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Assessment of Groundwater Physico-Chemical Quality in the Ouémé Delta (Southern-Benin)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 298-317页

作者： Aoulatou Alassane Zakari Dadja Toyou Masamaéya Gnazou Abdoukarim Alassane Kodjo Apelete Raoul Kpegli Ousmane Touré Boukari Bio Guidah Chabi Bénito didier Koukpohounsi Daouda Mama Laboratory of Applied Hydrology National Water Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Benin (LHA/INE/UAC) Cotonou B&eacutenin International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA—UNESCO Chair) Cotonou B&eacutenin Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University of Lom&eacute Togo (LHAE/FDS/UL) Lom&eacute Togo

Groundwater resources are the main sources of water used to supply drinking water to the population of the Ouémé Delta via the Continental Terminal aquifer. Urbanization, population growth, and agricultural and industrial activities have resulted in a deterioration in the quality of these resources. To assess the quality of the delta’s groundwater and its suitability for human consumption and irrigation, a total of fourteen (14) physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in some forty existing water points between September 2020 and March 2021, using standard water analysis techniques. The values obtained were compared with the potability standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Republic of Benin and were subjected to statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)). In addition, methods for determining the suitability of water for irrigation were used. The results showed that the waters are acidic to slightly neutral and influenced by ambient temperature. In addition, the waters are moderately mineralized, with conductivities (24 - 1205 μS/cm) in line with WHO standards. A comparison of the analytical results of the WHO (2017) and Benin (2001) standards indicates that the majority of the waters studied are of good quality for all the chemical parameters considered. Nevertheless, some samples show levels of nitrates (21%), potassium (14% to 16%), calcium (13%), ammonium (12%), nitrites (8%) and bicarbonates (10%) over their respective standards. The Wilcox and Riverside diagrams indicate that the majority of waters (90%) have excellent suitability for irrigation and no negative effect on soil fertilization.

关键词： Benin OuéméDelta Groundwater Physico-Chemical Quality Consumption Irrigation

Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Northern Benin: Follow up of a Cohort at the Borgou/Alibori Branch of Integrated Medical Healthcare Center for Infants and Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease from 2017 to 2022

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 445-458页

作者： Falilatou Agbeille Mohamed Alphonse Noudamadjo Médétinmè Gérard Kpanidja Yémalin Zinsou François Anikè Akinola Kpedio Clarisse Marie Chantal Bossa Julien didier Adédémy Joseph Agossou Teaching and Research Unit Department of Mother and Child Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Integrated Healthcare Center for Infants and Pregnant Women with Sickle Cell Disease (CPMI-NFED) Branch of Borgou/Alibori Parakou Benin

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. A national referral center for the management of infants and pregnant women with sickle cell disease (CPMI-NFED) was created three decades ago in Cotonou, in the south of Benin with two regional branches including that of Parakou in the North for better access of patients to specialized care. This work is a review of five years of activities in order to describe the epidemiological, clinical, hematological and evolutionary profiles of the children followed up in the said branch. Method: This was a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study on the medical records of children with sickle cell disease, followed up at the regional branch of CPMI-NFED in Borgou/Alibori from June 1, 2017 to May 31, 2022. The variables studied were epidemiological, clinical, biological and evolutionary. Results: A total of 101 children with sickle cell disease were included in the study, including 78 homozygous SS (77.2%) and 23 heterozygous SC (22.8%). Their mean age at inclusion was 51.2 ± 37.6 months [6 - 204]. The sex ratio was 1.4. Vaso-occlusive crises were the main diagnostic circumstances in 42.3% of homozygotes. More than half of the children (51.5%) had a regular follow-up. The average baseline level of hemoglobin (Hb) in homozygous children was 8.8 ± 1.4 g/dl [5.8 - 11.5];and the rate of Hb S varied between 61.9 and 94.7%. In heterozygous SC children, the mean baseline level of Hb was 10.7 ± 0.6 g/dl [9.7 - 11.5]. Acute complications observed during follow-up were dominated by pneumonia and vaso-occlusive crises in both phenotypes. The overall mortality was 3% and only affected homozygous patients. Conclusion: On average, three out of four children were homozygous in our cohort. The main acute complications were infectious and vaso-occlusive. The mortality only affected homozygous carriers. Specialized follow-up has contributed to improving the quality of life of children with sickle cel

关键词： Sickle Cell Disease Children CPMI-NFED Parakou Benin

Preliminary study of mollusk fossils in the Qinan Miocene loess-soil sequence in western Chinese Loess Plateau

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 724-730页

作者： Denis-didier Rousseau Université Montpellier II Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR CNRS 5554) Case 61 Place E. Bataillon 34095 Mont-pellier Cedex 05 France Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University Palisades New York 10964 USA

