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Comprehensive Analysis of Pan-African mitochondrial DNA Variation Provides New Insights into Continental Variation and Demography

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第3期43卷 133-143页

作者： maria Cerezo Leonor Gusmao Viktor Cerny Nabeel Uddin denise Syndercombe-Court Alberto Gdmez-Carballa Tanja Gobel Peter m. Schneider Antonio Salas Unidade de Xenetica Departamento de Anatomia Patoloxica e Ciencias Forenses Instituto de Medicina Legal Facultade de Medicina Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Galicia 15782 Spain The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton CBIO 1SA UK DNA Diagnostic Laboratory Institute of Biology State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20550-900 Brazil IPATImUP Institute of molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto Porto 4200-465 Portugal Archaeogenetics Laboratory Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague 118-01 Czech Republic Faculty of Life Sciences and medicine King's College London London SE1 9NH UK Barts and The London School of medicine and Dentistry Blizard Institute London E1 2AT UK Institute of Legal medicine Medical Faculty University of Cologne Cologne D-50823 Germany

Africa is the cradle of all human beings, and although it has been the focus of a number of genetic studies, there are many questions that remain unresolved. We have performed one of the largest and most comprehensive meta-analyses of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） lineages carried out in the African continent to date. We generated high-throughput mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） data （230 SNPs） from 2024 Africans, where more than 500 of them were additionally genotyped for the control region. These data were analyzed together with over 12,700 control region profiles collected from the literature, representing more than 300 population samples from Africa. Insights into the African homeland of humans are discussed. Phylogeographic patterns for the African continent are shown at a high phylogeographic resolution as well as at the population and regional levels. The deepest branch of the mtDNA tree, haplogroup L0, shows the highest sub-haplogroup diversity in Southeast and East Africa, suggesting this region as the homeland for modem humans. Several demographic estimates point to the coast as a facilitator of human migration in Africa, but the data indicate complex patterns, perhaps mirroring the effect of recent continental-scaled demographic events in re-shaping African mtDNA variability.

关键词： mtDNA Haplotype Haplogroup SNP mALDI-TOF

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The First mesozoic Heterodactyl Bird from China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2006年第5期80卷 631-635页

作者： ZHANG Zihui HOU Lianhai HASEGAWA Yoshikasu Jingmai O＇connor Larry D. mARTIN Luis m. CHIAPPE College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Beijing 100037 China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Science P.O. Box 643 Beijing 100044 China Gunma museum of Natural History 1674-1 Kamikuroiwa Tomioka Gunma 370-2345 Japan Natural History museum of Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Boulevard Los Angeles CA 90007 USA University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90007 USA Natural History museum and the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA

Dalingheornis liweii gen. et sp. nov., a new enantiornithine bird was collected from the early Cretaceous Yixian Formation in northeastern China. It is the first record of a highly specialized heterodactyl foot in mesozoic birds. The Y-shaped furcula with short hypocleidum is different from that of other enantiornithines. The minor metacarpal is robust and longer than the major metacarpal. A long bony tail composed of 20 caudal vertebrae with chevrons resembling those of dromaeosaurids and thus, highlighting again the evolutionary relationship between birds and non-avian theropods. Well-preserved alula feathers and a heterodactyl foot provide strong evidence for the arboreal habit of Dalingheornis.

关键词： Early Cretaceous heterodactyl enantiornithine Dalingheornis liweii China

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molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy samples

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第41期22卷 9214-9221页

作者： denise E Brennan Joseph Omorogbe mary Hussey Donal Tighe Grainne Holleran Colm O'morain Sinéad m Smith Deirdre mcNamara Department of Clinical medicine School of Medicine Trinity College Dublin School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin

