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T型三通管水力特性的数值模拟与试验研究

农业工程学报 2012年第5期28卷 73-77,I0001页

作者：陈江林吕宏兴石喜朱德兰王文娥西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院杨凌712100

为研究T型三通管水流的流动特性,该文进行了试验研究和数值模拟。试验中使用压力传感器监测管道动水压强,数值模拟采用SIMPLEC的求解方法求解Navier-Stokes方程和κ-ε湍流方程。分析不同工况下水头损失的产生机理,得到了不同分流比、... 详细信息

为研究T型三通管水流的流动特性,该文进行了试验研究和数值模拟。试验中使用压力传感器监测管道动水压强,数值模拟采用SIMPLEC的求解方法求解Navier-Stokes方程和κ-ε湍流方程。分析不同工况下水头损失的产生机理,得到了不同分流比、入口流速、管径比对水头损失系数的影响:单管通水时水头损失系数比双管通水时的水头损失系数约大1.01～1.94倍,当入口雷诺数Re相同时垂直支管的水头损失系数比水平支管的水头损失系数约大2.20～2.55倍,不同管径比对垂直支管的水头损失系数影响不明显,水平支管的水头损失系数随管径比的增大而减小。研究结果表明,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,得出的结果对工程有指导意义。

关键词：管道模拟试验水头损失系数分流比管径比

盐渍化农田土壤斥水性与理化性质的空间变异性

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土壤学报 2011年第2期48卷 277-285页

作者：郭丽俊李毅李敏任鑫朱德兰西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室陕西杨凌712100

摘要通过对新疆玛纳斯县盐渍化土壤三个不同尺度（间距分别为50m、5m及0．5m）的284个样点取样分析测定，采用经典统计学、空间自相关、地统计学和分形理论对土壤斥水性与理化性质进行空间格局分析。结果表明：1）土壤斥水性和pH符合正... 详细信息

摘要通过对新疆玛纳斯县盐渍化土壤三个不同尺度（间距分别为50m、5m及0．5m）的284个样点取样分析测定，采用经典统计学、空间自相关、地统计学和分形理论对土壤斥水性与理化性质进行空间格局分析。结果表明：1）土壤斥水性和pH符合正态分布，其余土壤属性符合对数正态分布。三尺度下土壤各属性绝大多数表现为中等变异水平。2）三尺度下土壤各属性的Moran’s I系数变化具有相似性，在-0．8～0．6范围内波动。3）三尺度下土壤各属性的半方差函数理论模型大多数能用球状模型来拟合。4）在一定范围内，土壤各属性具有一定的分形特征，分形维数变化幅度为1．75～1．96。分析表明不同尺度下土壤斥水性与理化性质具有一定的差异。

关键词：土壤斥水性土壤理化性质空间自相关空间变异分形

黄土高原半干旱区山地密植枣林土壤水分特性研究

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水利学报 2015年第3期46卷 263-270页

作者：汪星周玉红汪有科卫新东郭旭新朱德兰西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院陕西杨凌712100 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所陕西杨凌712100 长安大学资源学院陕西西安710054 杨凌职业技术学院陕西杨凌712100

针对陕北黄土丘陵区近年来形成的大规模枣林土壤水分研究薄弱的问题，本研究采用中子仪定位观测方法，探讨了山地密植枣林0~1000 cm土层范围的土壤水分特征变化规律。研究将黄土丘陵半干旱区的密植枣林土壤水分划分为活跃层、难恢复层... 详细信息

针对陕北黄土丘陵区近年来形成的大规模枣林土壤水分研究薄弱的问题，本研究采用中子仪定位观测方法，探讨了山地密植枣林0~1000 cm土层范围的土壤水分特征变化规律。研究将黄土丘陵半干旱区的密植枣林土壤水分划分为活跃层、难恢复层和稳定层。活跃层是土壤0~200 cm土层，该层土壤水分具有明显的逐月动态变化规律，在枣树生育期内，5月是活跃层，土壤水分最干燥期，7月是土壤水分提升最明显期，10月是土壤水分最高期。土壤水分提升规律和枣树耗水规律一致，即在枣树生长旺盛时期，正是土壤水分提升最快的阶段；在枣树休眠结束和开始萌芽时枣林土壤水分出现最低值。枣林土壤水分难恢复层在200 cm以下，其深度取决于枣林年龄，林龄越大该层次越深，12年生密植枣林土壤耗水深度达到540 cm，其中难恢复层厚度为340 cm。难恢复层之下是土壤水分稳定层。研究认为密植枣林土壤耗水深度小于以往研究的刺槐、柠条和苜蓿等土壤水分消耗深度，山地密植枣林模式对今后研究人工林调控土壤水分有积极意义。

