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A Theoretical.y Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Eval.ating Machine Common Sense

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Data Intel.igence 2024年第1期6卷 1-28页

作者： Henrique Santos Ke Shen Al.ce M.Mul.ehil. Mayank Kejriwal.deborah l.McGuinness Renssel.er Pol.technic Institute Troy NY Information Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA

Achieving machine common sense has been a l.ngstanding probl.m within Artificial.*** far,benchmark data sets that are grounded in a theory of common sense and can be used to conduct rigorous,semantic eval.ations of common sense reasoning(CSR)systems have been *** expectation of the AI community is that neuro-symbol.c reasoners can hel. bridge this gap towards more dependabl. systems with common *** propose a novel.benchmark,cal.ed Theoretical.y Grounded common sense Reasoning(TG-CSR),model.d as a set of question answering instances,with each instance grounded in a semantic category of common sense,such as space,time,and *** benchmark is few-shot i.e.,onl. a few training and val.dation exampl.s are provided in the publ.c rel.ase to avoid the possibil.ty of *** from recent eval.ations suggest that TG-CSR is chal.enging even for state-of-the-art statistical.*** to its semantic rigor,this benchmark can be used to eval.ate the common sense reasoning capabil.ties of neuro-symbol.c systems.

关键词： reasoning Intel.igence instance

A systematic scoping review of study methodol.gy for randomized control.ed trial. investigating probiotics in athl.tic and physical.y active popul.tions

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： Al.x E.Mohr David B.Pyne Geovana Sil.a Fogaça l.ite deborah Akins Jamie Pugh Col.ege of Heal.h Sol.tions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia l.boratory of Functional.Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

Background:The purported ergogenic and heal.h effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the l.y publ.c *** has al.o been an increased research focus within the real. of sports science and exercise medicine on the athl.tic gut ***,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary suppl.ments,probiotics present unique study *** objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodol.gies of randomized control.ed trial. investigating suppl.mentation with probiotics in athl.tes and physical.y active ***:Four databases(MEDl.NE,CINAHl.Cochrane CENTRAl.and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized control.ed studies invol.ing heal.hy athl.tes or physical.y active *** intervention with probiotics and incl.sion of a control.and/or pl.cebo group were *** peer-reviewed articl.s in Engl.sh were considered,and there were no date *** were extracted and presented in tabul.r form to detail.study protocol.,characteristics,and *** in randomized control.ed trial. was determined with the RoB 2.0 ***:A total.of 45 studies were incl.ded in the review,with 35 using a paral.el.group design and 10 using a cross-over *** hal. the studies used a singl. probiotic and the other hal. a mul.i-strain *** probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)col.ny forming units dail.,and the l.ngth of intervention was between 7 and 150 *** than hal. the studies directl. assessed gastrointestinal.symptoms,gut permeabil.ty,or the gut *** sex ratio of participants was heavil. weighted toward mal.s,and onl. 3 studies excl.sivel. investigated ***-l.vel.adverse events were reported in onl. 2 studies,al.hough the methodol.gy of reporting varied *** risk of bias was general.y l.w,al.hough detail. on randomization were l.cking in some s

关键词： Exercise Experimental.methodol.gy Gastrointestinal.symptoms Gut microbiota Probiotic suppl.mentation

Systemic Signal.ng and l.cal.Sensing of Phosphate in Common Bean： Cross-Tal. between Photosynthate and MicroRNA399

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Mol.cul.r Pl.nt 2010年第2期3卷 428-437页

作者： Jun-Qi l.u deborah l. Al.an Carrol. R Vance Department of Agronomy and Pl.nt Genetics University of Minnesota St Paul MN 55108 USA Department of Soil Water and Climate University of Minnesota. St Paul MN 55108 USA United States Department of Agricul.ure Agricultural Research Service St Paul MN 55108 USA

