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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 1-8页

作者： TANG Shouzheng, TANG Una, Guofan Shao & DAI Limin Research Institute of Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of forestry, Beijing 100091, China Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China departmet of forestry and natural resources, purdue university, west lafayette, in 47907, usa Graduate university, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Research Institute of Resource Information Techniques Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Graduate university Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of forestry and natural resources Purdue University West Lafayette USA

Digital forestry as a concept was developed after the Digital Earth program. The Chinese scientists were not only among the pioneers who first proposed the concept of Digital forestry, but also contributed a lot to the development of Digital forestry. Digital forestry is a digital framework to maintain forest planting, management, using, and protect. The synergetic use of computationally-intensive quantitative methods together with information technologies is the most important foundation for the development of Digital forestry. Under this situation, the experience of Digital forestry development in China is relatively rich. A number of academicians, scholars, and professional administrators were involved in discussing the Digital forestry Construction Scheme. The Project of Digital forestry Practicability approved by the State forestry Administration is a major instance in developing Digital forestry standard and key techniques. By introducing a case study of Digital forestry, this paper reviews the concept of Digital forestry, the way turning traditional forestry into Digital forestry, and the future development of Digital forestry.

关键词： Digital Forest, Digital Earth, Digital forestry standard, Digital forestry techniques.

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A density-dependent matrix model and its applications in optimizing harvest schemes

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 108-117页

作者： Guofan Shao, WANG Fei, DAI Limin, BAI Jianwei & LI Yingshan Department of forestry and natural resources, purdue university, west lafayette, in 47907, usa Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Inner Mongolia Agriculture university, Hohhot 010019, China Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, State forestry Administration, Beijing 100714, China Department of forestry and natural resources Purdue University West Lafayette USA Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Inner Mongolia Agriculture university Hohhot China Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning State Forestry Administration Beijing China

Based on temporal data collected from 36 re-measured plots, transition probabilities of trees from a diameter class to a higher class were analyzed for the broadleaved-Korean pine forest in the Changbai Mountains. It was found that the transition probabilities were related not only to diameter size but also to the total basal area of trees with the diameter class. This paper demonstrates the development of a density-dependent matrix model, DM2, and a series of simulations with it for forest stands with different conditions under different harvest schemes. After validations with independent field data, this model proved a suitable tool for optimization analysis of harvest schemes on computers. The optimum harvest scheme(s) can be determined by referring to stand growth, total timbers harvested, and size diversity changes over time. Three user-friendly interfaces were built with a forest management decision support system FORESTAR(R) for easy operations of DM2 by forest managers. This paper also summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of DM2.

关键词： uneven-aged forestry, diameter transition model, harvesting intensity, diameter limit, sustainable forest management.

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Digitally determining forest inventory units with an ecological classification system

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 118-127页

作者： TANG Una, WANG Qingli, Guofan Shao, DAI Limin, WANG Shunzhong, LI Xiufen & XU Dong Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Department of forestry and natural resources, purdue university, west lafayette, in 47907, usa Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of forestry and natural resources Purdue University West Lafayette USA

Management-level forest resource data in China were obtained with a combination of two forest inventories. However, inconsistencies in the spatial attributes of forest data vary between the two inventory types and between two inventories of the same type. The inconsistencies make it inconvenient for long-term forest management planning with digital technologies. Ecological Land Types (ELTs) and Ecological Land Type Phases (ELTPs) have been mapped in selected forestry regions in northeast China, where important forest industries are located. The boundaries of ELTs are determined by geomorphic conditions, which are quantified by Digital Elevation Models (DEM); ELTPs are classified by overlaying ELTs with forest vegetation data layers that are obtained with both remotely sensed and ground data. The ELTPs represent the divisions of land in terms of both natural and human-induced forest conditions, and therefore they are reliable units for forest inventories and management. This paper introduces a case study for digitally determining forest inventory units in Benxi City, Liaoning Province, northeast China. The general objective of the study was to explain how a compatible forest inventory system should be designed and why the compatible forest inventory system was significant to digital forestry in China.

