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Sphincter preservation for distal rectal cancer - a goal worth achieving at all costs?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第7期17卷 855-861页

作者： Jürgen Mulsow des C Winter Institute for Clinical Outcomes Research and Education St. Vincent’s University Hospital

To assess the merits of currently available treatment options in the management of patients with low rectal cancer, a review of the medical literature pertaining to the operative and non-operative management of low rectal cancer was performed, with particular emphasis on sphincter preservation, oncological outcome, functional outcome, morbidity, quality of life, and patient preference. Low anterior resection (AR) is technically feasible in an increasing proportion of patients with low rectal cancer. The cost of sphincter preservation is the risk of morbidity and poor functional outcome in a significant proportion of patients. Transanal and endoscopic surgery are attractive options in selected patients that can provide satisfactory oncological outcomes while avoiding the morbidity and functional sequelae of open total mesorectal excision. In complete responders to neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, a non-operative approach may prove to be an option. Abdominoperineal excision (APE) imposes a permanent stoma and is associated with significant incidence of perineal morbidity but avoids the risk of poor functional outcome following AR. Quality of life following AR and APE is comparable. Given the choice, most patients will choose AR over APE, however patients following APE positively appraise this option. In striving toward sphincter preservation the challenge is not only to achieve the best possible oncological outcome, but also to ensure that patients with low rectal cancer have realistic and accurate expectations of their treatment choice so that the best possible overall outcome can be obtained by each individual.

关键词： Rectal cancer Survival Local recurrence Morbidity Anorectal function Quality of life Patient preference

Establishment and development of the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第6期38卷 901-909页

作者： Cheng Liu Zhaoyin Wang des E.Walling International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of Exeter

Problems of soil erosion and sedimentation are issues of global *** the intensification of global change and the impacts of human activities,many countries are facing severe challenges from wideranging sediment-related *** prevention and control of sediment disasters and the rational use of soil and sediment resources are important requirements for the sustainable development strategies of all *** sediment problems are closely related to social,economic,and other human activities,the effective solution of sediment problems requires the concerted efforts of experts in different fields and thus an interdisciplinary approach is *** view of the increasing recognition of sediment as a topic of global significance and the need to promote interdisciplinary research in this field,the World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER) was inaugurated in *** this paper the history of the establishment of WASER is reviewed and its main activities are briefly *** series of International Symposia on River Sedimentation(ISRS) has served as the official symposium of WASER since *** triennial technical events have been held in China,Russia,Japan,South Africa,and Germany with about 2,000 *** addition to sponsoring the ISRS,WASER has to date also sponsored/organized or co-sponsored/co-organized over 30 other international conferences,workshops,training courses,and study tours besides sponsoring the *** adoption of the International Journal of Sediment Research(IJSR) as the official journal of WASER in 2004has also played an important role in increasing the exposure of the *** activities have served to raise WASER’s profile as well as promoting collaboration with agencies and other organizations working in the field of erosion and *** types of prizes and honors are awarded by *** include the International Qian Ning Prize for Erosion and Sedimentation Technolog

关键词： Erosion and sedimentation Association Symposia Journal

China＇s Roles in World History and Historiography

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Frontiers of History in China 2016年第2期11卷 177-246页

作者： Roger des Forges History Department University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260-4130 USA

Many historians of China and the world have long worked within certain paradigms that are increasingly recognized to be excessively Eurocentric, linear, and teleological. This article draws on both primary and secondary sources to propose a theory of Chinese history that is more sinocentric, cyclical, and open-ended. The theory takes seriously the well-known Chinese emphasis on establishing and maintaining cultural centrality and Chinese interest in learning from the past to influence the present and shape the future. It argues that these concerns have resulted in a spiral or helical pattern of Chinese historical development. It goes on to suggest that the Chinese spiral might help us to conceptualize world history in a way that respects all peoples of the world and all periods of history from the origins of our subspecies to the present. History is in one sense what actually happened in the past and historiography is how people interpret it to meet present needs and realize future aspirations. Given acceleration in the pace of change and expansion in the arena of action, historians can tell us little about what to expect in the future, but they may enhance the range of possibilities by bringing to light various past experiences. In this article I examine how the Chinese experience might assist us in fashioning a more peaceful, just, and sustainable world order.