关键词：黄土高原半干旱区枣林土壤水分

基于样本流量偏差率的微灌灌水均匀度评价方法

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排灌机械工程学报 2016年第2期34卷 173-178页

作者：鞠学良吴普特朱德兰张林西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所陕西杨凌712100 中国旱区节水农业研究院陕西杨凌712100

为了探索一种简便有效评价大田微灌系统灌水均匀度的新方法,定义了样本流量偏差率.基于灌水器流量服从正态分布的假设,建立了样本流量偏差率与现有灌水均匀度评价指标之间的关系,推导了抽样误差的计算公式,提出了合理的样本容量和样本... 详细信息

为了探索一种简便有效评价大田微灌系统灌水均匀度的新方法,定义了样本流量偏差率.基于灌水器流量服从正态分布的假设,建立了样本流量偏差率与现有灌水均匀度评价指标之间的关系,推导了抽样误差的计算公式,提出了合理的样本容量和样本分组数.建立了基于样本流量偏差率的灌水均匀度评价标准,最终提出了基于样本流量偏差率评价大田微灌灌水均匀度的新方法.案例应用表明:相比图解法,新方法根据数值计算结果评价灌水均匀度,可避免人为画线误差,提高评价结果的可靠度;相比传统数值法,新方法计算量少,可作为快速评价大田微灌系统灌水均匀度的有效方法.

关键词：微灌灌水均匀度样本流量偏差率评价方法

Carbon Emission Effects Driven by Evolution of Chinese Dietary Structure from 1987 to 2020

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 181-194页

作者： zhu Yuanyuan ZHANG Yan zhu Xiaohua Key Laboratory of Geographic Process Analysis&Simulation Hubei Province Central China Normal UniversityWuhan430079China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Exploring carbon emission effects based on the evolution of residents’ dietary structure to achieve the carbon neutrality goal and mitigate climate change is an important *** study took China as the research object(data excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan) and used the carbon emission coefficient method to quantitatively measure the food carbon emissions from 1987–2020,then analyzed the carbon emission effects under the evolution of dietary *** results showed that during the study period,the Chinese dietary structure gradually changed to a high-carbon consumption *** dietary structure of urban residents developed to a balanced one,while that of rural residents developed to a high-quality *** the study period,the per capita food carbon emissions and total food consumption of Chinese showed an increasing *** per capita food carbon emissions of residents in urban and rural showed an overall upward *** total food carbon emissions in urban increased significantly,while that in rural increased first and then *** influence of beef and mutton on carbon emissions is the highest in dietary *** with the balanced dietary pattern,the food carbon emissions of Chinese residents had not yet reached the peak,but were evolving to a high-carbon consumption pattern.

关键词： dietary structure structural evolution carbon emission effects carbon neutrality China

Designing hierarchical structures for innovative cooling textile

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9202-9224页

作者： Xiran Du Jinlei Li Bin zhu Jia zhu National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures College of Engineering and Applied SciencesJiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Sustainable Energy and Resources Nanjing UniversitySuzhou 215163China

The potential of personal cooling technologies in reducing air conditioning energy consumption and enhancing human thermal comfort is *** review focuses on recent advancements in hierarchical structure design for innovative cooling *** with insights into fundamental heat transfer processes between the human body,textile,and the surroundings,we uncover key control *** the advanced hierarchical structure designs enabling effective radiation,sweat evaporation,conduction management,and integration of cold energy sources for realizing effective human body cooling are systematically ***,we explore multifunctional designs beyond cooling,including switchable cooling-heating and ***,we engage in discussions on unifying cooling performance tests and additional multiple requirements to make strides toward practical *** review is anticipated to be a valuable resource,providing the scientific and industrial communities with a quick grasp of past advancements,current challenges,and future directions in achieving effective human body cooling.

