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Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1555-1564页

作者： Eunhee Kim Rudolph ETanzi Se Hoon choi Genetics and Aging Research Unit MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA McCance Center for Brain Health Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease exercise fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) irisin

Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan choi Soo-Ho choi Keun-Young Kim Yury I.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu Emily choi Michael QJiang Ling Wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

VAMP8在beta细胞分泌和增殖中的调节作用

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VAMP8在beta细胞分泌和增殖中的调节作用

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

中华医学会第十次全国内分泌学学术会议

作者：刘云峰章毅 diana choi Patrick PL.Lam Minna Woo Herbert Y Gaisano 山西医科大学第一医院内分泌科 Departments of Physiology and MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of Toronto 030001 山西医科大学药理教研室

目的:VAMP8是一类囊泡水溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感的融合蛋白附着蛋白受体(v-SNARE)。我们曾经报道其能调节胰腺外分泌腺腺泡细胞的分泌囊泡之间的融合过程。我们发现VAMP8在胰岛beta细胞表达丰富,本研究应用VAMP8-/-小鼠研究其在胰岛...

目的:VAMP8是一类囊泡水溶性N-乙基马来酰亚胺敏感的融合蛋白附着蛋白受体(v-SNARE)。我们曾经报道其能调节胰腺外分泌腺腺泡细胞的分泌囊泡之间的融合过程。我们发现VAMP8在胰岛beta细胞表达丰富,本研究应用VAMP8-/-小鼠研究其在胰岛素分泌和葡萄糖代谢中的作用。

关键词：

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

海产养殖水体中复杂组分致光催化剂杀菌失活的机理研究

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生态环境学报 2025年

作者：王艺霓蔡仪威孙彤李桂英 Wonyong choi 安太成广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院广东工业大学环境健康与污染控制研究院环境催化与健康风险控制重点实验室和粤港澳污染物暴露与健康联合实验室

光催化技术在养殖水体净化方面具有很好的应用前景。然而，海水水产养殖水体组分复杂，造成光催化剂失活的机理鲜有研究。以典型近海养殖水体为研究对象，重点探讨以腐殖酸为典型天然有机物（NOM）组分，以细菌和真菌作为主要微生物，... 详细信息

光催化技术在养殖水体净化方面具有很好的应用前景。然而，海水水产养殖水体组分复杂，造成光催化剂失活的机理鲜有研究。以典型近海养殖水体为研究对象，重点探讨以腐殖酸为典型天然有机物（NOM）组分，以细菌和真菌作为主要微生物，对光催化剂TiO2纳米管杀菌失活的影响机制进行研究。发现在汕头海水养殖水体中，0-8 h细菌(k=0.23 h-1)和真菌(k=0.32 h-1)具有较高的杀菌效率，在8-24 h阶段细菌杀菌效率(k=0.03 h-1)开始下降，在湛江海水养殖水体中也观察到同样的趋势；在珠海海水养殖水体中，前0-8 h对细菌(k=0.14 h-1)有较高的杀灭效率，在0-6 h内对真菌也具备较高的杀灭效率(k=0.24 h-1)，细菌和真菌分别在8 h和6 h时杀菌效率变化明显。并且3个地点的水样分别在杀菌48、48、8 h后菌体数量呈现增长的现象，这可能与菌体的VBNC状态有关。同时，通过微生物多样性测定发现在海水养殖水体中假单胞菌为优势菌种；衣原体，支原体和军团菌3种细菌菌属在杀灭过程中细菌的占比减少程度最大。通过使用稳态瞬态荧光光谱仪结合PARAFAC和荧光区域积分法（FRI）得到3个不同地区水体样品的腐殖酸的降解程度均在40%以上；最后通过ATR-FTIR、SEM-EDS等实验表征，验证了在杀菌过程中，腐殖酸中间产物以及菌体破裂泄漏的生物分子附着在TiO2纳米管表面并堵塞部分微孔，堵塞了催化剂表面的活性位点，致使光催化剂加速失活。对光催化技术应用于环境复杂水体处理中的失活现象和机理进行研究，可填补此领域的空白。