关键词： Chinese history world history historiography centrality culture states

Changes in the sediment load of the Lancang-Mekong River over the period 1965-2003

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第4期56卷 843-852页

作者： LIU Cheng HE Yun WALLING des E WANG JianJun International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Department of Geography College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX4 4RJUK Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanadaE3B 5A3

Changes in the sediment load of a river can have important impacts on river channel evolution,nutrient fluxes,aquatic ecology and delta erosion and sedimentation,and the possibility of changes in the sediment load of the Lancang-Mekong River has attracted increasing concern in recent *** studies present conflicting findings regarding the nature and magnitude of recent changes in the sediment load of the Lancang-Meking River and the authors have attempted to assemble the most reliable data on annual sediment loads for the period 1965-2003,to assess recent trends in the sediment load of the *** changes in annual sediment load at 7 stations on the river are *** sediment contributing areas are found in the reaches between Gajiu and Yunjinghong,Chiang Saen and Luang Prabang and downstream of Nong *** sediment load increased at Gajiu,Yunjinghong and Chiang Saen over the period 1985-1992 because of serious soil erosion caused by the expansion of cultivation,the replacement of natural forest by plantations and land disturbance associated with hydropower dam construction.A marked reduction in sediment load occurred at Gajiu after the impoundment of the Manwan Hydropower dam on the Lancang River,but this reduction was not evident downstream at Yunjinghong and the stations further *** increases in sediment load appeared at Mukdahan and Khong *** contrasting patterns of change reflect the influence of sediment contributions from the intervening catchment areas and channel systems as well as storage and remobilization of sediment from the channel system and the impact of hydraulic works such as irrigation *** long term mean annual sediment load of the Mekong River at its mouth is estimated to be ca.145×106ta-1,which is lower than previously reported values and it seems likely that this will be reduced in the foreseeable future.

关键词： Lancang River Lower Mekong River sediment load runoff trends hydropower dams

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Single access laparoscopic total colectomy for severe refractory ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第39期26卷 6015-6026页

作者： John Burke des Toomey Frank Reilly Ronan Cahill Department of Colorectal Surgery Beaumont HospitalDublin D09Ireland Department of Surgery Mater Misericordiae University HospitalDublin D07Ireland

BACKGROUND Single port laparoscopic surgery allows total colectomy and end ileostomy for medically uncontrolled ulcerative colitis solely via the stoma site *** intuitively appealing,there is sparse evidence for its use beyond *** To examine the usefulness of single access laparoscopy(SAL)in a general series experience of patients sick with ulcerative *** All patients presenting electively,urgently or emergently over a three-year period under a colorectal specialist team were *** was performed via the stoma site on a near-consecutive basis by one surgical team using a“surgical glove port”allowing group-comparative and case-control analysis with a contemporary cohort undergoing conventional multiport ***,straight rigid laparoscopic instrumentation were used without additional *** Of 46 consecutive patients requiring surgery,39(85%)had their procedure begun laparoscopically.27(69%)of these were commenced by single port access with an 89%completion rate thereafter(three were concluded by multi-trocar laparoscopy).SAL proved effective in comparison to multiport access regardless of disease severity providing significantly reduced operative access costs(>100€case)and postoperative hospital stay(median 5 d vs 7.5 d,P=0.045)without increasing operative *** proved especially efficient in those with preoperative albumin>30 g/dL(n=20).Its comparative advantages were further confirmed in ten pairs case-matched for gender,body mass index and preoperative *** outcomes proved durable in the intermediate term(median follow-up=20 mo).CONCLUSION Single port total colectomy proved useful in planned and acute settings for patients with medically refractory *** regarding duration and cost should not be barriers to its implementation.

关键词： Single incision laparoscopy Minimal access surgery Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis Total colectomy and end ileostomy Case match analysis

Planning for Community Relocations Due to Climate Change in Fiji

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 315-319页

作者： Karen E.Mc Namara Helene Jacot des Combes School of Geography Planning and Environmental ManagementThe University of Queensland Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development University of the South Pacific

As a consequence of the impacts of climate change, some households and entire communities across the Pacific are making the complex and challenging decision to leave their homelands and relocate to new environments that can sustain their livelihoods. This short article charts how the residents of Vunidogoloa village in Fiji relocated in early 2014 to reduce their vulnerability to encroaching sea level and inundation events that regularly devastated the community. As a consequence of the Vunidogoloa relocation, this article also explores how the Fiji Government is planning for similar resettlement transitions, including vulnerability and adaptation assessments to develop a list of potential community relocations and the development of national relocation guidelines. This study draws from key informant interviews(n = 8) with government officials, as well as representatives from intergovernmental and local nongovernmental organizations,who are involved in the relocation issue. Given the speed at which these national, top-down initiatives are being forged and especially in light of the absence of any mention of relocation in Fiji’s 2012 climate change policy, careful and inclusive engagement across all scales and stakeholders,including communities 'earmarked' for relocation, is paramount.

