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Swallowing threshold parameters of subjects with complete dentures and overdentures

Open Journal of Stomatology 2011年第3期1卷 69-74页

作者： dick. J. Witter f. Anneke Tekamp Ad P. Slagter Cees M. Kreulen Nico H. J. Creugers 不详

Aim: To compare the chewing process and swallowing threshold parameters of subjects with complete dentures and overdentures with data obtained from subjects with complete natural dentitions. Metho-dology: The chewing process in terms of swallowing threshold parameters of four groups of subjects with complete dentures (all females) was quantified by sieving particles after chewing of an artificial test ‘food’ and compared with that of subjects with com-plete natural dentitions as a reference group (33 sub-jects). All subjects (except those of the reference group) had a complete denture in the upper jaw. Regarding the lower jaw two groups with complete dentures (with high (24 subjects), respectively low mandible (12 subjects)) and two groups with overdentures (implant-retained (22 subjects), respectively natural root supported (19 subjects)) were composed. Results: The ‘overdenture-implants’ group needed significantly more chewing cycles and time (mean: 45 cycles in 32 seconds) until ‘swallowing’ compared to the group with complete natural dentitions (mean: 26 cycles in 19 seconds until ‘swallowing’). Also the ‘complete denture-low mandible’ group needed sig-nificantly more cycles and time (mean: 52 cycles in 44 seconds) until ‘swallowing’ than the complete dentition group. In the ‘overdenture-natural roots’ group these outcomes (33 cycles in 24 seconds) were not significantly different compared with the complete dentition group. The ‘complete denture-high mandi-ble’ group (32 cycles in 26 seconds) needed not sig-nificantly more cycles until ‘swallowing’, however time until ‘swallowing’ was significantly longer com-pared to the complete dentition group. All denture groups had significantly larger mean particle sizes when ‘swallowing’ (sizes in the order of 3 mm) than the natural dentition group (about 2 mm). Conclusion: Despite efforts to compensate for a reduced chewing efficiency, subjects with complete dentures (including overdentures) had 50% larger median particl

关键词： Swallowing Threshold Chewing Efficiency Complete Denture Overdenture Oral Implant

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Native Aquatic Plant Establishment Efforts in a High-Herbivore, Central Texas Reservoir

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第12期13卷 1024-1042页

作者： Aaron N. Schad Brent J. Bellinger Lynde L. Dodd Jacob Kelly Kristina Hellinghausen Gary O. dick Samuel f. Atkinson Environmental Lab US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg MS USA Watershed Protection Austin TX USA Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak Ridge TN USA Univeristy of North Texas Denton TX USA

Maintaining beneficial, native plant structure and diversity while reducing invasive, nuisance species dominance is an important management domain for natural resource managers. One such vegetation component in North American lakes and reservoirs is submerged aquatic vegetation—a valuable aquatic resource which serves as productive habitat for fish, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and other wildlife. Reservoirs in the southern parts of the United States have experienced varying aquatic plant dominance dynamics due to historical water resource management actions, including drawdowns and introduction of herbivorous fish for the purpose of controlling invasive aquatic vegetation. Some of these management options have also been detrimental to native submerged aquatic vegetation. This paper explores an adaptive management research effort by installing herbivore-protected, fenced-pen submerged aquatic vegetation sites in a high-herbivore reservoir to determine effectiveness of protecting habitat and serving as founder colony sources for propagule spread. four experimental sites with three management treatments each were planted with American eelgrass. Each site utilized one un-fenced treatment and two treatments with varying mesh sizes for protective fencing-pens. Site integrity, species survival and spread, and grazing were documented. One additional site was installed and planted with other native submerged aquatic vegetation species for nominal species performance descriptions. No plants survived unprotected in the high-herbivore system and plants, in general, performed consistently better within the smaller mesh size. These test planting results were ultimately used to inform adaptive management decision making for plant installation and expansion designs for managing reservoirs invested with Hydrilla, considered one of the most serious invasive aquatic plants in the United States.

