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Predicting Yield and Stability Analysis of Wheat under Different Crop Management Systems across Agro-Ecosystems in India

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第8期8卷 1977-2012页

作者： Mangi Lal Jat raj Kumar Jat Parvinder Singh Shankar Lal Jat Harminder Singh Sidhu Hanuman Sahay Jat deepak Bijarniya Chiter Mal Parihar raj Gupta International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) National Agriculture Science Center (NASC) Complex New Delhi India Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Indian Institute of Maize Research New Delhi India Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) New Delhi India

The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the GxExM for wheat genotypes;2) to predict yield performance and identify high stable wheat genotypes in different management practices;and 3) to make genotype-specific management and high performing genotype recommendations within and across agro-ecological regions. A diverse set of twenty-one genotypes was evaluated over three years (2012, 2013 and 2014) under two levels of crop management practices (CT and ZT) across three agro-ecological regions (BR, MP and PB) of India in replicated trials. Data were analyzed with SASGxE and RGxE programs using SAS and R programming languages, respectively. Across and within a location(s), the pattern of GxExM and GxMxY interactions (respectively) among univariate and multivariate stability statistics, grouping of genotypes in divisive clusters and estimates (with a prediction interval) of genotype varied in management practice CT and ZT. Across locations, the genotypes “Munal” and “HD-2967” were the best performers and high stable in CT and ZT, respectively. Genotypes “HD-2824” and “DPW-621-50”, and “Munal” may serve as diverse parents for developing high quality, climate smart, locally adapted genotypes for BR in CT and ZT, respectively. Genotypes “HD-2932”, “BAZ” and “JW-3288”, and “GW-322” and “HD-2967” are suitable for developing locally adapted stress tolerant genotypes for MP in management practices CT and ZT, respectively. Relatively small GxM and GxExM interactions in PB preclude in making definitive conclusions.

关键词： Stability Analysis GxExM BLUPs Forest Plots GGE Biplot Wheat Univariate Stability Statistics

Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate

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World Journal of Methodology 2017年第3期7卷 73-92页

作者： Ahmed Alaini deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo School of Medicine Renal and Electrolyte Division Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJoan C. Edwards School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineGeorge Washington University Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine Nephrology Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G. Murphy VA Medical Center Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of Medicine

The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and *** scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury.

关键词： Chronic kidney disease Serum creatinine Creatinine clearance Creatinine excretion Estimated glomerular filtration rate Cystatin C Renal imaging Hyperfiltration Biomarkers of chronic kidney disease

Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of substituted 3-(3'-indolyl-/3'-pyridyl)-isoxazolidines and bis-indoles

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2012年第1期2卷 32-41页

作者： Vishal Sharma Raman Kalia Tilak raj Vivek K.Gupta Nitasha Suri Ajit K.Saxena deepak Sharma Surinderjit S.Bhella Gurpinder Singh Mohan Paul S.Ishar Bio-Organic and Photochemistry Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar 143005India Pharmacology Division Indian Institute of Integrative MedicineJammu 180001India Post-Graduate Department of Physics University of JammuJammu Tawi 180006India

Regio-and stereoselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of C-(3-indolyl)-N-phenylnitrone(10)were carried out with different mono-substituted,disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles under mono-mode microwave irradiation to obtain substituted 3-(indol-30-yl)-N-phenyl-isoxazolidines(16–22).Reactions of nitrone(10)with allenic esters under similar conditions afforded,via a domino process,bis-indole derivatives(23a–c)along with compounds 24 and ***,reactions of C-(3-pyridyl)-N-phenylnitrone(26)with mono-substituted,disubstituted and cyclic dipolarophiles were carried out in refluxing dry toluene to obtain substituted 3-(30-pyridyl)-Nphenylisoxazolidines(27–34).Some of the compounds(16f,18b,23a,23c,27c and 29f)display significant cytotoxicity against a number of human cancer cell lines.