AIm To compare(1) demographics in urea breath test(UBT) vs endoscopy patients; and(2) the molecular detection of antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy *** Six hundred and sixteen adult patients undergoing endoscopy or a UBT were prospectively recruited to the study. The Geno Type Helico DR assay was used to detect Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) and antibiotic resistance using biopsy and/or stool samples from CLOpositive endoscopy patients and stool samples from UBT-positive patients. RESULTS Infection rates were significantly higher in patients referred for a UBT than endoscopy(overall rates: 33% vs 19%; treatment-na?ve patients: 33% vs 14.7%, respectively). H. pylori-infected UBT patients were younger than H. pylori-infected endoscopy patients(41.4 vs 48.4 years, respectively, P males in the endoscopy-compared to the UBT-cohort(52.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.03). The Geno Type Helico DR assay was more accurate at detecting H. pylori infection using biopsy samples than stool samples [98.2%(n = 54/55) vs 80.3%(n =53/66), P mples from CLO-positive endoscopy patients revealed a higher detection rate ofresistance-associated mutations using stool samples compared to biopsies. The concordance rates between stool and biopsy samples for the detection of H. pylori DNA, clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance were just 85%, 53% and 35%, respectively. CONCLUSION Differences between endoscopy and UBT patients provide a rationale for non-invasive detection of H. pylori antibiotic resistance. However, the Geno Type Helico DR assay is an unsuitable approach.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Clarithromycin Fluoroquinolone molecular methods

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management of non-ST-segment elevation myocardial in-farction in patients aged≥80 years:a meta-analysis of ran-domized controlled trials

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第10期19卷 789-790页

作者： connor J matthews Joshua Kirby Jonathan m Blaxill John P Greenwood Abdul m mozid Jennifer A Rossington murugapathy Veerasamy Nancy Wassef Stephen B Wheatcroft Heerajnarain Bulluck Yorkshire Heart Centre Leeds General InfirmaryLeeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUnited Kingdom Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and metabolic medicine University of LeedsLeedsUnited Kingdom

Coronary artery disease(CAD)is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly patients.^([1])Despite this,elderly patients are under-represented in most trials of ***-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(NSTEmI)is a common cause of hospitalization among patients≥80 years of age,^([2])and with an aging global population,there is a pressing need to establish the optimal management strategy for these ***,we conducted a meta-analysis of all randomized control trials(RCTs)performed to date in patients≥80 years of age,comparing an initial invasive versus conservative strategy to provide insights into their optimal initial management strategy.

关键词： patients mortality analysis

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Relaxation Schemes for the m1 model with Space-Dependent Flux:Application to Radiotherapy Dose Calculation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2016年第1期19卷 168-191页

作者： Teddy Pichard denise Aregba-Driollet Stephane Brull Bruno Dubroca martin Frank Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications Universite de Bordeaux351 cours de la liberationTalence33400France mathematics division Center for Computational Engineering ScienceRheinisch-Westf¨alische Technische HochschuleSchinkelstrasse 2Aachen52062Germany Institut de mathematiques de Bordeaux Universite de Bordeaux351 cours de la liberationTalence33400France

Because of stability constraints,most numerical schemes applied to hyperbolic systems of equations turn out to be costly when the flux term is multiplied by some very large *** problem emerges with the m_(1)system of equations in the field of radiotherapy when considering heterogeneous media with very disparate ***,the flux term of the m_(1)system is non-linear,and in order for the model to be well-posed the numerical solution needs to fulfill conditions called *** this paper,we propose a numerical method that overcomes the stability constraint and preserves the realizability *** this purpose,we relax the m_(1)system to obtain a linear flux *** we extend the stencil of the difference quotient to obtain *** scheme is applied to a radiotherapy dose calculation example.

关键词： Radiotherapy moments models relaxation models method of characteristics

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Daniel's Knee Injuries: Ligament and Cartilage Structure, Function, Injury, and Repair 2nd Ed.

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2003年

作者： Daniel, Dale m. Pedowitz, Robert A. O'connor, John Joseph Akeson, Wayne H.

