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Increased Mortality Risk in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: A Scoping Review

Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 754-766页

作者： devin evavold Tyler Mueller Erika Johnson Marilyn G. Klug Larry Burd School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

Objective: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are common, often undiagnosed, lifelong developmental disorders that result from prenatal alcohol exposure. FASD is present at birth and typically identified around seven years of age. The most severe outcome in cases of FASD is mortality. The purpose of this scoping review is to 1) use a systematic review to provide an estimated mortality proportion for children with FASD, and 2) update a study published in 2014 by reviewing published reports of mortality in individuals diagnosed with FASD. Method: A search of PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar for reports published between 2013 and 2023 on mortality in individuals with FASD. Results: Three population-based studies have reported on all-cause mortality rates, finding a combined mortality rate of 10.9%, a 2.63 fold (95% CI: 2.61 to 2.65) increase in mortality risk over the general population. Since 2016, this review identified only eight new cases meeting the study inclusion criteria. The reported causes of death were five cases of pneumonia, and one case each of failure to thrive and dehydration, intestinal dilatation and asphyxiation caused by overeating due to pica, and acute gastric volvulus. Discussion: While current research suggests a diagnosis of FASD is associated with a 2.6-fold increase in mortality risk, this is likely an underestimation, as most cases of FASD-related mortality go unreported. Globally, about 1 new case is reported every 15 months. However, in the United States alone, between 1752 to 4400 FASD related deaths occur annually. Our review suggests that FASD is rarely identified as a causal or contributing factor in deaths of children and adolescents, resulting in a substantial undercount of FASD-related deaths. Increased attention to the role of FASD in infant and child mortality case reviews, child death review committee reports, and mortality reviews is needed.

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Mortality Birth Defects Death Exposure Pneumonia

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Is a Mini-Screen for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Feasible?

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第4期14卷 767-781页

作者： Tyler Mueller devin evavold June-Yung Kim Marilyn G. Klug Larry Burd School of Medicine and Health Sciences University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA Department of Social Work University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

Background: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are a global public health concern with lifelong consequences for affected individuals. Recent prevalence studies suggest FASD prevalence rates range from 1-5% among school age children. Most people with FASD are not correctly diagnosed and inadequate screening to identify patients with increased risk may contribute to under-diagnosis. This study developed a 10-item screening tool for FASD and examined its feasibility. Methods: The sample consisted of 355 children who had been evaluated at an FASD clinic. Data from the 33-item Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder Behavioral Checklist was used to develop a brief FASD screen by comparing the changes in Cronbach’s alpha for different combinations of items. The validity of the brief scale was then further examined using receiving operating characteristic analyses. Results: The 10-item screen demonstrated acceptable sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to identify children at high risk for FASD. The percentage correctly classified was 91.3 and the area under the receiving operating characteristic curve was 0.971. Conclusions: This feasibility study demonstrated that a screen for FASD consisting of 10 items with yes or no responses can be completed in 3 - 4 minutes. The tool is brief, with a low administration burden and has acceptable epidemiologic performance characteristics including accuracy. Future research should examine the performance of this tool when used in larger, community-based populations where screening for FASD would be appropriate.

关键词： Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) Children Screening Prevalence

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A review of complications after ureteral reconstruction

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 348-356页

作者： Jonathan Rosenfeld devin Boehm Aidan Raikar Devyn Coskey Matthew Lee Emily Ji Ziho Lee Department of Urology Northwestern UniversityFeinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA Department of Urology Temple UniversityLewis Katz School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA

Objective:This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the complications unique to ureteral reconstruction in adults,emphasizing their presentation,diagnosis,and management in the treatment of ureteral structure ***:This review involves an in-depth analysis of existing literature and case studies pertaining to ureteral reconstruction,with a focus on examining the range of complications that can arise *** attention is given to the presentation of each complication,the diagnostic process involved,and the subsequent management ***:Ureteral reconstruction can treat ureteral stricture disease with low morbidity;however,complications,although uncommon,can have severe *** most notable complications include urinary extravasation,stricture recurrence,urinary tract infections,compartment syndrome,symptomatic vesicoureteral reflux,and Boari flap *** complication presents unique diagnostic challenges and requires specific management ***:Ureteral reconstruction is a highly effective treatment for ureteral stricture *** a strong understanding of the potential complications that patients may experience following ureteral reconstruction is not only critical to adequately counsel patients but also facilitate prompt diagnosis and management of complications when they arise.

