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Forage Legume Seeds Submitted to in Vitro and in Situ Fermentation Techniques

American journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 66-70页

作者： Bruno B.Deminicis Henrique D.Vieira joao C.C.Almeida Saulo A.C.Araújo Cesar C.Guimaraes Filho Raphael P.Araújo Deise D.Castagnara deolindo stradiotti júnior Department of Animal Science and Production Federal University of Espírito SantoVitoriaBrazil Laboratory of Plant Science State University of Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Animal Science and Production Federal Rural University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Department of Animal Science and Production Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri ValleysDiamantinaBrazil Department of Animal Science and Production Federal University of PampaUruguaianaBrazil

The present study was carried out to evaluate the survival rate of four tropical legume seeds submitted to different periods of ruminal incubation simulated by in vitro and in situ fermentation. The species studied were butterfly pea, stylosanthes, archer and perennial soybean. Four Holstein dairy cows fistulated in rumen were used in the in situ stage. A completely randomized design was used, in a 4 × 6 factorial arrangement (four species, six treatment periods) in the in vitro stage, with four repetitions. A completely randomized block design, arranged in a 4 × 6 factorial scheme (four species × six incubation periods), was used in the in situ stage, with four repetitions. The seeds (50 units of only one species at each repetition) were placed in erlenmeyer flask (250 mL) and were put in a 10 × 15 cm nylon bag in the in vitro stage. The times of incubation were: 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 144 hours and the time zero was estimated in the laboratory. The results demonstrate that, when submitted to ruminal incubation, due to their hard and impermeable teguments, legume seeds presented high resistance potential, and, thus, greater chances of germinating after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of bovines, when defecated in pastures. However, stylosanthes are not recommended for insertion in bovine feeding for this purpose, because they do not resist ruminal digestion.

关键词： Germination Ruminal Liquid Fabaceae Seeds

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Dehydrated Natural Feed for Cats: Influence on Apparent Digestibility Coefficient, Feces Scores, and Serum Immune, Antioxidant, and Metabolic Biomarkers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 594-611页

作者： Bruno Giorgio de Oliveira Cécere Guilherme Luiz deolindo Bianca F. Bissacotti Priscila Marquezin Copetti Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger Bruna Klein Matheus Delamea Baldissera Thiago Pereira Ribeiro Walter Hugo Cuelho Suarez Daniel Pigatto Monteiro Aleksandro Schafer Da Silva Graduate Multicenter Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of the State of Santa Catarina Lages Brazil Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Brazil Department of Animal Science Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) Chapec Brazil Department of Health Science Universidade Franciscana (UFN) Santa Maria Brazil Department of Animal Nutrition Tectron-Tecnologia e Inovao Toledo Brazil

The present study aimed to determine whether natural dehydrated feed (DNF) can replace dry extruded feed while preserving the required daily intake, nutrient digestibility and benefits for immunity and antioxidant response in cats. The animals were divided into two groups of seven animals each. One group received DNF, and the other consumed commercial extruded dry feed (DCF). The experiment lasted 45 days and we measured daily consumption and collected blood and feces samples. The animals in the DNF group showed greater digestibility of fiber and mineral matter than DCF. Cats in the DNF group had a higher volume of feces. DNF cats had lower leukocyte and granulocyte counts and cholesterol levels. Serum enzymatic antioxidant responses and non-enzymatic were higher in DNF cats. Cats in the DNF group showed lower serum acute phase proteins in addition to a tendency toward a higher concentration of transferrin than in the DCF group. Fecal Escherichia coli and total coliform counts of cats fed DNF were higher than DCF. We conclude that the daily consumption of cats is adequate. This feed had greater digestibility of fiber and mineral matter, in addition to an improvement in antioxidant and immunological responses.