Shoot-to-root communication is crucial.for pl.nt accl.mation to phosphorus （P）-deficiency. Both sugars and miRNAs have been impl.cated as potential.signal.mol.cul.s transported through phl.em from shoot to root for the reg- ul.tion of gene expression and Pi uptake in the root. By studying the expression patterns of both a serine/threonine phos- phatase gene （PvHAD1） and microRNA399 （miR399） in common bean （Phaseol.s vul.aris l.）, we provide evidence for the interaction between l.ght, phl.em transport, and miR399 in the systemic regul.tion of gene expression under P-deficiency. Especial.y, miR399 expression in both the shoot and the root requires photosynthetic carbon assimil.tion during the onset of P-deficiency. In contrast to systemic signal.ng, l.cal.sensing was the primary causal.factor for rapid down-regul.tion of PvHAD1 by Pi prior to the reduction of miR399 l.vel.in P-deficient roots. Furthermore, this initial.response to Pi in P-de- ficient root was al.o mimicked by the Pi anal.g, phosphonate （Phi）. Our current findings suggest that pl.nts have devel.ped a highl. coordinated dual.regul.tory pathway, namel. l.ng-distance signal.ng of P-deficiency from shoot to root versus l.cal.sensing of Pi in the root.

关键词： Roots nutrient stress photosynthate signal.ng.

Bioaccumul.tion of toxic hydrophobic organic compounds at the primary trophic l.vel

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 1991年第3期3卷 15-21页

作者： deborah l.Swackhamer Environmental.and Occupational.Heal.h School.of Publ.c Heal.h University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA.

The prevail.ng hypothesis, which states that the uptake of HOCs by phytopl.nkton is control.ed by the compound's l.pophil.city (Kow) was tested. The approach taken was to determine the factors that control.ed the uptake of PCBs by phytopl.nkton under control.ed l.boratory conditions, and to devel.p a model.that woul. describe bioaccumul.tion of PCBs in *** resul.s demonstrate a rel.tionship of BAF to Kow and to phytopl.nkton surface properties, as wel. as the data presented here, support the hypothesis that the mechanism of HOC uptake is a rapid surface sorption fol.owed by a sl.wer transfer into l.pids in the cel. matrix. The work on the kinetics of uptake indicates that equil.brium is reached sl.wl. and that the rate of uptake is of simil.r magnitude as phytopl.nkton growth under normal.fiel. *** a critical.factor that control. the bioaccumul.tion of HOCs reach equil.brium in phytopl.nkton itsel..

关键词： bioaccumul.tion hydrophobic organic compounds PCBs phytopl.nkton dynamic approach.

Interrel.tionship of soil.moisture and temperature to syl.atic pl.gue cycl. among prairie dogs in the Western United States

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Integrative Zool.gy 2021年第6期16卷 852-867页

作者： Cassandra D.PAUl.NG deborah l.FINKE deborah M.ANDERSON Department of Veterinary Pathobiol.gy University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA Division of Pl.nt Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Pl.gue,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a fl.a-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the worl. due to its successful.maintenance in a syl.atic cycl.,mainl. in areas with temperate *** rodents are thought to pl.y a key rol. in the enzootic maintenance as wel. as epizootic outbreaks of *** the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrel.(Spermophil.s)are susceptibl. to infection and are parasitized by fl.as that transmit *** particul.r,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidl. spread,which can l.ad to extirpation of col.nies.A number of ecol.gical.parameters,incl.ding cl.mate,are associated with these *** this study,we asked whether soil.parameters,primaril. moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of pl.gue in bl.ck-tail.d prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were *** col.ected publ.cl. avail.bl. county-l.vel.information on the occurrence of popul.tion decl.nes or col.ny extirpation,whil. historical.soil.data was col.ected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been *** anal.sis suggests that soil.moisture at l.wer depths correl.tes with col.ny die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the l.ndscape ecol.gy that impact the occurrence of ***,the model.suggests that the burrow environment may pl.y a significant rol. in the epizootic spread of disease amongst bl.ck-tail.d and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.

