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Soil particle size range correction for improved calibration relationship between the laser-diffraction method and sieve-pipette method

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Pedosphere 2021年第1期31卷 134-144页

作者： Weiwen QIU Wei HU denis curtin Lidia MOTOI New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Private Bag 4704Christchurch 8140New Zealand

Particle size fraction(clay, silt, and sand) is an important characteristic that influences several soil functions. The laser-diffraction method(LDM) provides a fast and cost-effective measurement of particle size distribution, but the results usually differ from those obtained by the traditional sieve-pipette method(SPM). This difference can persist even when calibration is applied between the two methods. This partly relates to the different size ranges of particles measured by the two methods as a result of different operational principles, i.e., particle sedimentation according to Stokes’ Law vs. Mie theory for laser beam scattering. The objective of this study was to identify particle size ranges of LDM equivalent to those measured by SPM and evaluate whether new calibration models based on size range correction can be used to improve LDM-estimated particle size fractions, using 51 soil samples with various texture collected from five soil orders in New Zealand. Particle size distribution was determined using both LDM and SPM. Compared with SPM, original data from LDM underestimated the clay fraction(< 2 μm), overestimated the silt fraction(2–53 μm), but provided a good estimation of the sand fraction(53–2 000 μm).Results from three statistical indices, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, slope, and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, showed that the size ranges of < 2 and 2–53 μm defined by SPM corresponded with the < 5 and 5–53 μm size ranges by LDM, respectively. Compared with the traditional calibration(based on the same particle size ranges), new calibration models(based on the corrected size ranges of these two methods) improved the estimation of clay and silt contents by LDM. Compared with soil-specific models(i.e., different models were developed for different soils), a universal model may be more parsimonious for estimating particle size fractions if the samples to be assessed represent multiple soil orders.

关键词： laser diffraction Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient particle size distribution Pearson’s correlation coefficient sedimentation method soil separate soil texture

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Does Particulate Organic Matter Fraction Meet the Criteria for a Model Soil Organic Matter Pool?

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Pedosphere 2019年第2期29卷 195-203页

作者： denis curtin Michael H.BEARE Weiwen QIU Joanna SHARP New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited

There is a well-recognized need for improved fractionation methods to partition soil organic matter into functional pools. Physical separation based on particle size is widely used, yielding particulate organic matter(POM, i.e., free or "uncomplexed" organic matter> 50 μm) as the most labile fraction. To evaluate whether POM meets criteria for an ideal model pool, we examined whether it is:1) unique, i.e., found only in the > 50 μm fraction and 2) homogeneous, rather than a composite of different subfractions. Following ultrasonic dispersion, sand(> 50 μm) along with coarse(20–50 μm) and fine(5–20 μm) silt fractions were isolated from a silt loam soil under long-term pasture at Lincoln, New Zealand. The sand and silt fractions contained 20% and 21% of total soil C, *** adopted a sequential density separation procedure using sodium polytungstate with density increasing step-wise from 1.7 to 2.4 g cm^(-3) to recover organic matter(light fractions) from the sand and silt fractions. Almost all(ca. 90%) the organic matter in the sand fraction and a large proportion(ca. 60%–70%) in the silt fractions was recovered by sequential density separation. The results suggested that POM is a composite of organo-mineral complexes with varying proportions of organic and mineral materials. Part of the organic matter associated with the silt fractions shared features in common with POM. In a laboratory bio-assay, biodegradability of POM varied depending on land use(pasture > arable cropping). We concluded that POM is neither homogeneous nor unique.

关键词： biodegradability density separation labile fraction land use particle size fractionation sand silt sodium polytungstate

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Edge and lithium concentration effects on intercalation kinetics for graphite anodes

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第3期90卷 337-347,I0009页

作者： Keming Zhu denis Kramer Chao Peng School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048ShanxiChina Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Helmut-Schmidt UniversityHamburg 22043Germany School of Engineering University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Graphite interfaces are an important part of the anode in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),significantly influencing Li intercalation *** anodes adopt different stacking sequences depending on the concentration of the intercalated Li *** this work,we performed first-principles calculations to comprehensively address the energetics and dynamics of Li intercalation and Li vacancy diffusion near the no n-basal edges of graphite,namely the armchair and zigzag-edges,at high Li *** find that surface effects persist in stage-Ⅱ that bind Li strongly at the edge ***,the pronounced effect previously identified at the zigzag edge of pristine graphite is reduced in LiC_(12),penetrating only to the subsurface site,and eventually disappearing in LiC_(6).Consequently,the distinctive surface state at the zigzag edge significantly impacts and restrains the charging rate at the initial lithiation of graphite anodes,whilst diminishes with an increasing degree of *** diffusion time for Li hopping to the bulk site from either the zigzag edge or the armchair edge in LiC_(6) was observed during high state of charge due to charge *** controlling Li occupation and diffusion kinetics at this stage is also crucial for enhancing the charge rate.