关键词： forest inventory, ecological classification, ELT mapping, ELTP mapping, geographic information systems, forest management.

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The roles of a decision support system in applying forest ecosystem management in Northeast China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 9-18页

作者： DAI Limin, ZHENG Bofu, Guofan Shao & ZHOU Li State Key Lab of Systems Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Department of forestry and natural resources, purdue university, west lafayette, in 47907, usa Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China State Key Lab of Systems Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Department of forestry and natural resources Purdue University West Lafayette USA Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Forest ecosystems provide a variety of services and forest ecosystem management (FEM) is an effective approach to maximize the services. Because of the complexity of forest ecosystems, the applications of FEM can be facilitated with decision support systems (DSS) that recognize and incorporate ecological and socio-economic variables. With the rapid development of computation and information technologies, DSS have been advanced in many ways. Traditional forest management within a forestry unit in China is planned on a yearly basis. The planning itself remains primarily a verbal concept as there are no quantitative decision-support tools available to translate the concept into forest management actions. For the purposes of FEM at the management level, a forest management DFF, FORESTAR(R), has been developed under a framework of geographic information system (GIS) and forest models. The paper explained the intelligent modeling mechanisms and demonstrated how the applications of FEM can be strengthened with the applications of FORESTAR(R).

关键词： forest functions, forested landscapes, forest services, forest models, geographic information systems.

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GIS-based analysis of forest degradations in Baihe forestry Bureau,northeast China

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 167-176页

作者： ZHOU Li, DAI Limin , Guofan Shao, XU Dong, WANG Hui & BAI Jianwei Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Department of forestry and natural resources, purdue university, west lafayette, in 47907, usa Department of City Development, Jinan university, Jinan 250002, China Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning, State forestry Administration, Beijing 100714, China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of forestry and natural resources Purdue University West Lafayette USA Department of City Development Jinan University Jinan China Academy of Forest Inventory and Planning State Forestry Administration Beijing China

Forests in the Changbai Mountains are important timber sources for economic development of the society and provide ecological services in northeast China. In order to strengthen forest resource management, this paper analyzed management-induced changes in forest structure, tree species composition and forest landscape pattern from 1987 to 2000 for Baihe forestry Bureau in Jilin Province based on digitized forest parcel maps and forest survey data. The results suggested that the area of Mature, High-Stocking, and Close-Canopy Forests decreased by 31.4%, 55.9% and 10.7% respectively; volume of Mixed Forest, the native forest vegetation type, decreased by 17.8%;the number of patches increased tremendously but the mean patch density decreased sharply for Mature, High-Stocking, Close-Canopy, and Mixed Forests. All the changes in forest structure, species composition, and landscape pattern indicated severe degradations going on with the forests in Baihe forestry Bureau. Because of the effect of degradation to forest services, restoring forest resources and protecting biodiversity has become urgently important. The strategies of sustainable forest management need to be worked out and implemented.

关键词： geographic information system, forest management, Changbai Mountains, forest change, forest decline.

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Quantifying soil erosion with GIS-based RUSLE under different forest management options in Jianchang Forest Farm

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中国科学：技术科学英文版 2006年第Z1期49卷 160-166页

作者： ZHANG Hengming, WANG Qingli, DAI Limin, Guofan Shao, TANG Una, WANG Shunzhong & GU Huiyan Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Department of forestry and natural resources, purdue university, lafayette IN47901, usa Northeast forestry university, Harbin 150040, China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of forestry and natural resources Purdue University Lafayette USA Northeast forestry university Harbin China

Quantitatively estimating soil erosion with an integration of geographic information system (GIS) and the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) under four different exposed soil proportion scenarios caused by forest management practices was studied at Jianchang Forest Farm. The GIS provided means of input data generation required by RUSLE model and allowed a spatial assessment of the erosion hazard over the study area. Four exposed soil proportion scenarios of 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% were tested with the GIS-based RUSLE model to evaluate soil erosion hazard. The predicted soil erosion potentials were classified into five categories in order to provide valuable aids for management planning.