关键词： Ureteral reconstruction Postoperative complication Urinary extravasation Stricturerecurrence Urinary tract infection

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Development of a Simple Extraction Method for Tetracycline Analogues from Bovine Milk

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2024年第4期14卷 111-120页

作者： Oscar Cordova Thien Le Christopher Lambert devin Brodie Stephany Ramirez Francis Sandoval Karno Ng Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry California State University San Marcos San Marcos USA

Tetracycline and analogues are among the most used antibiotics in the dairy industry. Besides the therapeutic uses, tetracyclines are often incorporated into livestock feed as growth promoters. A considerable amount of antibiotics is released unaltered through milk from dairy animals. The presence of antibiotic residues in milk and their subsequent consumption can lead to potential health impacts, including cancer, hypersensitivity reactions, and the development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, it is important to monitor residual levels of tetracyclines in milk. The purpose of this study is to develop a quick and simple method for simultaneously extracting five tetracycline analogues from bovine milk. Specifically, five tetracycline analogues: Chlortetracycline (CTC), demeclocycline (DEM), doxycycline (DC), minocycline (MC), and tetracycline (TC) were simultaneously extracted from milk using trifluoroacetic acid. Subsequently, the extracted analogues were separated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and detected at 355 nm using UV/Vis. Calibration curves for all five tetracycline analogues show excellent linearity (r2 value > 0.99). Percent recovery for MC, TC, DEM, CTC, and DC were: 31.88%, 96.91%, 151.29, 99.20%, and 85.58% respectively. The developed extraction method has good precision (RSD < 9.9% for 4 of the 5 analogues). The developed method with minimal sample preparation and pretreatment has the potential to serve as an initial screening test.

关键词： Antibiotics Tetracyclines Extraction Milk HPLC

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我们敢将生成式人工智能用于解决心理健康问题吗?

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科技纵览 2024年第6期 44-49,4页

作者： Casey Sackett devin Harper Aaron Pavez Woebot Health公司不详

2017年,心理健康应用Woebot推出,那时,“聊天机器人”还是不为人熟知的术语,需要心理治疗师帮助的人只能想到自己会与人类交谈。Woebot是一种令人激动的新事物,这是一种以迅速响应、富有同理心、由人工智能驱动的聊天机器人的形式获取... 详细信息

2017年,心理健康应用Woebot推出,那时,“聊天机器人”还是不为人熟知的术语,需要心理治疗师帮助的人只能想到自己会与人类交谈。Woebot是一种令人激动的新事物,这是一种以迅速响应、富有同理心、由人工智能驱动的聊天机器人的形式获取即时心理健康支持的方式。

关键词：聊天机器人人工智能心理治疗师同理心生成式心理健康问题

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Pulmonary and Orbital Bifocal IgG4 Disease: Case Report and Literature Review

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 59-64页

作者： Abasse Moussa Ounteini Mamane Daou Badé Malam-Abdou Brah Souleymane Amadou Djibrilla Almoustapha Yerima Salifou Seraphin Adjoh Komi Etienne devin Habeeb Mahmoud Anas Mehdaoui Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Cancerology Eure-Seine Hospital vreux France Pulmonology Department Niamey National Hospital Niamey Niger Department of Internal Medicine General Reference Hospital FSS-UAM of Niamey Niamey Niger Department of Hematology National Hospital of Niamey FSS-UAM of Niamey Niamey Niger Pneumology Department Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital of Lom Lom Togo