The first near continuous mollusk fossil record from the Qinan Miocene loess-soil se-quence is presented. Results show that mollusk species are abundant in the QA-I section between 22 and 6.2 Ma, and both loess layers and soil layers yield mollusk fossil individuals. All mollusk species are terrestrial and well preserved in the section. Most species are identical to those identified in the Quaternary loess-soil sequence of the Loess Plateau. The thermo-humidiphilous group generally is distributed in soil layers, whereas cold-aridiphilous group can be observed in loess layers. From the Miocene to Quaternary, the occurrence and divergence of new species of Metodontia and Cathaica correspond to the crucial periods of regional and global environmental changes, indicating that mol-lusk species are sensitive to environmental variations. Preliminary study on the QA-I mollusk record indicates that the Qinan Miocene loess-soil sequence may have a similar sedimentary environment to the Quaternary loess-soil sequence of the Loess Plateau.

关键词： mollusk fossils, Miocene loess, Loess Plateau, mollusk evolution, sedimentary environment.

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Electron spectroscopies and their use for materials characterization

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2003年第1期14卷 28-48页

作者： didier SBILLEAU Bat.11C France Laboratoire PALMS UMR CNRS-Universite 6627 Universite de Rennes-1 35042 Rennes-Cedex

We present here a general overview of electron spectroscopies from a practical point of view. The most frequently used ones are described and the type of structural information they can provide on materials is explained in relation to the physical processes on which they are based. Furthermore, we explore critically and in detail various tools that have been developed to allow a systematic solving of structures by these spectroscopies.

关键词： Electron spectroscopy Materials characterization Surface analysis

Audits of Death in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents Followed up in the Pediatric Department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori from 2005 to 2020

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 285-296页

作者： Alphonse Noudamadjo Mohamed Falilatou Agbeille Dénagan Kévin Amoussou Médétinmè Gérard Kpanidja Lahanatou Séidou Chantal Chabi Réckya Kilaya Julien didier Adédémy Agossou Joseph Mother and Child Department Faculty of Medicine University of Parakou Parakou Benin Pediatric Department Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori Parakou Benin

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major public health problem with high morbidity and mortality among children. The objective of this work was to audit the deaths of children and adolescents with HIV infection followed up in the pediatric department of the Regional Teaching Hospital of Borgou/Alibori (CHUDB/A) the from 2005 to 2020. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective and descriptive study conducted in the pediatric department of CHUD/B-A in Parakou. All children with HIV infection who died from January 1, 2005 to August 31, 2020 were included. Data collection was carried out in three stages: a phase of medical records processing, a phase of community survey and a phase of death audits. The variables studied were sociodemographic, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary. Results: Over the study period, the data of 464 infected children were recorded, including 92 deaths, representing a case fatality rate of 19.83%. Severe acute malnutrition (69.23%), gastro-intestinal tract infections (43.58%) and serious opportunistic pulmonary infections (24.36% pulmonary tuberculosis and 19.23% pneumocystis) were the main causes of death. The main dysfunctions found were: the delayed diagnosis of HIV infection (79.35%), the absence or delay in consultation when the child’s clinical condition deteriorates (32.61% and 47.83%), delayed initiation of antiretroviral treatment (42.39%) and non-adherence to treatment (38.04%). Non-adherence to treatment was predominant in adolescents (90.49%). Conclusion: Specific interventions for early detection, adequate nutritional care, psychosocial support for adolescents and mothers of children are necessary to reduce mortality due to HIV among children and adolescents.

关键词： HIV Death Children Adolescents Dysfunctions Benin

Biological Profile and Cardiovascular Risk in Patients Receiving Neuroleptics at the Psychiatric Department of the University Hospital Center of Brazzaville

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第6期12卷 33-42页

作者： Landry Martial Miguel Paul Gandou Justecidi Kiang Choupette Ravelle Dobhat-Doukakini didier Gesril Njilo Tchatchouang Childerick Lekana Destin Mbemba Bahamboula Archange Emmanuel Mboungou Malonga Donatien Moukassa Alain Maxime Mouanga Ange Antoine Abena Biochemical and Pharmacology Laboratory Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of Congo Psychiatric Department University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of Congo Department of Biological Sciences Dnis Sassou-NGuesso University Kintl Republic of Congo

Several studies report the problem of cardiovascular tolerance of treatments with neuroleptics, given the important number of morbidities in patients with mental illnesses. This preliminary work aimed to describe the epidemiological and biological profile of patients taking neuroleptics and followed in the psychiatry department of Brazzaville University Hospital, from the angle of cardiovascular risk. Fifty (50) patients (17 men and 33 women), with a mean age of 33.9 10.7 years, were included. Epidemiological data (sex, age, tobacco or alcohol consumption) were collected on pre-established survey forms. Biochemical (total cholesterol, HDL-c, triglycerides and atherogenicity index) and inflammatory parameters (ultra-sensitive CRP, troponin I and NT-ProBNP) were investigated using enzymatic and indirect immunofluorescence technical, respectively. The results obtained showed that 54% of patients were obese, 94% were non-smokers, and 12% had high blood pressure. 10% of patients had high total cholesterol levels and 90% had HDL cholesterol levels below 60 mg/dl. Triglycerides and atherogenicity index were significantly elevated in relation to Body Mass Index (BMI). Ultrasensitive CRP was elevated in 38% of patients. In conclusion, this study revealed an association between lipid parameters (triglycerides and atherogenicity index) in relation to BMI in patients taking neuroleptics followed in the Psychiatry Department of University Hospital Center of Brazzaville.