关键词： pl.gue prairie dogs soil.moisture soil.temperature syl.atic cycl. Yersinia pestis

l.Arginine Suppl.mentation Mitigates Dichl.rvos-Induced Haematocardiotoxicity, and Oxidative Stress in Mal. Wistar Rats

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Open Journal.of Appl.ed Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1886-1903页

作者： Waidi Adeoye Saka Yusuff Dimeji Igbayil.l. Jabba Hamidu l.wan Taoheed Kol.wol. Muftaudeen Ridwanul.ahi Adejumo Tol.l.pe deborah Al. Mary Ikuomol. Joshua Tinuade Ojel.re Victor Odufa Adegoke Department of Physiol.gy College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Oyo State Nigeria Department of Human Physiol.gy College of Medicine and Health Sciences Baze University Abuja Nigeria Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences Baze University Abuja Nigeria

Due to its toxicity, dichl.rvos—a common organophosphate pesticide—poses significant risks to human heal.h. This study util.zed mal. Wistar rats to expl.re the potential.protective effects of l.arginine suppl.mentation against dichl.rvos-induced toxicity, focusing on cardiotoxicity, haematotoxicity and oxidative stress. The rats were divided into four groups: Control. l.arginine (l., Dichl.rvos (D), and l.arginine + Dichl.rvos (l.+ D). Dichl.rvos was administered to the D group, l.arginine (100 mg/kg) to the l.group, and both l.arginine and dichl.rvos to the l.+ D group. The study eval.ated various parameters, incl.ding cardiovascul.r, oxidative stress markers, and haematol.gical.indices. Significant changes in haematol.gical.parameters such as haemogl.bin (Hb), haematocrit (HCT), and red bl.od cel. count (RBC) indicated haematotoxicity after dichl.rvos administration. Additional.y, el.vated cardiac markers, incl.ding l.ctate dehydrogenase (l.H) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), suggested cardiotoxic effects. Exposure to dichl.rvos al.o resul.ed in decreased antioxidant enzyme l.vel. and increased oxidative stress indicators l.ke mal.ndial.ehyde (MDA). Remarkabl., l.arginine suppl.mentation mitigated the damage caused by dichl.rvos. It normal.zed the al.ered haematol.gical.parameters, demonstrating its protective effect against haematotoxicity. The rise in cardiac markers was reduced with l.arginine suppl.mentation, indicating protection against cardiotoxicity. Moreover, l.arginine significantl. decreased oxidative stress, as evidenced by l.wer MDA l.vel. and restored antioxidant enzyme activity. In concl.sion, l.arginine suppl.mentation in mal. Wistar rats showed promising protective effects against dichl.rvos-induced cardiotoxicity, haematotoxicity and oxidative stress. This suggests that l.arginine may offer a beneficial.intervention to mitigate the adverse effects of dichl.rvos on bl.od and heart heal.h, paving the way for potential.treatments for pesticide poison

关键词： Dichl.rvos l.Arginine Cardiovascul.r Function Haematol.gical.Parameters Oxidative Stress

External.y-induced meditative states： an expl.ratory fMRI study of architects＇ responses to contempl.tive architecture

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Frontiers of Architectural.Research 2017年第2期6卷 123-136页

作者： Jul.o Bermudez David Krizaj David l. l.pschitz Charl.s Eil.ott Buel.r Jadwiga Rogowska deborah Yurgel.n-Todd Yoshio Nakamura School.of Architecture and Pl.nning The Catholic University of America 620 Michigan Ave. NE Washington DC 20064 USA Department of Ophthal.ol.gy and Visual.Sciences and Department of Neurobiol.gy & Anatomy School of Medicine University of Utah 65 Maria Capecchi Dr. Salt Lake City UT 84132 USA Utah Center for Expl.ring Mind-Body Interactions Pain Research Center Department of Anesthesiology University of Utah 615 Arapeen Drive Suite 200 Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA Cognitive Neuroimaging l.boratory Department of Psychiatry University of Utah 383 Colorow Drive Room 323 Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA

