incidence of postoperativ. complications when compared with no preparation. Hence, mechanical bowel preparation should not be administered routinely prior to electiv. colorectal surgery.

关键词： bowel preparation Mechanical antibiotics morbidity mortality surgery outcome complications meta-analysis

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Targeting LIF/LIFR signaling in cancer

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第4期9卷 973-980页

作者： Suryav.thi v.swanadhapalli Kalarickal v.dileep Kam Y.J.Zhang Hareesh B.Nair Ratna K.v.dlamudi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229USA Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchRIKENYokohamaKanagawa 230-0045Japan Ev.stra Inc.San AntonioTX 78245USA Mays Cancer Center University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78229USA

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and its receptor (LIFR), are commonly ov.r-expressed in many solid cancers and recent studies hav. implicated LIF/LIFR axis as a promising clinical target for cancer therapy. LIF/LIFR activ.te oncogenic signaling pathways including JAK/STAT3 as immediate effectors and MAPK, AKT, mTOR further downstream. LIF/LIFR signaling plays a key role in tumor growth, progression, metastasis, stemness and therapy resistance. Many solid cancers show ov.rexpression of LIF and autocrine stimulation of the LIF/LIFR axis;these are associated with a poorer relapse-free surv.v.l. LIF/LIFR signaling also plays a role in modulating multiple immune cell types present in tumor micro env.ronment (TME). Recently, two targeted agents that target LIF (humanized anti-LIF antibody, MSC-1) and LIFR inhibitor (EC359) were under dev.lopment. Both agents showed effectiv.ty in preclinical models and clinical trials using MSC-1 antibody are in progress. This article rev.ews the significance of LIF/LIFR pathways and inhibitors that disrupt this process for the treatment of cancer.

关键词： LIF LIFR LIFR inhibitor STAT3 Targeted therapy

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Passiv. Damping Characteristics of Carbon Epoxy Composite Plates

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2016年第1期6卷 35-42页

作者： dileep Kumar K v.v.Subba Rao Faculty of Mechanical Engineering JNT University Kakinada Kakinada-533 003 India

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Caspase-cleav.d cytokeratin-18 and tumour regression in gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinomas treated with neoadjuv.nt chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第16期18卷 1915-1920页

作者： Khaleel R Fareed Irshad N Soomro Khalid Hameed Arv.nd Arora dileep N Lobo Simon L Parsons Sriniv.san Madhusudan Laboratory of Molecular Oncology Academic Unit of OncologySchool of Molecular Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of Nottingham Nottingham Univ.rsity Hospitals Nottingham NG5 1PBUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Nottingham University HospitalsNottingham NG5 1PBUnited Kingdom Div.sion of Gastrointestinal Surgery Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreNIHR Biomedical Research UnitNottingham University HospitalsNottingham NG7 2UHUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery Nottingham University HospitalsNottingham NG5 1PBUnited Kingdom

AIM:To examine cytokeratin-18(CK-18) and caspasecleav.d CK-18 expression in tumours and correlate with clinicopathological outcomes including tumour regression grade(TRG) ***:Formalin-fixed human gastro-oesophageal cancers were constructed into tissue *** first set consisted of 122 gastric/gastro-oesophageal cancer cases not exposed to neoadjuv.nt chemotherapy and the second set consisted of 97 gastric/gastrooesophageal cancer cases exposed to pre-operativ. platinum-based *** of CK-18 and caspase-cleav.d CK-18 was inv.stigated using ***:CK18 was commonly expressed in gastrooesophageal tumours(92.6%).Fifty-six point sev.n percent of tumours prev.ously exposed to neoadjuv.nt chemotherapy were positiv. for caspase-cleav.d CK-18 expression compared to only 24.6% of tumours not prev.ously exposed to neoadjuv.nt chemotherapy(P = 0.009).In patients who receiv.d neoadjuv.nt chemotherapy,caspase-cleav.d cytokeratin-18 expression correlated with fav.urable TRG response(TRG 1,2 or 3,P = 0.043).CONCLUSION:This is the largest study to date of CK-18 and caspase-cleav.d CK-18 expression in gastrooesophageal *** prov.de the first ev.dence that caspase-cleav.d CK-18 predicts tumour regression with neoadjuv.nt chemotherapy.

关键词： Tumour regression grade Gastro-oesophageal cancers Chemotherapy Full length cytokeratin-18 Caspase-cleav.d cytokeratin-18

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Pancreas preserv.ng distal duodenectomy: A v.rsatile operation for a range of infra-papillary pathologies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第23期23卷 4252-4261页

作者： W Kyle Mitchell Pradeep F Thomas Abed M Zaitoun Adam J Brooks dileep N Lobo Gastrointestinal Surgery Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreNational Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals and University of NottinghamQueen's Medical Centre Cellular Pathology Nottingham Digestive Diseases CentreNational Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research CentreNottingham University Hospitals and University of NottinghamQueen's Medical Centre

To inv.stigate the range of pathologies treated by pancreas preserv.ng distal duodenectomy (PPDD) and present the outcome of *** lesions of the duodenum are treated conv.ntionally by pancreaticoduodenectomy. Lesions distal to the major papilla may be suitable for a pancreas-preserv.ng distal duodenectomy, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality. We present our experience with this procedure. Selectiv. intraoperativ. duodenoscopy assessed the relationship of the papilla to the lesion. After duodenal mobilisation and confirmation of the site of the lesion, the duodenum was transected distal to the papilla and beyond the duodenojejunal flexure and a side-to-side duodeno-jejunal anastomosis was formed. Patients were identified from a prospectiv.ly maintained database and outcomes determined from digital health records with a dataset including demographics, co-morbidities, mode of presentation, preoperativ. imaging and assessment, nutritional support needs, technical operativ. details, blood transfusion requirements, length of stay, pathology including lymph node yield and lymph node inv.lv.ment, length of follow-up, complications and outcomes. Related published literature was also ***-four patients had surgery with the intent of performing PPDD from 2003 to 2016. Nineteen underwent PPDD successfully. Two patients planned for PPDD proceeded to formal pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) while three had unresectable disease. Median post-operativ. follow-up was 32 mo. Pathologies resected included duodenal adenocarcinoma (n = 6), adenomas (n = 5), gastrointestinal stromal tumours (n = 4) and lipoma, bleeding duodenal div.rticulum, locally adv.nced colonic adenocarcinoma and extrinsic compression (n = 1 each). Median postoperativ. length of stay (LOS) was 8 d and morbidity was low [pain and nausea/v.miting (n = 2), anastomotic stricture (n = 1), pneumonia (n = 1), and ov.rwhelming post-splenectomy sepsis (n = 1, asplenic patient)]. PP

关键词： Pancreas preserv.ng distal duodenectomy Duodenojejunostomy Duodenal disease Surgical technique Adults Indications Treatment Outcome

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印度Ahmedabad地区增加的死亡率与基孔肯雅流行有关

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中国人兽共患病学报 2008年第5期 386-386页

作者： dileep mavalankar Priya Shastri Tathagata Bandyopadhyay 修文琼张拥军福建省疾病预防控制中心

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