关键词： thermal comfort personal cooling textile hierarchical structures

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不同类型灌水器在硬水滴灌条件下的堵塞特征

农业工程学报 2018年第3期34卷 96-102页

作者：刘燕芳李丹吴普特张林朱德兰陈俊英西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院杨凌712100 西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院杨凌712100 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所杨凌712100

为确定硬水滴灌条件下影响灌水器堵塞的主要特征参数,研究6种灌水器在硬水滴灌条件下的平均相对流量和堵塞率的变化规律,通过有序回归方法分析影响灌水器堵塞的特征参数,灌水结束后解剖并观察灌水器内的堵塞情况。结果表明:硬水滴灌条件... 详细信息

为确定硬水滴灌条件下影响灌水器堵塞的主要特征参数,研究6种灌水器在硬水滴灌条件下的平均相对流量和堵塞率的变化规律,通过有序回归方法分析影响灌水器堵塞的特征参数,灌水结束后解剖并观察灌水器内的堵塞情况。结果表明:硬水滴灌条件下6种灌水器的平均相对流量均发生了不同程度的下降,其中灌水器E1和E6因具有较大的过流截面尺寸而表现出了较好的抗堵塞性能;SPSS回归分析显示,显著影响灌水器的抗堵塞性能(P<0.01)的特征参数为灌水器内过流截面宽W和深H中的最小者min(W,H),且灌水器发生堵塞所需要的时间与min(W,H)成正相关关系;解剖灌水器发现,堵塞主要发生在灌水器内具有min(W,H)的截面处。建议硬水滴灌时选择内部过流截面尺寸较大的灌水器,且灌水器内部应避免易引发固体颗粒沉积附着的截面形状和过流结构。

关键词：灌水器回归流量硬水滴灌堵塞

Old Pinus massoniana forests benefit more from recent rapid warming in humid subtropical areas of central-southern China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第5期35卷 155-170页

作者： Wenxin Li Liangjun zhu Lianhua zhu Mengdan Jing Censhi Qian Yu zhu Paolo Cherubini College of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha 410004People’s Republic of China Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL8903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British Columbia2004-2424 Main MallVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada

Trees progress through various growth stages,each marked by specific responses and adaptation strate-gies to environmental *** the importance of age-related growth responses on overall forest health and management policies,limited knowledge exists regarding age-related effects on dendroclimatic relationships in key subtropical tree *** this study,we employed a den-drochronological method to examine the impact of rapid warming on growth dynamics and climatic sensitivity of young(40–60 years)and old(100–180 years)Pinus mas-soniana forests across six sites in central-southern *** normalized log basal area increment of trees in both age groups increased significantly following rapid warming in *** in young forests further showed a distinct growth decline during a prolonged severe drought(2004–2013),whereas those in old forests maintained growth *** growth was more strongly influenced by temperature than by moisture,particularly in old *** tem-peratures strongly and positively impacted the growth of old trees but had a weaker effect on young *** forests had a significantly lower resistance to extreme drought but faster recovery compared to young ***“divergence problem”was more pronounced in younger forests due to their heightened sensitivity to warming-induced drought and heat *** ongoing warming,young forests also may initially experience a growth decline due to their heightened sensitivity to winter *** findings underscore the importance of considering age-dependent changes in forest/tree growth response to warming in subtropical forest man-agement,particularly in the context of achieving“Carbon Peak&Carbon Neutrality”goals in China.

关键词： Tree rings Pinus massoniana Age effects Drought resilience Subtropical forests Rapid warming

Synergistic catalysis of the N-hydroxyphthalimide on flower-like bimetallic metal-organic frameworks for boosting oxidative desulfurization

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 674-682页

作者： Jing He Kun zhu Wei Jiang Dong-Ao zhu Lin-Hua zhu Hai-Yan Huang Wen-Shuai zhu Hua-Ming Li Institute for Energy Research Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013JiangsuChina College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hainan Normal UniversityKey Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan ProvinceHaikou571158HainanChina

Synergic catalytic effect between active sites and supports greatly determines the catalytic activity for the aerobic oxidative desulfurization of fuel *** this work,Ni-doped Co-based bimetallic metal-organic framework(CoNi-MOF)is fabricated to disperse N-hydroxyphthalimide(NHPI),in which the whole catalyst provides plentiful synergic catalytic effect to improve the performance of oxidative desulfurization(ODS).As a bimetallic MOF,the second metal Ni doping results in the flower-like morphology and the modification of electronic properties,which ensure the exposure of NHPI and strengthen the synergistic effect of the overall *** with the monometallic Co-MOF and naked NHPI,the NHPI@CoNi-MOF triggers the efficient activation of molecular oxygen and improves the ODS performance without an *** sulfur removal of dibenzothiophene-based model oil reaches 96.4%over the NHPI@CoNi-MOF catalyst in 8 h of ***,the catalytic product of this aerobic ODS reaction is sulfone,which is adsorbed on the catalyst surface due to the difference in *** work provides new insight and strategy for the design of a strong synergic catalytic effect between NHPI and bimetallic supports toward high-activity aerobic ODS materials.

关键词： Metal-organic frameworks Doped Bimetallic N-hydroxyphthalimide Aerobic processes Oxidative desulfurization