关键词： Graphite anode Edge Interface Lithium-ion batteries Density functional theory

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Smoothed particle hydrodynamics based numerical study of hydroplaning considering permeability characteristics of runway surface

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 319-333页

作者： Yang YANG Xingyi ZHU denis JELAGIN Alvaro GUARIN Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Auto Engineering Research Institute BYD Auto Industry Company LimitedShenzhen 518118China Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden

The presence of water films on a runway surface presents a risk to the landing of *** tire of the aircraft is separated from the runway due to a hydrodynamic force exerted through the water film,a phenomenon called *** a lot of numerical investigations into hydroplaning have been conducted,only a few have considered the impact of the runway ***,computational problems,such as excessive distortion and computing efficiency decay,may arise with such numerical models when dealing with the thin water *** paper presents a numerical model comprising of the tire,water film,and the interaction with the runway,applying a mathematical model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element(SPH-FE)*** material properties and geometric features of the tire model were included in the model framework and water film thicknesses from 0.75 mm to 7.5 mm were used in the numerical ***,this work investigated the impacts of both surface texture and the runway *** interaction between tire rubber and the rough runway was analyzed in terms of frictional force between the two *** SPH-FE model was validated with an empirical equation proposed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA).Then the computational efficiency of the model was compared with the traditional coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)*** on the SPH-FE model,four types of the runway(Flat,SMA-13,AC-13,and OGFC-13)were *** simulation of the asphalt runway shows that the SMA-13,AC-13,and OGFC-13 do not present a hydroplaning risk when the runway permeability coefficient exceeds 6%.

关键词： SPH-FE approach hydroplaning numerical simulation surface texture runway surface reconstruction

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Averaged Dynamics of Fluids near the Oscillating Interface in a Hele-Shaw Cell

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第4期20卷 847-857页

作者： Anastasia Bushueva Olga Vlasova denis Polezhaev Laboratory of Vibrational Hydromechanics Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical UniversityPerm614990Russia

The steady flow in a Hele-Shaw cell filled with fluids with a high viscosity contrast in the presence of fluid oscillations is experimentally *** control of oscillatory dynamics of multiphase systems with interfaces is a challenging technological *** consider miscible(water and glycerol)and immiscible(water and high-viscosity silicone oil PMS-1000)fluids under subsonic oscillations perpendicular to the *** show that the interface shape depends on the amplitude and frequency of *** interface is undisturbed only in the absence of *** small amplitudes,the interface between water and glycerol widens due to *** the critical amplitude is reached,the interface becomes unstable to the fingering instability:Aqueous fingers penetrate the high-viscosity glycerol and induce intensive mixing of miscible fluids and associated decay of the *** the disappearance of the fingers,the interface takes a U-shape in the central part of the cell.A similar effect is observed for immiscible fluids:The oscillating interface tends to bend to the side of a high-viscosity ***,when the critical amplitude is reached,the fingering instability arises at the convex *** paper focuses on the causes of bending of the initially undisturbed interface between miscible or immiscible *** this purpose,we measure the steady flow velocity near the interface and in the bulk of a high-viscosity fluid using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV).

关键词： Hele-Shaw cell oscillations steady flow miscible fluids immiscible fluids interface

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Residence time distribution of wood chips in a semi-industrial multiple hearth furnace using RFID tracers Author links open overlay panel

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Particuology 2024年第8期91卷 268-279页

作者： Elie Lacombe Muriel Marchand Capucine Dupont denis Maréchal Thierry Melkior Univ Grenoble Alpes CEALITENDTCHLaboratoire Réacteurs et ProcédésF-38000GrenobleFrance IHE Delft Department of Water Supply Sanitation and Environmental EngineeringDelftthe Netherlands John Cockerill SeraingBelgium

In continuous biomass torrefaction plants,the products'yields,composition and homogeneity highly depend on the residence time of particles.A characterization of particle residence time distribution(RTD)was therefore carried out in an industrial-scale multiple hearth furnace on poplar wood chips using radio frequency identification *** effects of operating conditions,namely,mass flow rate of biomass,shaft speed of the rabbling system and interdental length on the RTD were *** increase of shaft speed and mass flow rate reduces particles’mean residence *** the length between two successive teeth also increases the bed *** biomass accumulation(also called“bulldozing”)was observed during several *** phenomenon is favored by a high mass flow rate of resources,a small interdental length between the teeth and a low shaft *** measurements were compared to the axial dispersion *** all tests,the Peclet number is ranging between 20 and 62,indicating that the multiple hearth furnace cannot be modelled as an ideal plug flow reactor.