关键词： Invasive Species Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Aquatic Plant Restoration Adaptive Aquatic Plant Management Herbivory Grass Carp

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Regulation of 11<i>β</i>-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 and 2 in Rheumatoid Arthritis

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2012年第4期3卷 254-262页

作者： Christine Beyeler Bernhard dick Howard A. Bird Brigitte M. frey Academic Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine University of Leeds United Kingdom Departments of Nephrology and Hypertension and Clinical Research University Hospital of Berne Switzerland Institute of Medical Education Department of Rheumatology Clinical Immunology and Allergology

Objective. The sequential activities of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes type 1 and 2 have not been investigated so far in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis before and after starting treatment though the enzymes balancing cortisol and cortisone levels are involved in regulating various inflammatory diseases. Methods. In a retrospective study, a panel of 41 urinary steroid metabolites has been analysed in a group of 18 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as they were brought under control with disease modifying drugs. Results. No major changes were found in a variety of androgen, oestrogen and progesterone metabolites, however the ratio of THf + 5αTHf/THE as an index of 11β-HSD1 oxidative activity demonstrated down-regulation with modification correlating significantly with change in acute phase reactants as the disease came under control. These findings were supported by a tendency of a reduced ratio of f/E, an index of 11β-HSD2 oxidative activity, resulting in a significant correlation of the two ratios (p f the two enzymes with functions of clinical laboratory parameters during drug-induced improvement of the disease is novel. Conclusions. Urinary steroid metabolites, which alter with disease activity, may provide further insight into the mechanisms by which stress can modify arthritis through hormones.

关键词： Rheumatoid Arthritis Basic Clinical Scienc Hormones Inflammation Biomarkers

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朴素实用富士f40fd

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数码先锋 2007年第8期 45-46页

作者： dick

富士f40fd作为富士中端f系列的主打机型,其外观在保持f系列的沉稳感觉同时穿插进了许多的曲线元素,更美观;采用了830万像素的超级CCD,画质更有保障;新增兼容SD卡存储,有效地提高了相机的通用性,更为消费者所接受。

关键词：曝光补偿快门速度 f40fd 感光元件锐度色彩模式识别系统拍摄人自动模式场景模式

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肺结核病人健康教育效果调查分析

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中国防痨杂志 2003年第6期25卷 394-396页

作者：段琼红胡家廉 dick Chamla 聂绍发华中科技大学同济医院武汉430030 武汉市江岸区结防所武汉430030

目的　了解肺结核病人的结核病相关知识和态度的现况及其影响因素 ,改进健康教育的方式。方法　对武汉市江岸区 2 0 0 1年 1 1月至 2 0 0 2年 4月登记的 1 0 2例肺结核病人进行结核病相关知识和态度的调查 ,对性别、年龄、职业、文化水... 详细信息

目的　了解肺结核病人的结核病相关知识和态度的现况及其影响因素 ,改进健康教育的方式。方法　对武汉市江岸区 2 0 0 1年 1 1月至 2 0 0 2年 4月登记的 1 0 2例肺结核病人进行结核病相关知识和态度的调查 ,对性别、年龄、职业、文化水平、居住地等因素与得分关系进行单因素分析。结果　教育前的得分为 3.79± 1 .67,教育后的得分为 5.97± 1 .56 ,两者的差别有极显著性意义(P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,但教育以后病人对肺结核的确诊方式、可疑症状、卡介苗的作用等问题的回答正确率仍然不高。文化水平是影响病人得分的因素。结论　本次健康教育是有效的 ,为了进一步提高健康教育的效果 ,应增加教育次数 ,改进教育方法 ,低文化水平的病人是健康教育的重点。

关键词：肺结核健康教育知识态度流行病学

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A New fuzzless Seed Locus in an Upland Cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>L.) Mutant

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 799-804页

作者： Efrem Bechere Rick B. Turley dick L. Auld Linghe Zeng Agricultural Research Service (ARS) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Stoneville USA Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University Lubbock USA.

Various fiber mutants of cotton have been reported since 1920. Two of the best characterized mutants are the naked seed loci, N1N1 and n2n2. Recently, a naked-tufted mutant called 9023 nt4 was developed from the cultivar SC 9023 through chemical mutagenesis. The mutant was tested to determine if it was allelic to either N1, or n2 or was a unique mutant in a new uncharacterized locus. In 1999, one M3 plant from SC 9023 with tufted partially naked seed coat (fuzzless) was identified. In 2004, 2006, and 2007 (Lubbock, TX), 2007 (College Station, TX), and 2011 (Stoneville, MS), the homozygous naked seed mutant was evaluated with the non-mutated wild type parent (SC 9023) in rep-licated trials for agronomic and fiber traits. Crosses between the mutant and the wild type was made at Stoneville, MS in 2009. The f2 of this cross segregated in a 3 fuzzy: 1 fuzzless ratio indicating that the fuzzless trait in the mutant is controlled by a recessive locus. Allelism tests with N1N1, n2n2 and n3n3, lint percent, and fiber trait data indicated that the new locus in the mutant differs from the previously characterized fuzzless seed alleles in that it does not appear to decrease lint percent. We have putatively designated this gene nt4nt4 .