关键词： Neuroleptic Cardiovascular Risk Psychiatry Brazzaville

On the Motion Law of Fronts for Scalar Reaction-Diffusion Equations with Equal Depth Multiple-Well Potentials

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2017年第1期38卷 83-148页

作者： Fabrice BETHUEL didier SMETS UPMC-Paris6 UMR 7598 LJLLParisF-75005France

Slow motion for scalar Allen-Cahn type equation is a well-known phenomenon,precise motion law for the dynamics of fronts having been established first using the socalled geometric approach inspired from central manifold theory(see the results of Carr and Pego in 1989). In this paper, the authors present an alternate approach to recover the motion law, and extend it to the case of multiple wells. This method is based on the localized energy identity, and is therefore, at least conceptually, simpler to implement. It also allows to handle collisions and rough initial data.

关键词： Reaction-diffusion systems Parabolic equations Singular limits

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Low Birth Weight and Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnant Women in Lomé (Togo) in 2021: A Cross-Sectional Study

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2024年第1期14卷 31-44页

作者： Roméo Mèdéssè Togan Ounoo Elom Takassi Fifonsi Gbeasor-Komlanvi Arnold Junior Sadio Rodion Yao Konu Martin Kouame Tchankoni Iwone Oumarou Adama Latame Komla Adoli Dzayissé Yawo Atakouma didier Koumavi Ekouévi Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo African Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CARESP) Lomé Togo Training and Research Center in Public Health University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo Global Health in the Global South (GHIGS) Team Insem UMR 1219 IRD EMR 271 University of Bordeaux Bordeaux France

Background: Since 2012, the World Health Organization has recommended intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) to prevent malaria-related complications in pregnant women. Ten years following these recommendations, we conducted this study to estimate the coverage for three doses of IPT-SP (IPT3) as well as the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and its associated factors in Lomé (Togo) in 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and March 2021. An exhaustive recruitment of women and their newborns was carried out in the maternity wards of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital Center. Data from antenatal consultations and clinical data of the newborns were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine factors associated with LBW. Results: A total of 252 mother-child pairs were included in this study. Median age of the mothers was 27 years, IQR [24-31]. More than a third (35.3%) of the mothers were primigravida. IPT3 coverage was 66.7% and 14.7% of newborns had a LBW. The prevalence of LBW was 33.3% [23.3-43.4] in women who had received fewer than 3 doses of IPT-SP and 5.4% [2.0-8.8] in those who had received at least 3 doses of IPT-SP (p Conclusion: Ten years following recommendations of the WHO on IPT-SP, malaria prevention based on IPT-SP is not optimal among pregnant women in Lomé, and the proportion of LBW children remains high. Actions to strengthen the three-dose IPT-SP policy are needed to prevent malaria and its consequences among newborns in Togo.

关键词： Malaria Intermittent Preventive Treatment Low Birth Weight Togo

Capabilities and limitations of 3D printed microserpentines and integrated 3D electrodes for stretchable and conformable biosensor applications

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1078-1092页

作者： Charles didier Avra Kundu Swaminathan Rajaraman Nanoscience Technology Center(NSTC) University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32826USA Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32827USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL 32816USA

We explore the capabilities and limitations of 3D printed microserpentines(µserpentines)and utilize these structures to develop dynamic 3D microelectrodes for potential applications in in vitro,wearable,and implantable microelectrode arrays(MEAs).The device incorporates optimized 3D printedµserpentine designs with out-of-plane microelectrode structures,integrated on to a flexible Kapton®package with micromolded PDMS *** flexibility of the optimized,printedµserpentine design was calculated through effective stiffness and effective strain equations,so as to allow for analysis of various designs for enhanced *** optimized,down selectedµserpentine design was further sputter coated with 7–70 nm-thick gold and the performance of these coatings was studied for maintenance of conductivity during uniaxial strain ***/conforming analysis of the final devices(3D MEAs with a Kapton®package and PDMS insulation)were performed to qualitatively assess the robustness of the finished device toward dynamic MEA applications.3D microelectrode impedance measurements varied from 4.2 to 5.2 kΩduring the bending process demonstrating a small change and an example application with artificial agarose skin composite model to assess feasibility for basic transdermal electrical recording was further demonstrated.

关键词： microelectrode insulation utilize