关键词： Biomass Multiple hearth furnace Residence time distribution RFID

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The penetration depth of atomic radicals in tubes with catalytic surface properties

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第7期26卷 157-164页

作者： Domen PAUL Miran MOZETIC Rok ZAPLOTNIK Alenka VESEL Gregor PRIMC denis DONLAGIC Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova Cesta 39Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School Jamova Cesta 39Ljubljana 1000Slovenia Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MariborKoroska Cesta 46Maribor 2000Slovenia

Catalysis of molecular radicals is often performed in interesting experimental *** possible configuration is tubular *** radicals are introduced into the tubes on one side,and stable molecules are exhausted on the other *** penetration depth of radicals depends on numerous parameters,so it is not always feasible to calculate *** article presents systematic measurements of the penetration depth of oxygen atoms along tubes made from nickel,cobalt,and *** source of O atoms was a surfatron-type microwave *** initial density of O atoms depended on the gas flow and was 0.7×10^(21)m^(-3),2.4×10^(21)m^(-3),and 4.2×10^(21)m^(-3)at the flow rates of 50,300,and 600 sccm,and pressures of 10,35,and 60 Pa,*** gas temperature remained at room temperature throughout the *** dissociation fraction decreased exponentially along the length of the tubes in all *** penetration depths for well-oxidized nickel were 1.2,1.7,and 2.4 cm,*** cobalt,they were slightly lower at 1.0,1.3,and 1.6 cm,respectively,while for copper,they were 1.1,1.3,and 1.7 cm,*** results were explained by gas dynamics and heterogeneous surface *** data are useful in any attempt to estimate the loss of molecular fragments along tubes,which serve as catalysts for the association of various radicals to stable molecules.

关键词： oxygen plasma penetration depth catalysis heterogeneous surface recombination atom loss

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Comparison of ERA5 turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface with measurements from a wave-following platform

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2024年第3期17卷 32-36页

作者： Said Benjeddou denis Bourras Christopher Luneau Aix Marseille Universite National Center for Scientific ResearchMediterranean Institute of OceanographyMarseilleFrance Observatory of the Sciences of the Universe Pytheas Institute National Center for Scientific ResearchMarseilleFrance

Turbulent fluxes at the air-sea interface were estimated with data collected in 2011-2020 with a low-profile platform named OCARINA during eight experiments in five regions:2011,2015,and 2016 in the Iroise Sea;2012 in the tropical Atlantic;2014 in the Chilie-Peru upwelling;2017 and 2018 in the Mediterranean Sea,and 2018 and 2020 in *** observations were carried out with moderate winds(2-10 m s^(-1))and average wave heights of 1.5 *** this study,the authors used the fluxes calculated by the bulk method using OCARINA-sampled data as the *** data can validate the fluxes estimated from ERAS reanalysis *** OCARINA and ERA5 data were taken *** do this,the authors established an algorithm to extract the OCARINA data as closely as possible to the reanalysis data in time and *** measurements of the OCARINA platform can conclude on the relevance of the widely used reanalysis data.

关键词： Ocarina ECMWF ERA5 Turbulent fluxes Louis formulation

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Differential Game Model of Resource Extraction with Continuous and Dynamic Updating

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2024年第1期12卷 51-75页

作者： Ovanes Petrosian Tihomirov denis Jiang-Jing Zhou Hong-Wei Gao School of Mathematics Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001HeilongjiangChina School of Automation Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071ShandongChina Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes Saint-Petersburg State UniversitySaint PetersburgRussia National Research University"High School of Economics" Saint-PetersburgRussia School of Mathematics and Statistics Qingdao UniversityQingdao266071ShandongChina

This paper is devoted to a new class of differential games with continuous and dynamic *** direct application of resource extraction in a case of dynamic and continuous updating is *** is proved that the optimal control(cooperative strategies)and feedback Nash equilibrium strategies uniformly converge to the corresponding strategies in the game model with continuous updating as the number of updating instants converges to *** results are presented for an optimal trajectory(cooperative trajectory),equilibrium trajectory and corresponding payoffs.

关键词： Differential games Dynamic updating Continuous updating Optimal control Feedback Nash equilibrium

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Long-term Speckle Interferometric Monitoring of Binary Systems:2007–2023Positional Measurements and Orbits of Seven Objects

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第9期24卷 147-155页

作者： Arina Mitrofanova Vladimir Dyachenko Anatoly Beskakotov Yuri Balega Alexander Maksimov denis Rastegaev Special Astrophysical Observatory 369167 Nizhnij ArkhyzRussia

The results of seventeen years of speckle interferometric monitoring of seven objects(Chara 122Aa,GJ 3010,HIP1987,GJ 3076,HIP 11253,HIP 11352,and HIP 14929)are *** data were obtained at the 6 m Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science(BTA SAO RAS)from 2007 to the *** of previously published and new measurements made it possible to construct completely new orbits for Chara 122Aa,HIP 11253,and HIP *** orbit of GJ 3076 cannot be constructed accurately due to the large influence of the weights assigned to the *** resulting orbital solutions are classified based on a grading scheme suggested by ***,*** and ***;most orbits are“definitive”(Grade 1).The mass sums and masses of components calculated by two independent methods using Hipparcos and Gaia DR2 and DR3 parallaxes were compared for the objects under study.

关键词： techniques:high angular resolution (stars:)binaries:visual stars:fundamental parameters stars:low-mass stars:solar-type

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