关键词： 3-Indolylisoxazolidines 3-Pyridylisoxazolidines Bis-indoles 1,3-Dipolar cycloadditions Modified nucleosides Cytotoxic activity

Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment

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World Journal of Nephrology 2017年第1期6卷 1-13页

作者： Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S raj deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas Renal-Electrolyte Division Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15260United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Department of Medicine Strich School of MedicineLoyola University ChicagoMaywoodIL 60153United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20037United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of ToledoToledoOH 43614-5809United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJos University Teaching HospitalJosPlateau State 930001Nigeria Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineMarshall University Joan C.EdwardsHuntingtonWV 25701United States Informatics Section Medicine ServiceRaymond G.Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States Department of Medicine University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States Marshall University Joan C.Edwards School of Medicine HuntingtonWV 25701United States Section of Nephrology Medicine Service(111C)Raymond G.Murphy Veterans Affairs Medical CenterAlbuquerqueNM 78108United States

Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and long-term neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia. Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake, gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia. Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic, euvolemic or hypo-volemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and, if present, sodium defcit, and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia. Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components, solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the frst component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fuid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtainedby the corrected sodium concentration, which representsa calculated value of the serum sodium concentrationthat would result from reduction of the serum glucoseconcentration to a normal level.

关键词： Hypertonicity Hypernatremia Osmotic diuresis Hyperglycemia Water diuresis

Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice

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World Journal of Nephrology 2018年第1期7卷 1-28页

作者： Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos deepak Malhotra Dominic S raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineJoan Edwards School of MedicineMarshall UniversityHuntingtonWV 25701United States Division of Renal and Electrolyte Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15260United States Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo School of MedicineToledoOH 43614-5809United States Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension Department of MedicineGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20037United States Division of Nephology Department of MedicineJos University Medical CenterJosPlateau State 930001Nigeria Research Service Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87108United States 不详

The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illne

关键词： Body fluids Body water Extracellular volume Hypertonicity Hypotonicity Congestive heart failure Hepatic cirrhosis Sepsis Nephrotic syndrome

The role of active case finding in reducing patient incurred catastrophic costs for tuberculosis in Nepal

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 61-75页

作者： Suman Chandra Gurung Kritika Dixit Bhola Rai Maxine Caws Puskar raj Paudel Raghu Dhital Shraddha Acharya Gangaram Budhathoki deepak Malla Jens W.Levy Job van Rest Knut Lonnroth Kerri Viney Andrew Ramsay Tom Wingfield Buddha Basnyat Anil Thapa Bertie Squire Duolao Wang Gokul Mishra Kashim Shah Anil Shrestha Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha Birat Nepal Medical Trust KathmanduNepal Department of Clinical Sciences Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation The HagueNetherlands Department of Public Health Sciences Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Research School of Population Health Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia University of St Andrews St AndrewsUK University of Liverpool LiverpoolUK Oxford University Clinical Research Unit KathmanduNepal National Tuberculosis Centre BhaktapurNepal Nick Simons Institute LalitpurNepal Institute for Health Technology Assessment Porto AlegreBrazil

Background:The World Health Organization(WHO)End TB Strategy has established a milestone to reduce the number of tuberculosis(TB)-affected households facing catastrophic costs to zero by *** role of active case finding(ACF)in reducing patient costs has not been determined *** study therefore aimed to compare costs incurred by TB patients diagnosed through ACF and passive case finding(PCF),and to determine the prevalence and intensity of patient-incurred catastrophic costs in ***:The study was conducted in two districts of Nepal:Bardiya and Pyuthan(Province No.5)between June and August *** hundred patients were included in this study in a 1:1 ratio(PCF:ACF,25 consecutive ACF and 25 consecutive PCF patients in each district).The WHO TB patient costing tool was applied to collect information from patients or a member of their family regarding indirect and direct medical and non-medical *** costs were calculated based on the proportion of patients with total costs exceeding 20%of their annual household *** intensity of catastrophic costs was calculated using the positive overshoot *** chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare proportions and ***,the Mantel Haenszel test was performed to assess the association between catastrophic costs and type of ***:Ninety-nine patients were interviewed(50 ACF and 49 PCF).Patients diagnosed through ACF incurred lower costs during the pre-treatment period(direct medical:USD 14 vs USD 32,P=0.001;direct non-medical:USD 3 vs USD 10,P=0.004;indirect,time loss:USD 4 vs USD 13,P<0.001).The cost of the pre-treatment and intensive phases combined was also lower for direct medical(USD 15 vs USD 34,P=0.002)and non-medical(USD 30 vs USD 54,P=0.022)costs among ACF *** prevalence of catastrophic direct costs was lower for ACF patients for all thresholds.A lower intensity of catastrophic costs was also documented for ACF patients,altho

关键词： Tuberculosis Case finding Cost Catastrophic cost Patient-incurred cost Nepal