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Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： John G.INNES Grant NORBURY Araceli SAMANIEGO Susan WALKER deborah J.WILSON Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all *** order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat ***,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat *** management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual *** describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration *** challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by *** 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat ***“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant *** with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main *** Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by *** vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and *** large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating probiotics in athletic and physically active populations

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： Alex E.Mohr David B.Pyne Geovana Silva Fogaça Leite deborah Akins Jamie Pugh college of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia Laboratory of Functional Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public *** has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut ***,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study *** objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active ***:Four databases(MEDLINE,cINAHL,cochrane cENTRAL,and cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active *** intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were *** peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date *** were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and *** in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 ***:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over *** half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain *** probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 *** than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut *** sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated ***-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied *** risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some s

关键词： Exercise Experimental methodology Gastrointestinal symptoms Gut microbiota Probiotic supplementation

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Interactions between maternal parity and feed additives drive the composition of pig gut microbiomes in the post‑weaning period

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1241-1257页

作者： Kayla Law Eduardo Rosa Medina Garcia chad Hastad deborah Murray Pedro E.Urriola Andres Gomez Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1364 Eckles AvenueSaint PaulMN 55108USA New Fashion Pork 164 Industrial ParkwayJacksonMN 56143USA

Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare *** challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous *** is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig ***,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic *** weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and cu(con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and cu(Preb+Zncu).Results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(R^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).The fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(Pces in community composition observed at d 21(R^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:R^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:R^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(R^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+Zncu *** Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance

关键词： Aspergillus prebiotic copper Feed additives Maternal Nursery pig microbiome Parity Swine microbiome Trace minerals Zinc

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A Theoretically Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Evaluating Machine common Sense

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 1-28页

作者： Henrique Santos Ke Shen Alice M.Mulvehill Mayank Kejriwal deborah L.McGuinness Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Information Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA

Achieving machine common sense has been a longstanding problem within Artificial *** far,benchmark data sets that are grounded in a theory of common sense and can be used to conduct rigorous,semantic evaluations of common sense reasoning(cSR)systems have been *** expectation of the AI community is that neuro-symbolic reasoners can help bridge this gap towards more dependable systems with common *** propose a novel benchmark,called Theoretically Grounded common sense Reasoning(TG-cSR),modeled as a set of question answering instances,with each instance grounded in a semantic category of common sense,such as space,time,and *** benchmark is few-shot i.e.,only a few training and validation examples are provided in the public release to avoid the possibility of *** from recent evaluations suggest that TG-cSR is challenging even for state-of-the-art statistical *** to its semantic rigor,this benchmark can be used to evaluate the common sense reasoning capabilities of neuro-symbolic systems.

关键词： reasoning Intelligence instance

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Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 817-834页

作者： Nathan Meijer Lisa Zoet Theo de Rijk Paul Zomer deborah Rjkers H.J.van der Fels-Klerx Joop J.A.van Loon Wageningen Food Safety Research(WFSR) Part of Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Bestico B.V. Industrieweg 6Berkel en RodenrjsThe Netherlands Plant Sciences Group Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenTheNetherlands

Black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed *** insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing *** study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species'*** toxicity of two"model"substances for each of these classes(cypermethrin;pirimiphosmethyl)was quantified,with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide(PBO).critical effect doses corresponding to 10%yield(cED10)for cypermethrin(0.4 mg/kg)and pirimiphos-methyl(4.8 mg/kg)were *** addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor *** data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class(permethrin,deltamethrin;chlorpyrifosmethyl,malathion).Results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in *** to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic *** the tested substances,deltamethrin was most toxic,causing 94%yield at 0.5 mg/*** results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance-and concentration-specific,but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of *** of organophosphates was overall low(ct biomass(~0.01 mg/kg),high transfer may result in *** is recommended that rearing companies implement lower contractual thresholds,and that policymakers consider adjusting legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.

关键词： feed insects pesticides rearing substrate

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension among People Living with HIV Receiving care in Three Large HIV clinics in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

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World Journal of AIDS 2024年第1期14卷 1-17页

作者： Prosper Okonkwo Oluseye Ajayi deborah Babatunde Dimas Mercy Ezekiel Program Department APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria community Medicine Department Bingham University Karu Nigeria Prevention and community Service Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria Health System Strengthening Directorate APIN Public Health Initiatives Abuja Nigeria