Introduction: IgG4 disease is an orphan, fibro-inflammatory autoimmune disease of recent discovery whose thoracic involvement is rarer. We report a case of Pulmonary and orbital bifocal IgG4 disease with a review of the literature. Observation: This is a 71-year-old patient with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking cessation at 15 PA, with progressive dyspnoea, weight loss of 4 kg with PS = 0 for 2 months. The thoracic CT scan revealed 3 pseudotumoral lung lesions of the LIG, LID and LM. The histology of the two CT-guided lung biopsies and the LIG wedge had objectified inflammatory lesions without signs of malignancy. The evolution was marked by the occurrence of a right orbital edema. The cerebral scanner found a voluminous right orbital inflammatory pseudotumor. Biopsy with histology found fibroinflammatory lesions with lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates and positive immunolabeling with anti-IgG4 antibodies. The PET scanner had objectified pulmonary and pleural parenchymal consolidations and moderately hypermetabolic mediastinal ADP with max SUV between 3 and 6. The patient was put on corticosteroid therapy with a favorable outcome. Conclusion: IgG4 disease is rare and difficult to diagnose despite well-defined and consensual diagnostic criteria and classification. The discovery of new biomarkers facilitates the diagnosis and monitoring of patients. Well-codified corticosteroid therapy is effective but possibility of recurrence. The current challenge remains the lack of data on the follow-up of these patients to assess the risk of neoplasia (lymphoma).

关键词： Orphan Disease Thoracic IgG4 Disease Autoimmunity

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Enhanced two-loop model predictive control design for linear uncertain systems

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2021年第1期32卷 220-227页

作者： Mohammad-Ghassem FARAJZADEH-devin Seyed Kamal HOSSEINI SANI Department of Electrical Engineering Ferdowsi University of MashhadMashhad 1696700Iran

Model predictive controllers(MPC)with the two-loop scheme are successful approaches practically and can be classified into two main categories,tube-based MPC and MPCbased reference governors(RG).In this paper,an enhanced twoloop MPC design is proposed for a pre-stabilized system with the bounded uncertainty subject to the input and state *** proposed method offers less conservatism than the tube-based MPC methods by enlarging the restricted input *** to the MPC-based RGs,the investigated method improves tracking performance of the pre-stabilized system while satisfying the ***,the robust global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system is guaranteed in a novel procedure with terminal constraint *** of the proposed method on a servo system shows its effectiveness in comparison to the others.

关键词： model predictive control(MPC) robust control cascade control constraint satisfaction

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Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 19-33页

作者： devin L. Maurer Jacek A. Koziel Kelsey Bruning Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

Greenhouse gas emissions （GHGs） from swine production systems are relatively well researched with the exception of emissions from land application of manure. GttGs inventories are needed for process- based modeling and science-based regulations. Thus, the objective of this observational study was to measure GHG fluxes from land application of swine manure on a typical corn field. Assessment of GHG emissions from deep injected land-applied swine manure, Phil and reapplication in the spring, on a typical US Midwestern corn-on-corn farm was completed. Static chambers were used Ibr flux measurement along with gas analysis on a GC-FID-ECD＋ Measured gas concentrations were used to estimate GHGs flux using four different models： linear regression, nonlinear regression, first order linear regression and the revised Hutchinson and Mosier （HMR） model, respectively for *** flux esmnates after manure apphcatmn of 5.85×10 g·ha^-1（1 ha = 0.01 km） of CO2 6.60×10^1g·ha^-1 of CH4 and3.48 ×10^3g·ha^-1 N2O for the fall trial and 3.11×10^6g·ha^-1 of CO2,2.95×10^3g·ha^-1 of OH4, and 1.47×10^4g·ha^-1 N2O after the spnng reapphcation trial were observed. The N2O net cumulative flux represents 0.595% of nitrogen applied in swine manure for the fall trial.

关键词： Climate change Emissions Greenhouse gases Land application Swine manure

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Spinal Mechanisms of Itch Transmission

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2018年第1期34卷 156-164页

作者： devin M.Barry Admire Munanairi Zhou-Feng Chen Center for the Study of Itch Washington University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology Washington University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Developmental Biology Washington University School of Medicine

Peripheral itch stimuli are transmitted by sensory neurons to the spinal cord dorsal horn, which then transmits the information to the brain. The molecular and cellular mechanisms within the dorsal horn for itch transmission have only been investigated and identified during the past ten years. This review covers the progress that has been made in identifying the peptide families in sensory neurons and the receptor families in dorsal horn neurons as putative itch transmitters, with a focus on gastrin-releasing peptide （GRP）--GRP receptor signaling. Also discussed are the signaling mechanisms, including opioids, by which various types of itch are transmitted and modulated, as well as the many conflicting results arising from recent studies.

关键词： Itch Neuropeptides Spinal cord DRG GPCR signaling

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Hobbes's kingdom of light

Hobbes's kingdom of light

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作者： devin Stauffer.

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