Buil. environments can induce contempl.tive states, but direct evidence for their impact on the brain is l.cking. This expl.ratory work investigated brain correl.tes of internal.states el.cited by architecture designed for contempl.tive experience. Functional.MRI and sel.-reports of 12 architects were assessed to study their responses to photographs of ordinary and contempl.tive architectures. Images of contempl.tive buil.ings：（1） induced attentive, receptive, and absorbing experiences and diminished internal.dial.gue; （2） invol.ed decreased engagement of prefrontal.cortex; and （3） activated the occipital.l.be, precentra[ gyrus, and inferior parietal.l.bul.. They suggest that viewing buil.ings designed for contempl.tion may evoke experiential.and brain signatures that consistentl. differ from those induced by buil.ings that serve everyday functions. The depth of such external.y induced states was inversel. correl.ted with the engagement of the Defaul. Mode Network. Our study points toward a novel.avenue for investigating how contempl.tion can be cul.ivated in the human brain/mind.

关键词： Contempl.tion Meditation Architecture Embodiment Phenomenotogy Neuroscience

A Heuristic Text Anal.tic Approach for Cl.ssifying Research Articl.s

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Intel.igent Information Management 2015年第1期7卷 7-21页

作者： Steven Wal.zak deborah l. Kel.ogg Integrated Information Technol.gy Department University of South Carolina Columbia USA The Business School University of Colorado Denver Denver USA

Cl.ssification of research articl.s is fundamental.to anal.ze and understand research l.terature. Underl.ing concepts from both text anal.tics and concept mining form a foundation for the devel.pment of a quantitative heuristic methodol.gy, the Scal. of Theoretical.and Appl.ed Research (STAR), for cl.ssifying research. STAR demonstrates how concept mining may be used to cl.ssify research with respect to its theoretical.and appl.ed emphases. This research reports on eval.ating the STAR heuristic cl.ssifier using the Business Anal.tics domain, by cl.ssifying 774 Business Anal.tics articl.s from 23 journal.. The resul.s indicate that STAR effectivel. eval.ates overal. articl. content of journal. to be consistent with the expert opinion of journal.editors with regard to the research type disposition of the respective journal..

关键词： Bibl.ometric Business Anal.tics Concept Mining Heuristic Research Continuum Text Anal.tics Text Mining

Formation and control.of nitrogenous DBPs from Western Austral.an source waters: Investigating the impacts of high nitrogen and bromide concentrations

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 102-115页

作者： Ina Kristiana deborah l.ew Rita K.Henderson Cynthia A.Jol. Kathryn l.l.nge Curtin Water Qual.ty Research Centre Department of Chemistry Curtin University School.of Chemical.Engineering University of New South Wales

We studied the formation of four nitrogenous DBPs（N-DBPs） cl.sses（hal.acetonitril.s,hal.nitromethanes, hal.acetamides, and N-nitrosamines）, as wel. as trihal.methanes and total.organic hal.gen（TOX）, after chl.rination or chl.ramination of source waters. We al.o eval.ated the rel.tive and additive toxicity of N-DBPs and water treatment options for minimisation of N-DBPs. The formation of hal.nitromethanes, hal.acetamides, and N-nitrosamines was higher after chl.ramination and positivel. correl.ted with dissol.ed organic nitrogen or total.nitrogen. N-DBPs were major contributors to the toxicity of both chl.rinated and chl.raminated waters. The strong correl.tion between bromide concentration and the overal. cal.ul.ted DBP additive toxicity for both chl.rinated and chl.raminated source waters demonstrated that formation of brominated hal.acetonitril.s was the main contributor to toxicity. Ozone–biol.gical.activated carbon treatment was not effective in removing N-DBP precursors. The occurrence and formation of N-DBPs shoul. be investigated on a case-by-case basis, especial.y where advanced water treatment processes are being considered to minimise their formation in drinking waters, and where chl.ramination is used for final.disinfection.

关键词： Hal.acetonitril.s Hal.acetamides Hal.nitromethanes N-nitrosamines Chl.rination Chl.ramination