In the last decade, the long-term survival among people living with HIV (PLHIV) has significantly improved. This is accompanied by an increased burden of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension due to the combined effect of the aging population and the metabolic effect of the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) virion and antiretroviral therapy. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among people living with HIV in three large health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study employed a multistage sampling technique to select 309 adults with HIV, 18 years and above, receiving HIV care in three large health facilities in Nasarawa State. The outcome variable was the participants’ self-reported history of hypertension, confirmed through a positive history of hypertension treatment. Exposure variables included the participant’s socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and HIV care and treatment history. Data were presented using frequency tables. Factors associated with hypertension were assessed using binary logistic regression at a 0.05 level of statistical significance. A total of 309 adults living with HIV were sampled. A larger percentage of the participants were married 228 (73.8%), female, 191 (61.8%), within the age group 41 - 50 years, 141 (45.6%). Most of the participants had no family history of hypertension, 188 (60.8%). The prevalence of self-reported hypertension was 11.0% (34/309). Factors associated with hypertension at the bivariate level were age group 21 - 30 years, 41 - 50 years, being widow/widower, divorced, retired from employment or with family history of hypertension. Only participants age group 31 - 40 years [Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR): 0.18, 95%cI: 0.04 - 0.91, p = 0.04] and family history of hypertension [(AOR): 83.44, 95%cI: 15.75 - 442.11, p ct hypertension among the study participants after adjusting for confounders. In c

关键词： HIV HIV care Hypertension Hypertension Prevalence Nigeria PLHIV

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Forest Magic

语数外学习(初中版) 2024年第2期 1-1页

作者： deborah Reidy

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L-Arginine Supplementation Mitigates Dichlorvos-Induced Haematocardiotoxicity, and Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rats

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1886-1903页

作者： Waidi Adeoye Saka Yusuff Dimeji Igbayilola Jabba Hamidu Lawan Taoheed Kolawole Muftaudeen Ridwanullahi Adejumo Tolulope deborah Alu Mary Ikuomola Joshua Tinuade Ojelere Victor Odufa Adegoke Department of Physiology College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Oyo State Nigeria Department of Human Physiology College of Medicine and Health Sciences Baze University Abuja Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences Baze University Abuja Nigeria

Due to its toxicity, dichlorvos—a common organophosphate pesticide—poses significant risks to human health. This study utilized male Wistar rats to explore the potential protective effects of L-arginine supplementation against dichlorvos-induced toxicity, focusing on cardiotoxicity, haematotoxicity and oxidative stress. The rats were divided into four groups: control, L-arginine (L), Dichlorvos (D), and L-arginine + Dichlorvos (L + D). Dichlorvos was administered to the D group, L-arginine (100 mg/kg) to the L group, and both L-arginine and dichlorvos to the L + D group. The study evaluated various parameters, including cardiovascular, oxidative stress markers, and haematological indices. Significant changes in haematological parameters such as haemoglobin (Hb), haematocrit (HcT), and red blood cell count (RBc) indicated haematotoxicity after dichlorvos administration. Additionally, elevated cardiac markers, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (cK-MB), suggested cardiotoxic effects. Exposure to dichlorvos also resulted in decreased antioxidant enzyme levels and increased oxidative stress indicators like malondialdehyde (MDA). Remarkably, L-arginine supplementation mitigated the damage caused by dichlorvos. It normalized the altered haematological parameters, demonstrating its protective effect against haematotoxicity. The rise in cardiac markers was reduced with L-arginine supplementation, indicating protection against cardiotoxicity. Moreover, L-arginine significantly decreased oxidative stress, as evidenced by lower MDA levels and restored antioxidant enzyme activity. In conclusion, L-arginine supplementation in male Wistar rats showed promising protective effects against dichlorvos-induced cardiotoxicity, haematotoxicity and oxidative stress. This suggests that L-arginine may offer a beneficial intervention to mitigate the adverse effects of dichlorvos on blood and heart health, paving the way for potential treatments for pesticide poison

关键词： Dichlorvos L-Arginine cardiovascular Function Haematological Parameters Oxidative Stress

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and pneumomediastinum in an anti-TNFαnaive patient with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第15期15卷 1897-1900页

作者： James c Lee deborah c Bell Richard M Guinness Tariq Ahmad Department of Gastroenterology Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital

We report the case of a 21-year-old man who was noted to have pneumomediastinum during an admission for an acute flare of ulcerative colitis. At that time, he was on maintenance treatment with azathioprine at a dose of 2.25 mg/kg per day, and had not received supplementary steroids for 9 mo. He had never received anti-tumor necrosis factor （TNF）α therapy. Shortly after apparently effective treatment with intravenous steroids and an increased dose of azathioprine, he developed worsening colitic and new respiratory symptoms, and was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci （carinii） pneumonia （PcP）. Pneumomediastinum is rare in immunocompetent hosts, but is a recognized complication of PcP in human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） patients, although our patient＇s HIV test was negative. Treatment of PcP with co-trimoxazole resulted in resolution of both respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, without the need to increase the steroid dose. There is increasing vigilance for opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease following the advent of anti-TNFα therapy. This case emphasizes the importance of considering the possibility of such infections in all patients with inflammatory bowel disease, irrespective of the immunosuppressants they receive, and highlights the potential of steroid-responsive opportunistic infections to mimic worsening colitic symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis.

关键词： Pneumocystis jiroveci Ulcerative colitis Pneumomediastinum Azathioprine corticosteroids