ISBN: (纸本)9780781718172

This edition has more clinical information, and features a new surgical section. Drs. Pedowitz, O'connor, and Akeson examine the ligament from cell to patient, including biology, biomechanics, and clinical treatment. Since the past decade has shown tremendous expansion in the realm of knee ligament research, this edition was compiled with the strategy to bring everything into one convenient reference.

关键词： Knee Injuries.

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A flattened enantiornithine in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber:morphology and preservation

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Science Bulletin 2018年第4期63卷 235-243页

作者： Lida Xing Jingmai K.O'connor Ryan C.mcKellar Luis m.Chiappe ming Bai Kuowei Tseng Jie Zhang Haidong Yang Jun Fang Gang Li State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GensciencesBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyBeijing 100044China Royal Saskatchewan museum ReginaSaskatchewan SLIP 4W7Canada Biology Department University of ReginaReginaSaskatchewan S4S OA2Canada Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of KansasLawrence 66045USA Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles CountyLos Angeles 90007USA Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Exercise and Health Science University of TaipeiTaipei 11153China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Cretaceous amber from myanmar(～99 ma Burmese amber) has become a valuable supplement to the traditional skeletal record of small theropod dinosaurs preserved in sedimentary rocks, particularly for coelurosaurs and enantiornithines. The specimens recovered from this deposit preserve skeletal material and soft tissues in unmatched detail. This provides opportunities to study three-dimensional preservation of soft tissues, microstructure, and pigmentation patterns that are seldom available elsewhere in the fossil record. Ultimately, this line of research provides insights into life stages that are difficult to preserve, the ecology and appearance of the groups involved, and the evolutionarydevelopment of structures such as feathers. Here we describe the most recent discovery from Burmese amber, an articulated skeleton of an enantiornithine bird. This individual has been sectioned along the coronal plane, providing a unique view inside multiple body regions. Osteological observations and plumage patterns support placement within the Enantiornithes, and suggest that the animal may have been a juvenile at the time of death. The specimen has a complex taphonomic history that includes exposure at the surface of a resin flow prior to encapsulation, and may include scavenging by some of the insects trapped within the same amber piece. The chemical composition observed along surface exposures and shallowly buried regions of the body indicate that the specimen has not undergone significant exchange with its surroundings. High iron concentrations are present in regions that preserve soft tissues as carbon films, and calcium distribution corresponds to regions where bones breach the surface of the amber.

关键词： EnantiornithesJuvenileOsteologySoft tissue preservation

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Interpatient heterogeneity in hepatic microvascular blood flow during vascular inflow occlusion (Pringle manoeuvre)

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第3期9卷 271-283页

作者： Lucinda Shen Zühre Uz Joanne Verheij denise P.Veelo Yasin Ince Can Ince Thomas m.van Gulik Department of Translational Physiology Amsterdam UMCLocation Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Intensive Care Laboratory of Translational Intensive CareErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Amsterdam UMCLocation Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Amsterdam UMCLocation Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Anesthesiology Amsterdam UMCLocation Academic Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background:Vascular inflow occlusion(VIO)during liver resections(Pringle manoeuvre)can be applied to reduce blood loss,however may at the same time,give rise to ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI).The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of hepatic microvascular perfusion during VIO in patients undergoing major liver ***:Assessment of hepatic microcirculation was performed using a handheld vital microscope(HVm)at the beginning of surgery,end of VIO(20 minutes)and during reperfusion after the termination of *** microcirculatory parameters assessed were:functional capillary density(FCD),microvascular flow index(mFI)and sinusoidal diameter(SinD).Results:A total of 15 patients underwent VIO;8 patients showed hepatic microvascular perfusion despite VIO(partial responders)and 7 patients showed complete cessation of hepatic microvascular perfusion(full responders).Functional microvascular parameters and blood flow levels were significantly higher in the partial responders when compared to the full responders during VIO(FCD:0.84±0.88 vs.0.00±0.00 mm/mm2,PmFI:0.69–0.22 vs.0.00±0.00,Pmicrovascular blood flow was observed upon *** may explain why clinical strategies to protect the liver against IRI lacked consistency.