关键词：光催化剂失活 TiO 催化剂海水养殖水体微生物灭活腐殖质

On Rayleigh expansion for nonlinear long water waves

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2019年第6期31卷 1115-1126页

作者： Wooyoung choi Department of Mathematical Sciences New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJ 07102-1982USA

We consider strongly nonlinear long waves on the surface of a homogeneous fluid *** modifying the formulation for the high-order spectral(HOS)method for waves in water of finite depth,we present a higher-order nonlinear system for the surface elevation and the velocity potential on the free surface to describe the two-dimensional evolution of large amplitude long *** is shown that the resulting system preserves the Hamiltonian structure of the Euler equations and can be transformed to the strongly nonlinear long-wave model for the depth-averaged *** to truncation of the linear dispersion relation for water waves,both the system for the surface velocity potential and that for the depth-averaged velocity are ill-posed when the order of approximation is odd and even,*** avoid this ill-posedness,fully dispersive models are also *** the same order approximation,the long-wave model is found more effective for numeral studies of large amplitude long waves than the finite-depth model.

关键词： Long surface gravity waves strongly nonlinear waves Hamiltonian system regularized model

Infrared-harvesting colloidal quantum dot inks for efficient photovoltaics: Impact of surface chemistry and device engineering

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第16期147卷 224-240页

作者： Younghoon Kim Min-Jae choi Jongmin choi Department of Chemistry Kookmin UniversitySeoul02707Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Dongguk UniversitySeoul04620Republic of Korea Department of Energy Science and Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology(DGIST)Daegu42988Republic of Korea

Colloidal quantum dots(CQDs)are promising semiconducting materials,which can be used as a photoactive layer in various optoelectronic applications,because of their size-tunable bandgap energy,solution processability,and excellent optical and optoelectronic *** particular,these features have generated great interest in the development of CQD solar cells and led to a rapid increase in their power conversion *** improvements were enabled by many innovative approaches in terms of CQD’s surface chemistry and device architecture *** this review,a critical overview of the research progress in CQD solar cells is presented with a focus on the strategies adopted for achieving record efficiency in CQD solar *** strategies include the use of organic/inorganic surface ligands,pre-and post-treatment of CQDs,and solid-state/solution-phase ligand ***,we provide an understanding of the research history to inspire the rational design of next-generation CQD optoelectronic devices,such as solar cells,light-emitting diodes,and *** research on the development of infrared CQD solar cells as complementary platforms to other solar cell technologies is also critically discussed to provide another perspective on CQD technologies.

关键词： Quantum dot Lead sulfide Ligand exchange Colloidal ink Infrared light Solar cell

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties According to Nb Content of High Strength Steel Manufactured in VIM

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2008年第5期24卷 793-796页

作者： Byung-Hui choi Byung-Ki choi Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate SchoolChosun UniversityKorea Department of Mechanical Engineering Chosun UniversityGwang-ju 501-750Korea

As the aircraft and aerospace industry and the automobile industry are developed, the demand of reliable materials with high strength and high toughness is steadily increased. The grain miniature method which improves the ductility and the toughness simultaneously under high strength is the miniature of the casting microstructure. In this paper, the Nb which affects the austenite grain miniature is added by 0.00%, 0.03% and 0.06% in this steel and the ingot is manufactured in a vacuum induction melting furnace （VIM）. The casting microstructure and the mechanical property of the maraging steel according to Nb contents are analyzed by conducting the solution annealing and the age hardening after hot rolling. In this result, a specimen containing 0.03% Nb is most miniature. When it does the long time age hardening, the precipitation estimated as the carbide is appeared. The mechanical properties are excellent if a specimen containing 0.06% Nb does the age hardening during 8 h in 482℃.

关键词： High strength steel Maraging steel Nb Vacuum induction melting furnace (VIM)