关键词： Alternative Feed Antioxidant Companion Animals Health

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The Use of Secondary Grape Biomass in Beef Cattle Nutrition on Carcass Characteristics, Quality and Shelf Life of Meat

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 447-469页

作者： Vitor L. Molosse Guilherme L. deolindo Rafael V. P. Lago Bruna Klein Claiton A. Zotti Marcelo Vedovato Marcylene V. da Silveira Priscila M. Copetti Maria R. C. Schetinger juscivete F. Favero Eliana L. Fiorentin Aleksandro S. da Silva Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Chapec Brazil Department of Animal Science UDESC Chapec Brazil Department of Animal Science Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Xanxere Brazil Dean Lee Research and Extension Center Louisiana State University Alexandria LA USA Department of Biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Department of Medicina Veterinria UNOCHAPEC Chapec Brasil

We determined whether the inclusion of 100 g/kg dry matter of grape pomace silage (GPS) and grape pomace bran (GPB) as substitutes for other traditional fiber sources in the diet of steers (Charolais x Nellore) would improve carcass characteristics, meat quality and composition, and shelf life. Twenty-four animals (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial body weight) were fed a high concentrate diet for 121 days. Carcass characteristics were measured, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was analyzed for fatty acid (FA) profile and composition. The meat was sliced and stored in air-permeable packages for 10 days. On each sampling day (d 1, 3, 7, and 10), oxidative stability, bacterial load, lipid and protein oxidation, and staining were analyzed. The experimental diets influenced the pH of cold carcasses only. The GPS group had a higher pH than the control. The GPS and GPB groups showed improved oxidant status (i.e., lower lipid peroxidation and concentrations of reactive oxygen species were in the meat of both groups than in control). On the first day of storage, the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the GPS and GPB groups than in the control. The bacterial loads in the meat were attenuated by GPS inclusion;there were lower total coliform counts and a trend toward lower counts for enterobacteria in the control group. The diets altered the FA profile of the meat;i.e., the GPB diet allowed for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, while the GPS diet showed a tendency for a more significant amount of n-6 and 9 omegas. Both diets (GPS and GPB) increased the amounts of long-chain FAs. The GPS diet decreased saturated FA levels. We conclude that the dietary treatments GPS and GPB are a promising alternative to maintain meat quality standards throughout in real-world retail conditions. These treatments gave rise to an improvement in the nutritional value of the meat due to the more significant amounts of FAs that im

关键词： Animal Nutrition Antioxidant Biomass Grape Meat Quality Microbiology Residue

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Epidemiology of attention deficit disorder in Brazil: Implications for the Brazilian legal system

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Open journal of Epidemiology 2013年第4期3卷 232-236页

作者： Sergio L.Schmidt Eunice Do Nascimento Simoes Guilherme j.Schmidt Marcela j.Schmidt Ana Lucia Novais Carvalho Laboratório de Neurofisiologia e Avaliacao Neurocomportamental Centro Biomédico State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio De Janeiro Brazil Instituto de Neurologia deolindo Couto Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Instituto de Ciências da Sociedade e Desenvolvimento Regional Departamento de Fundamentos de Ciências da Sociedade Federal University Fluminense Niterói Brazil

In spite of the fact that the legal system adopted in Brazil is codified on the Roman tradition, there is no specific protection in law for people suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). In contrast, the law of the United States is largely derived from the common law system and there are two federal laws that guarantee a free appropriate public education and provide services to eligible students with disabilities. They are: Section 504 and Individuals with Disabilities Education Act2. The American Legal System reflects the social demand based on epidemiological studies. In the present investigation, we studied the prevalence of attention disorders in Brazil. The sample included 239 students, rated regarding attention problems with a checklist filled by 45 different teachers. As left-handers show greater problems in the impulsive-hyperactivity domain, we investigated the influence of gender on attention problems using handedness as a covariate. Hand preference was assessed by direct observation. A student was classified into the ADD group if he (she) was rated maximum score in at least six questions concerning impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention. Sixty-eight students (28% of the total sample) were included in the ADD group. The percentage of males was found to be greater in ADD group as compared to the percentage of males in the normal-control group. The gender effect was not explained by handedness. Our data is similar with other studies. For instance, the rate of ADD symptoms among indigenous students from the Brazilian Amazon was found to be 24.5%. In Brazilian juvenile offenders, the percentage was 33%. The differences with other studies are discussed considering sampling procedures. In accordance with the tradition of the Roman system, we urgently need Federal specific laws to deal with this public health problem. We must convert into specific laws, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations) that was recently rati

关键词： Handedness Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADD/ADHD Rights of Persons Disabilities

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