关键词： Climate change Community relocation Fiji Risk planning Sea level rise

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The Chinese Scholar-Rebel-Advisor Li Yan,1606—2018,a Man for Our Season

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Frontiers of History in China 2019年第2期14卷 163-184页

作者： Roger V.des Forges Department of History State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloMA 01776USA

From 1644 to 2003,many Chinese historians and novelists debated the existence and the identity of a provincial graduate from Qi county in Henan province who reportedly helped the commoner rebel Li Zicheng overthrow the Ming polity(1368—1644)only to be suspected of disloyalty and killed by the rebel leader,thus clearing the way for the Qing that ruled China from 1644 to *** 2004 there was discovered a genealogical manuscript that goes far towards solving the Li Yan puzzle and allows us to see how rumors were incorporated into histories and literary works that appealed to a wide variety of people over the course of three and a half *** this essay,I compare and contrast the emerging mythistorical figure of Li Yan with other scholar-rebel-advisors in Chinese and world history and suggest that he was most akin to the Lord Chancellor Thomas More in sixteenth-century England who spoke truth to power and was celebrated in twentieth-century history and 1让erature.

关键词： Ming-Qing Li Zicheng Hong Niangzi mythistory scholarrebel-advisor Li Yan

Sexual health and fertility for individuals with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第36期25卷 5423-5433页

作者： Romain Leenhardt Pauline Riviere Patrick Papazian Isabelle Nion-Larmurier Guillaume Girard David Laharie Philippe marteau Sorbonne Universite Hepatologie Gastroenterologie et Saint Antoine IBD NeTwork APHP Hopital St Antoine Paris 75012 Ile-de-France France CHU de Bordeaux Hopital Haut-Leveque Service d'Hepatogastroenterologie CMC Magellan Bordeaux 33604 Pessac France Hopital Bichat Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales APHP Paris 75018 France Service de gynecologie obstetrique Hopital Armand Trousseau Paris 75012 Ile-de-France France

The impact of a chronic disease such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on sexual functioning and body image can significantly impair the quality of life of patients. This review considers the sexual and fertility aspects of IBD patients and their daily management. Modern IBD healthcare management should include appropriate communication on sexuality and consider psychological, physiological, and biological issues. Patients with IBD have less children than the general population, and voluntary childlessness is frequent. The most influential factors reported by IBD patients who experience fertility alteration are psychological and surgery-related problems. Pregnancy is a major concern for patients, and any pregnancy for IBD patients should be closely followed-up to keep the chronic disease in a quiescent state. Preconceptional consultation is of great help.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Fertility Pregnancy Sexuality

Eggs of Ephestia kuehniella and Ceratitis capitata, and motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Carpoglyphus lactis as factitious foods for Orius spp.

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Insect Science 2017年第4期24卷 613-622页

作者： Jochem Bonte Anais Van de Walle des Conlong Patrick De Clercq Laboratory of Agrozoology Department of Crop Protection Ghent University Coupure Links 653 B-9000 Ghent Belgium South African Sugarcane Research Institute Private Bag X02 Mount Edgecombe 4300 South Africa School of Biological and Conservation Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X01 Scottsville Pietermaritzburg 3209 KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

Several factitious foods were assessed for rearing the anthocorid predators Orius thripoborus （Hesse） and Orius naivashae （Poppius）（Hemiptera： Anthocoridae） in the laboratory. Developmental and reproductive traits of both Orius species were examined when offered frozen eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, frozen processed eggs of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, or mixed motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagusputrescentiae （Schrank） or Carpoglyphus lactis （L）. Whereas C. lactis and T. putresecentiae proved to be an inferior food for rearing O. thripoborus and O. naivashae, eggs of C. capitata fully supported development and reproduction of both predators. Results on medfly eggs were similar or slightly inferior to those on E. kuehniella eggs, which is the standard food for culturing these anthocorid bugs. O. thripoborus could be maintained for 4 consecutive generations on C. capitata eggs indicating that processed medfly eggs can be a suitable and cheaper alternative to E. kuehniella eggs for prolonged rearing of these Orius spp.

关键词： Anthocoridae biological control Ceratitis capitata factitious foods massrearing Orius spp.