关键词： Liver perfusion microcirculation

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Dominance network structure across reproductive contexts in the cooperatively breeding cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 45-54页

作者： Cody J. DEY Q.Y. Joanne TAN Constance m. O'connor Adam R. REDDON J. Ryan CALDWELL Sigal BALSHINE Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario ON L8S 4K1 Canada Department of Psychology Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton Ontario L8S 4L8 Canada

While a large number of studies have described animal social networks, we have a poor understanding of how these networks vary with ecological and social conditions. For example, reproductive periods are an important life-history stage that may involve changes in dominance relationships among individuals, yet no study to date has compared social networks of do- minance interactions （i.e. dominance networks） across reproductive contexts. We first analyzed a long-term dataset on captive so- cial groups of the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologuspulcher, and found that eviction events were significantly more common around reproduction than expected by chance. Next, we compared the structure of dominance networks during early pa- rental care and non-reproductive periods, using one of the first applications of exponential random graph models in behavioral biology. Contrary to our predictions, we found that dominance networks showed few changes between early parental care and non-reproductive periods. We found no evidence that dominance interactions became more skewed towards larger individuals, became more frequent between similar-sized individuals, or became more biased towards a particular sex during parental care. However, we did find that there were relatively more dominance interactions between opposite-sex dyads in the early parental care period, which may be a by-product of increased sexual interactions during this time. This is the first study in behavioral ecology to compare social networks using exponential random graph modeling, and demonstrates a powerful analytical framework for future studies in the field [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 45-54, 2015].

关键词： Social network Aggression Submissive Hierarchy Parental care P* model

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Actigraphy: A new diagnostic tool for hepatic encephaiopathy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第14期12卷 2243-2244页

作者： Isabelle Hourmand-Ollivier marie-Astrid Piquet Jean Pierre Toudic Pierre denise Thng Dao Department of Nutrition and Hepatogastroenterology CHU Cte de Nacre-14033 cedex Caen France Physiology Laboratory CHU Cte de Nacre-14033 cedex Caen France

AIm： To assess the actigraphy, an ambulatory and continuous monitoring of wrist motor activity fitted to study sleep/wake patterns in hepatic encephalopathy （HE）. mETHODS： Twenty-five cirrhotic patients （17 m, 8 F, mean age 56± 11 years, 24/25 alcoholic, Child-Pugh A, B, C： 2, 6, 17） were included. The patients were classified into 3 groups： stage 0 group （n = 12）, stage 1-2 group （n = 6）, and stage 3-4 group （n = 7） of encephalopathy. Over three consecutive days, patients had clinical evaluation 3 times a day with psychometric test, venous ammoniemia, flash visually evoked potentials （VEP）, electroencephalogram and continuous actigraphic monitoring for 3 d, providing 5 parameters： mesor, amplitude, acrophase, mean duration of activity （mDAI） and inactivity （mDII） intervals. RESULTS： Serum ammonia and VEP did not differ among the 3 groups. Electroencephalography mean dominant frequency （mDF） correlated significantly with clinical stages of HE （r=0.65, P=0.003）. The best correlation with HE stage was provided by actigraphy especially with mDAI （r= 0.7, P〈10^-4） and mesor （r= 0.65, P〈 10^-4）. mDAI correlated significantly with mDF （r= 0.62, 0.004） and was significantly shorter in case of HE compared to patients without HE （stage 0： 5.33± 1.6 min; stage 1-2：3.28±1.4 min; stage 3-4：2.52±1.1 min; P〈0.05）. Using a threshold of mDAI of less than 4.9 min, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value for HE diagnosis were 85%, 67%, 73% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION： Actigraphy may be an objective method to identify HE, especially for early HE detection. motor activity at the wrist correlates well with clinical stages of HE. mDAI and mesor are the most relevant parameters.

关键词： Hepatic encephalopathy Cirrhosis Actigraphy

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