关键词： fuzzy fuzzless Lint Percent Mutagenesis Mutant Naked Seed

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当教练不当经理

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作者： (美.Lyles dick)莱尔斯

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执鞭之手

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丛书名：迷离悬疑系列

2003年

作者：（美）迪克·弗朗西斯（dick francis）李劲译

又是一场赛马比赛。这没什么奇怪,这样的赛马我参加过几千次了。这里有需要跨越的障碍,有马,有身着五颜六色赛马服的骑手和绵延数英里长的绿茵赛道。在赛道旁边拥挤着大批观众……。

ISBN: (纸本)7561326904

关键词：长篇小说美国现代

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Origin and therapy for hypertriglyceridaemia in type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第2期5卷 165-175页

作者： Jing Pang dick C Chan Gerald f Watts School of Medicine and Pharmacology University of Western Australia School of Medichne and Pharmacology University of Western Australia Lipid Disorders Clinic Royal Perth Hospital

Hypertriglyceridaemia(HTG) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease(CVD) in type 2 diabetes and is caused by the interaction of genes and non-genetic factors, specifically poor glycaemic control and obesity. In spite of statin treatment, residual risk of CVD remains high in type 2 diabetes, and this may relate to HTG and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Treatment of HTG emphasises correcting secondary factors and adverse lifestyles, in particular, diet and exercise. Pharmacotherapy is also required in most type 2 diabetic patients. Statins are the first-line therapy to achieve recommended therapeutic targets of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. fibrates, ezetimibe and n-3 fatty acids are adjunctive treatment options for residual and persistent HTG. Evidence for the use of niacin has been challenged by non-significant CVD outcomes in two recent large clinical trials. further investigation is required to clarify the use of incretin-based therapies for HTG in type 2 diabetes. Extreme HTG, with risk of pancreatitis, may require insulin infusion therapy or *** therapies targeting HTG in diabetes need to be tested in clinical endpoint trials. The purpose of this review is to examine the current evidence and provide practical guidance on the management of HTG in type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Diabetes Triglyceride Therapy

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Associations between testicular development and fetal size in the pig

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1340-1350页

作者： Claire Stenhouse Yennifer Cortes-Araya f.Xavier Donadeu Cheryl J.Ashworth functional Genetics and Development Division The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary StudiesUniversity of EdinburghMidlothianUK Department of Animal Science Texas A&M University440 Kleberg CenterCollege StationTX 77843-2471USA

Background:Impaired reproductive performance is the largest contributing factor for the removal of boars from commercial *** growth restricted piglets represent 25%of the total number of piglets born and have impaired reproductive *** study aimed to improve the understanding of temporal changes in testicular gene expression during testes development in fetuses of different *** lightest and closest to mean litter weight(CTMLW)male Large White×Landrace littermates were collected at gestational days(GD)45,60 and 90(n=5-6 litters/GD).Results:Testes weight and testes weight as a percentage of fetal weight were not associated with fetal size at GD60 or *** plasma testosterone was not associated with fetal size at *** was no association between fetal size and seminiferous tubule area and number,number of germ or Sertoli cells per *** lightest fetuses tended to have wider seminiferous tubules compared to the CTMLW fetuses at GD90(P=0.077).The testicular expression of KI67(P≤0.01)and BAX:BCL2 ratio(P=0.058)mRNAs decreased as gestation *** SPP1 mRNA expression was observed at GD60 when compared with GD45 and 90(P≤0.05).Lower expression of DMRT1 and SPP1(Pfetuses compared to the CTMLW fetuses at ***:These findings provide novel insights into the expression profiles of genes associated with testicular development and ***,these data suggest that programming of reproductive potential in IUGR boars occurs late in gestation,providing a platform for further mechanistic investigation.

关键词： fetal growth Intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR) Porcine Pregnancy Testes

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