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Characterization of Ion Contents and Metabolic Responses to Salt Stress of Different Arabidopsis AtHKT1;1 Genotypes and Their Parental Strains

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 350-368页

作者： Camilla B. Hill deepa.jha Antony Bacic Mark Tester Ute Roessner Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics University of Adelaide Waite Campus Glen Osmond 5064 SA Australia Metabolomics Australia School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls School of Botany University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia

Plants employ several strategies to maintain cellular ion homeostasis under salinity stress, including mediat-ing ion fluxes by transmembrane transport proteins and adjusting osmotic pressure by accumulating osmolytes. The HKT （high-affinity potassium transporter） gene family comprises Na^＋ and Na^＋/K^＋ transporters in diverse plant species, with HKT1,1 as the only member in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cell-type-specific overexpression of AtHKT1;1 has been shown to prevent shoot Na^＋ overaccumulation under salinity stress. Here, we analyzed a broad range of metabolites and elements in shoots and roots of different AtHKT1;1 genotypes and their parental strains before and after salinity stress, revealing a reciprocal relationship of metabolite differences between an AtHKT1;1 knockout line （hktl;1） and the AtHKT1;1 overex- pressing lines （E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 and J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1）. Although levels of root sugars were increased after salt stress in both AtHKTI,1 overexpressing lines, E2586 UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher accumulation of the osmopro-tectants trehalose, gentiobiose, and melibiose, whereas J2731＊UASGAL4：HKT1;1 showed higher levels of sucrose and raffinose, compared with their parental lines, respectively. In contrast, the knockout line hktl,1 showed strong increases in the levels of the tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle intermediates in the shoots after salt treatment. This coincided with a significant depletion of sugars, suggesting that there is an increased rate of carbon influx into the TCA cycle at a constant rate of C-efflux from the cycle, which might be needed to support plant survival during salt stress. Using correlation analysis, we identified associations between the Na^＋ content and several sugars, suggesting that regulation of sugar metabolism is important in plant responses to salinity stress.

关键词： abiotic stress salinity salt tolerance HKT sodium transporter, metabolomics enhancer trap system.

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Monitoring and assessment of underground climatic conditions using sensors and GIS tools

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第4期30卷 495-499页

作者： Ankit jha Purushotham Tukkaraja Department of Mining Engineering and Management SDSM&TRapid CitySD 57701USA

Monitoring and assessment of underground climatic conditions are necessary to identify potential hazards and initiate remedial measures in advance that otherwise would lead to disastrous *** paper discusses the concept of real-time monitoring and assessment of climatic conditions in a typical underground mine using sensors and GIS tools by utilizing a laboratory scale *** ventilation parameters including temperature,humidity,and gas concentrations were monitored using sensors in a laboratory setting and various ratios and indices proposed by previous researchers for interpreting fire gases and spontaneous combustion conditions are predicted from the monitored *** tools were used to display this information in real-time on a mine map that would help in creating a safe and comfortable working environment for personnel and equipment working underground.

关键词： GIS Real-time monitoring Hazards

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Adaptive Linear Quadratic Regulator for Continuous-Time Systems With Uncertain Dynamics

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2020年第3期7卷 833-841页

作者： Sumit Kumar jha Shubhendu Bhasin IEEE Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology AllahabadPrayagraj-211004India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology DelhiNew Delhi-110016India

In this paper, adaptive linear quadratic regulator(LQR) is proposed for continuous-time systems with uncertain dynamics. The dynamic state-feedback controller uses inputoutput data along the system trajectory to continuously adapt and converge to the optimal controller. The result differs from previous results in that the adaptive optimal controller is designed without the knowledge of the system dynamics and an initial stabilizing policy. Further, the controller is updated continuously using input-output data, as opposed to the commonly used switched/intermittent updates which can potentially lead to stability issues. An online state derivative estimator facilitates the design of a model-free controller. Gradient-based update laws are developed for online estimation of the optimal gain. Uniform exponential stability of the closed-loop system is established using the Lyapunov-based analysis, and a simulation example is provided to validate the theoretical contribution.