关键词： geographic information system, RUSLE, soil erosion, forest management.

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Mapping forest fire risk zones with spatial data and principal component analysis

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2006年第Z1期49卷 140-149页

作者： XU Dong, Guofan Shao, DAI Limin, HAO Zhanqing, TANG Lei & WANG Hui Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China Department of forestry and natural resources, purdue university, west lafayette, in 47907, usa Department of Management, Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Shenyang 110034, China Department of City Development, Jinan university, Jinan 250002, China Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of forestry and natural resources Purdue University West Lafayette USA Department of Management Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering Shenyang China Department of City Development Jinan University Jinan China

By integrating forest inventory data with remotely sensed data, new data layers for factors that affect forest fire potentials were generated for Baihe forestry Bureau in Jilin Province of China. The principle component analysis was used to sort out the relationships between forest fire potentials and environmental factors. The classifications of these factors were performed with GIS, generating three maps: a fuel-based fire risk map, a topography-based fire risk map, and an anthropogenic-factor fire risk map. These three maps were then synthesized to generate the final fire risk map. The linear regression method was used to analyze the relationship between an area-weighted value of forest fire risks and the frequency of historical forest fires at each forest farm. The results showed that the most important factor contributing to forest fire ignition was topography, followed by anthropogenic factors.

关键词： wildfire risk, regression analysis, geographic information system, remote sensing, Baihe forestry Bureau.

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Relation of Mineralizable N to Organic N Components in Dark Loessial Soils

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Pedosphere 2003年第3期13卷 279-288页

作者： LI JUMEI and LI SHENGXIUCollege of natural resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Science and Technology university of Agriculture and forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 (China) College of natural resources and Environmemtal Sciences Northwestern Science and Technology University of Agriculture and Forestry 陕西 Yangling 712100

Mineralizable N and organic N components in different layers (0～15, 15～30, 30～45, 45～60, 60～80 and80～100 em) of six soils with different fertilities sampled from Yongshou County, Shaanxi Province, China,were determined by the aerobic incubation method and the Bremner procedure, respectively. Correlation,multiple regression and path analyses were performed to study the relation of mineralizable N to organic Ncomponents. Results of correlation and regression analyses showed that the amounts of the N mineralizedwere parallel to, and significantly correlated with, the total acid hydrolyzable N, but was not so with the acid-insoluble N. Of the hydrolyzable N, the amino acid N and the ammonia N had a highly consistent significantcorrelation with the mineralized N, and their partial regression coefficients were significant in the regressionequations, showing their importance in contribution to the mineralizable N. The amino sugar N, on the otherhand, had a relatively high correlation with the mineralized N, but their partial regression coefficients werenot significant in the regression equations. In contrast, the hydrolyzable unknown N had no such *** analysis further indicated that the amino acid N and ammonia N made great direct contributions tothe mineralized N, but the contributions of the amino sugar N were very low. These strongly suggested thatthe mineralized N in the soils tested was mainly from the hydrolyzable N, particularly the amino acid N andammonia N which are the major sources for its production.

关键词：土壤化学水解氮酸矿物有机质黄褐土

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Two New Species of the Genus Baculum from China (Phasmida:Phasmatidae)

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北京林业大学学报 1993年第S3期 41-44页

作者： Chen Shuchun Forest resources College,Beijing forestry university Wang Hongjian Administration of Baishuijiang natural Reserve,Wen County,Gansu

This paper deals with two new species of the genus Baculum Saussure collected from GansProvince, China. The two new species are fully described , illustrated and compared with related species othe genus Baculum.

关键词： Phasmida Phasmatidae Baculum new species.

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A New Species of Walking Stick from Shanxi (Phasmida: Phasmatidae)

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北京林业大学学报 1992年第S2期14卷 114-116页

作者： Chen ShuchunForest resources College. Beijing forestry university

This paper deals with a new species of walking stick from Shanxi province. This new species is compared with related species of the genus Baculum. Figures of characteristics are provided.

关键词： walking stick Phasmatidae Baculum new species

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