关键词： Adaptive optimal control continuous policy update linear quadratic regulator uncertain system dynamics

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Temporal patterns of storage and flux of N and P in young Teak plantations of tropical moist deciduous forest,India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 75-86页

作者： Kaushalendra Kumar jha Technical Forestry Indian Institute of Forest Management

Teak （Tectona grandis Linn. f.） ranks among the top five tropical hardwood species and is being promoted for use in plantations in its non-native range due to its high economic value. However, there is a general lack of data on ecosystem functioning of teak plantations. We aimed at understanding storage and flux of nutrients related to young plantations of teak. Cycling of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） in a chronosequence of plantations （1, 5, 11, 18, 24 and 30 years） was studied in the Moist Deciduous Forest Region of North India with the objective of investigating the nutrient cycling pattern at younger age since the current trend of harvesting age of the species in several tropical countries is being drastically reduced for quick return from this high value crop. Standing state, nutrient uptake, nutrient return and nutrient retransloca-tion in these plantations were estimated by tree harvesting and chemical analysis methods. The range of total standing nutrient across all these plantations was 20.3 to 586.6 kg？ha-1 for N and 5.3 to 208.8 kg？ha-1 for P. Net uptake of N ranged from 19.4 to 88.9 kg？ha-1？a-1 and P from 3.8 to 18.1 kg？ha-1？a-1. Retranslocation of N and P among all the stands ranged from 8.7 to 48.0 kg？ha-1？a-1 and 0.01 to 3.5 kg？ha-1？a-1, respectively. Range of total nutrient return was 25.8 to 91.3 kg？ha-1？a-1 for N and 2.7 to 10.1 kg？ha-1？a-1 for P. N and P use efficiency was between 107.4 and 192.5 g dry organic matter （OM） g-1N, and 551.9 and 841.1 g OM g-1P, respec-tively. The turnover time ranged from 2.04-13.17 years for N and be-tween 2.40-22.66 years for P. Quantity of N and P in the soil nutrient pool ranged from 2566.8 to 4426.8 kg？ha-1 and 372 to 520 kg？ha-1, re-spectively. Storage and flux of components in different plant parts of different aged plantations were assessed and depicted in compartment models. Percentage storage in soil, litter and vegetation ranged from 82% to 99%, 0.6% to 2.4% and 0.5% to 15% for N, respectively, and from

关键词： nutrient uptake standing state return turnover time nutrient use efficiency compartment model harvest loss Tectona grandis

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Dietary fiber in poultry nutrition and their effects on nutrient utilization,performance,gut health,and on the environment:a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 1-16页

作者： Rajesh jha Pravin Mishra Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Dietary fiber(DF)was considered an antinutritional factor due to its adverse effects on feed intake and nutrient ***,with increasing evidence,scientists have found that DF has enormous impacts on the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)development,digestive physiology,including nutrient digestion,fermentation,and absorption processes of *** may help maintain the small and large intestine’s integrity by strengthening mucosal structure and functions and increasing the population and diversity of commensal bacteria in the *** DF content benefits digestive physiology by stimulating GIT development and enzyme *** the inclusion of fiber at a moderate level in diets also alters poultry growth *** improves gut health by modulating beneficial microbiota in the large intestine and enhancing immune ***,determining the source,type,form,and level of DF inclusion is of utmost importance to achieve the above-noted *** paper critically reviews the available information on dietary fibers used in poultry and their effects on nutrient utilization,GIT development,gut health,and poultry *** these functions will help develop nutrition programs using proper DF at an appropriate inclusion level that will ultimately lead to enhanced DF utilization,overall health,and improved poultry growth ***,this review will help researchers and industry identify the sources,type,form,and amount of DF to be used in poultry nutrition for healthy,costeffective,and eco-friendly poultry production.

关键词： Chicken Dietary fiber Environment Gastrointestinal tract Immunity Intestinal microbiota

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Biomass production and carbon balance in two hybrid poplar(Populus euramericana)plantations raised with and without agriculture in southern France

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1689-1701页

作者： Kaushalendra Kumar jha UMR Systems Institute Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique2 place Pierre Viala34060 MontpellierFrance Technical Forestry Indian Institute of Forest ManagementBhopalIndia

Poplar is useful in different climates for bioenergy production and carbon sequestration when planted as a single species or in agroforestry. Europe has large areas potentially suitable for poplar forestry and a bioenergy policy that would encourage poplar forestry. In this study I estimated biomass production and carbon sequestration in poplar monoculture plantation and poplar-wheat agroforestry, in the Mediterranean region of France. A single-tree harvesting method was used to estimate biomass and an empirical conversion factor was adopted to calculate sequestered carbon. Total biomass was higher in agroforestry trees(1223 kg tree) than in monoculture plantation trees(1102 kg tree).Aboveground and belowground biomass distributions were similar in both cases(89 and 88% aboveground, and 11 and12% belowground, respectively in agroforestry and monoculture). The partitioning of total biomass in an agroforestry tree in leaves, branch, and trunk(aboveground), and fine roots, medium roots, coarse roots and underground stem(belowground) was 1,22,and 77,and 6,9, 44 and 40%,respectively. Except for branch and trunk, all other compartments were similarly distributed in a monoculture *** of C was higher in agroforestry trees(612 kg tree)than in monoculture trees(512 kg tree). In contrast, C storage on a per hectare basis was lower in agroforestry(85 Mg ha) than in monoculture(105 Mg ha) due to the lower density of trees per hectare in agroforestry(139 trees in agroforestry vs 204 trees in monoculture). On a per hectare basis, soil C stocks pattern were similar to per tree stocking:They were higher in agroforestry at 330 Mg hathan in monoculture 304 Mg ha. Higher C accumulation by agroforestry has a direct management implication in the sense that expanding agroforestry into agriculture production areas with short rotation and fast growing trees like poplar would encourage quicker and greater C sequestration. This could simultaneously fulfil the requirement of bioenergy

关键词： Populus euramericana Wood volume and density Root:shoot ratio Vegetation and soil carbon System efficiency

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Carbon storage and sequestration rate assessment and allometric model development in young teak plantations of tropical moist deciduous forest, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第3期26卷 589-604页

作者： Kaushalendra Kumar jha Technical Forestry Indian Institute of Forest ManagementPO Box No. 357 Nehru Nagar Bhopal 462 003 MP India

Carbon （C） sequestration through plantations is one of the important mitigation measures for rising levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This study aimed to assess C stocks and their sequestration rate, and to develop allometric models for estimation of C stocking in age-series young teak （Tectona grandis） planta- tions （1, 5, 11, 18, 24 and 30 years） by using biomass and productivity estimation and regression, respectively. These plantations were raised in tropical moist deciduous forests of Kumaun Himalayan tarai. Total C stocks estimated for these plantations were 1.6, 15.8, 35.4, 39.0, 61.5 and 73.2 Mg ha-1, respectively. Aboveground and belowground C storage in- creased with increasing plantation age; however, the range of their percentage contribution showed little variation （87.8-88.2 and 11.7-12.7 %, respectively）, The rate of C sequestration for these respective plantations was 1.06, 6.95, 5.46, 5.42, 3.39 and 5.37 Mg ha-1 a-1. Forty percent of the aboveground annual storage was retained in the tree while 60 % was released in the form of foliage, twigs, and fruit litter. In the case of total （tree） annual production, 43 % was retained while 57 % was released as litter including root. C stock, C sequestration rate, accumulation ratio （1.4-18.1）, root：shoot C ratio （0.61--0.13） and production efficiency （0.01-0.18） were comparable to some previous reports for other species and forests. These data could be useful in deciding the harvesting age for young teak with respect to C storage and sequestrationrate. Four allometric models using linear regression equations were developed between biomass （twice the C stock） and diameter, girth, and height of the tree at different ages. The diameter model was found more suitable for C stock predic- tion in similar areas.

关键词： Age series Biomass Carbon budget DBH Productivity Production ratios Regression equations -Tectona grandis

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HIGH ORDER ACCURATE QUINTIC NONPOLYNOMIAL SPLINE FINITE DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS FOR THE NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF NON-LINEAR TWO POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2014年第1期5卷 132-147页

作者： NAVNIT jha Department of Mathematics South Asian University Chanakyapuri New Delhi-110021India

We develop a new sixth-order accurate numerical scheme for the solution of two point boundary value *** scheme uses nonpolynomial spline basis and high order finite difference *** the help of spline functions,we derive consistency conditions and it is used to derive high order discretizations of the first *** resulting difference schemes are solved by the standard Newton’s method and have very small computing *** new method is analyzed for its convergence and the efficiency of the proposed scheme is illustrated by convection-diffusion problem and nonlinear Lotka–Volterra *** order of convergence and maximum absolute errors are computed to present the utility of the new scheme.

关键词： Maximum absolute errors order of convergence trigonometric spline Lotka-Volterra equation convection-diffusion equations

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Structural reliability analysis using a hybrid HDMR-ANN method

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Journal of Central South University 2017年第11期24卷 2532-2541页

作者： Bhaw Nath jha LI Hong-shuang Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for National Defense-Advanced Design Technology of Flight Vehicles Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

A new hybrid method is proposed to estimate the failure probability of a structure subject to random parameters. The high dimensional model representation(HDMR) combined with artificial neural network(ANN) is used to approximate implicit limit state functions in structural reliability analysis. HDMR facilitates the lower dimensional approximation of the original limit states function. For evaluating the failure probability, a first-order HDMR approximation is constructed by deploying sampling points along each random variable axis and hence obtaining the structural responses. To reduce the computational effort of the evaluation of limit state function, an ANN surrogate is trained based on the sampling points from HDMR. The component of the approximated function in HDMR can be regarded as the input of the ANN and the response of limit state function can be regarded as the target for training an ANN surrogate. This trained ANN surrogate is used to obtain structural outputs instead of directly calling the numerical model of a structure. After generating the ANN surrogate, Monte Carlo simulation(MCS) is performed to obtain the failure probability, based on the trained ANN surrogate. Three numerical examples are used to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.

关键词： high dimensional model representation structural reliability artificial neural network failure probability

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Strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota and their effects on nutrient utilization, performance, and health of poultry

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 529-539页

作者： Sudhir Yadav Rajesh jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal Sciences College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources University of Hawaii at Manoa

Poultry is widely produced and consumed meat *** demand is expected to continue increasing to meet the animal protein requirement for ever-increasing human ***,the challenge that poultry scientists and industry face are to produce sufficient amount of poultry meat in the most efficient *** the past,using antibiotics to promote the growth of poultry and manage gut microbiota was a ***,due to concerns over potential fatalistic impacts on food animals and indirectly to humans,their use as feed additives are banned or regulated in several *** this changed context,several alternative strategies have been proposed with some success that mimics the functions of antibiotics as growth promoters and modulate gut microbiota for their beneficial *** include the use of probiotics,prebiotics,organic acids,and exogenous enzyme,among *** microbiota and their metabolic products improve nutrient digestion,absorption,metabolism,and overall health and growth performance of *** paper reviews the available information on the effect of feed additives used to modulate intestinal microbiota of poultry and their effects on overall health and growth *** these functions and interactions will help to develop new dietary and managerial strategies that will ultimately lead to enhanced feed utilization and improved growth performance of *** review will help future researchers and industry to identify alternative feed ingredients having properties like prebiotics,probiotics,organic acids,and exogenous enzymes.

关键词： Enzymes Microbiota Organic acids Poultry Prebiotics Probiotics

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